可编辑复杂线状符号库的设计与实现

针埘GDI＋绘制复杂线状符号存在符号不可编辑与遮捎等问题,设计了一种可编辑的复杂线状符号的组织方法,该方法将复杂线状符号分解为实线、虚线和点线蔓种基本单元,进而设计了基于这一种基本单元的复杂线状符号参数描述方法,解决了GDI＋绘制复杂线状符号存在符号不可编辑与遮挡等问题。采用C#实现了可编辑线状符弓库的设计与开发．建立了1：10000地形图符号库。最后,对本文方法与GDI＋方法的绘制效率进行了比较试验。试验表明本文方法不仅解决了GDI＋绘制复杂线状符号存在符号不可编辑与遮挡等问题．并且绘制效率也明显优于GDI＋方法．     

天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川消融对气候变化的响应

Current glacier recession under the global warming has aroused world-wide attention.Initiated from 1958,the observations show that over the past 50 years,the glacier has changed remarkably in the aspects of snow-firn stratigraphy,ice formation zone,ice temperature,area and terminus position,etc.These changes are apparently the results of temperature rise in this area.The glacier recession continued throughout the entire observed time period,and showed an accelerated tendency since 1985.Meltwater runoff also increased 84.2% over the last 20 years.     

Incomplete high P–T metamorphic transitions within the Kvamsøy pyroxenite complex, west Norway: a case study of disequilibrium

Abstract The Kvamsøy pyroxenite complex consists of olivine websterite, olivine gabbro and leucogabbro-norite which have been subjected to regional high P-T (HPT) metamorphism. The metamorphism has resulted in a range of disequilibrium textures with the development of coronas and pseudomorphism of the igneous phases. Reactions between felsic and mafic mineral domains have been controlled by variable and selective diffusion of elements, resulting in a variety of local plagioclase-breakdown reactions and in significant compositional variations for the product garnet. Restricted diffusion favours transient reaction stages with garnet ± spinel ± corundum ± zoisite after calcic plagioclase in olivine gabbro and olivine websterite and garnet ± spinel ± kyanite ± quartz + sodic plagioclase in leucogabbro-norite. Complete HPT reaction has produced garnet pyroxenite which consists of garnet + diopside + hornblende + zoisite in gabbroic rocks, while amphibolitization continued during the cooling and uplift history. Grt + Ky + Pl + Qtz geobarometry suggests pressures in the range 13-16 kbar for T = 750°C, comparable with the regional eclogite-forming metamorphism.     

Constraints on element mobility associated with the conversion of granulite to eclogite along fractures in an anorthositic complex on Holsnøy, Norway

On Holsnøy, an island off the coast of Western Norway, an anorthositic complex metamorphosed to granulite facies was partially overprinted by a later eclogite facies metamorphism. Eclogite facies rocks (containing omphacite, garnet, kyanite and hydrous phases such as mica and zoisite) occur in shear zones of various scales and adjacent to veins. Previous studies of shear zones on Holsnøy reported evidence for substantial element mobility (Jamtveit et al ., 1990; Mattey et al ., 1994). In this work, we compare chemical compositions of granulite and its undeformed eclogitized equivalent adjacent to veins in locations where a single band of granulite can be traced and sampled as it approaches the vein. This tracing is crucial because the pre-granulite rocks cover a substantial compositional range, indicative of a petrologically variable protolith consisting of anorthosite, gabbro and jotunite. We analysed multiple core samples collected across nine separate granulite-eclogite transition zones located at veins in anorthositic, jotunitic and gabbroic protoliths for major and trace elements. For each transition, no compositional difference between the average granulite and average eclogite composition was found at the 90% confidence level except for LOI (loss on ignition), which was consistently significantly higher in the eclogite samples. Although not significant at the 90% confidence level for any single traverse, the average eclogite concentrations of SiO₂ , Na₂O, Cs, As and Br exceed the average granulite concentrations for eight or all nine of the traverses. For most traverses, statistical analysis of the data limits any gain of SiO₂ in the eclogites to no more than a few relative per cent. Other than the introduction of volatile substances, presumably an H₂O-rich fluid, eclogitization associated with vein formation was essentially isochemical.     

Carbon and oxygen isotopes of Maastrichtian–Danian shallow marine carbonates: Yacoraite Formation, northwestern Argentina

The Maastrichtian–Danian limestones of the Yacoraite Formation (northwestern Argentina) show carbon and oxygen isotopic values consistent with shallow marine conditions. The members of the formation respond to different sedimentary environments and are characterised by distinctive stable isotopes and geochemistry. The basal Amblayo Member is composed of high-energy dolomitic limestones and limestones with positive isotopic values (+2‰ δ¹³C, +2‰ δ¹⁸O). The top of the member reveals an isotopic shift of δ¹³C (−5‰) and δ¹⁸O (−10‰), probably related to a descent in the sea level. The sandy Güemes Member has isotopically negative (−2‰ δ¹³C, −1‰ δ¹⁸O) limestones, principally controlled by water mixing, decreased organic productivity, and compositional changes in the carbonates. The isotopically lighter limestones are calcitic, with a greater terrigenous contribution and different geochemical composition (high Si–Mn–Fe–Na, low Ca–Mg–Sr). These isotopic and lithological changes relate to the Cretaceous–Palaeogene transition. The Alemanía Member, composed of dolomitic limestones and pelites, represents a return to marine conditions and shows a gradual increase in isotopic values, reaching values similar to those of the Amblayo Member. The Juramento Member, composed of stromatolite limestones, shows isotopic variations that can be correlated with the two well-defined, shallowing-upward sequences of the member.     

New constraints on metamorphism in the Rauer Group, Prydz Bay, east Antarctica

Abstract Granulite facies metapelites of the Mather and Filla Paragneisses within the Rauer Group, east Antarctica, possess markedly different compositions. The metamorphic evolution of the two metapelite types has been interpreted as temporally distinct, with the Rauer Group preserving at least two distinct granulite facies tectonothermal episodes. Calculated P–T pseudosections and orthopyroxene Al content indicate the revised maximum‐preserved P–T conditions within the Mather Paragneiss to lie in the vicinity of 950–975 °C and 10–10.6 kbar, less extreme than previous estimates. The range of possible P–T paths for the Mather Paragneiss consistent with mineral textural relationships and pseudosections contoured for mineral proportion are significantly shallower (dP/dT) than previous estimates. A near‐isothermal decompression P–T path, and extreme peak metamorphic conditions, are not necessary to explain the development of preserved mineral reaction textures. The Filla Paragneiss contains pelitic assemblages less amenable to rigorous quantitative analysis. Nevertheless, possibilities for the shared or otherwise metamorphic evolution of the Mather and Filla Paragneisses may be postulated on the basis of calculated pseudosections in the context of existing geochronology for the Rauer Group and preserved microstructures. A shared evolution, most likely during Pan‐African granulite facies metamorphism, is plausible and consistent with mineral assemblage development, geochronology and microstructures. A revised interpretation of the Rauer Group's preserved metamorphic evolution may warrant the revision of existing tectonic models, applicable also to the remainder of Prydz Bay. More generally, the employed approach may incite a revision of peak P–T and P–T paths in other granulite facies terranes.     

磁尾地向传播等离子体团的模拟研究

卫星观测证实了磁尾等离子体团与亚暴活动的相关性,除了具有北-南双极特征的尾向传播等离子体团外,还发现地向传播等离子体团,它们表现为南-北双极中性片事件和南-北双极瓣区讯号. 资料分析表明:南-北双极讯号的出现几率远低于北-南双极讯号,并且南-北双极事件主要发生于行星际磁场北向和地磁宁静条件,它们往往与小的孤立的地磁亚暴相关. 本文根据地磁宁静时期(IMF Bz北向且By≥Bz)越尾电场Ey分量的分布特点,对地向传播等离子体团作模拟研究. 两类算例的数值结果展示了通量绳磁结构及具有复杂闭合磁力线位形的等离子体团的基本特征,上述特征与尾向传播的等离子体团类似,与IMP 8卫星关于地向传播南-北中性片事件的观测特征大致相符. 数值结果还展示了与Schindler示意图相类似的磁力线拓扑位形,在一定程度上为南-北事件出现几率低作出了解释;并且揭示了磁尾中性片内越尾磁场分量By对磁重联发展的抑制作用. 本文的模拟研究说明:无论磁尾处于活动时期(IMF Bz为南向),还是宁静时期(IMF Bz为北向且By≥Bz),磁场重联均是磁尾等离子体加速和加热的通用机制.     

波谱曲线指数化的方法和意义

地质研究对象的各种波谱曲线和数据包括显示量（由曲线的高低位置反映的总体辐射强度）和质（由曲线内部的起伏结构反映的不同波段辐射强度的内在相互关系）两方面的特征，其总体辐射强度往往因各种观测因素和条件的不同而发生变化，但其曲线结构形式一般不会因此而改变，本文一般性地介绍一种将复杂的原始波谱曲线简简单指数的思路和方法，使各种波谱曲线所反映的物体内在本质特征是以加强突出，同时尽量弱化总体辐射强度这一易变的     

金矿灰色关联分析预测法

以金矿为研究客体，提出了一种新的矿床预测方法－灰色关联分析预测法，一种新的矿床评价参数－综合关联度，理论分析和预测实践表明，该方法适用于建立综合信息灰色观测模型和大比例尺隐伏矿床预测。     

中国季节积雪资源的初步评价

本文根据2300余个地面气象台站从1951年(或建站)到1980年逐日积雪与降雪观测资料,计算出我国年平均降雪补给量为3451.8 X 10~8m~3,冬季平均积雪贮量为535.6 X 10~8m~3,阐明了季节雪资源的地理分布规律,季节分配特征和长期变化趋势.指出了CO_2增温可能导致我国季节雪资源分布的区域分异倾向进一步加骤,引起北方土壤干旱化.三十年来,雪资源的波动是全球海气异常的结果.多雪冬天与厄尔尼诺南方涛动相同步.雪资源的两个正、负距平时期与我国农田受旱面积的两个明显的低高值时期基本吻合.长期变化趋势准确地反映出了全球气温变化过程,并与气温变化成正相关.