缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)心率Arrhenius拐点温度(ABT)及其与生长性状相关和通径分析

运用一种无损伤性的生物心跳参数红外监测方法,记录分析了96只缢蛏个体在22—38°C温度变化范围内波形特征和心率数据,依据阿伦尼乌斯方程直线拟合求得每个个体心率的阿伦尼乌斯拐点温度(Arrheniusbreaktemperatures,ABT)指标,并进一步分析了缢蛏心率ABT与其生长性状的相关关系。结果表明:缢蛏心跳在温度上升过程中不断变化, 22—34°C范围内可采集获得心脏搏动的稳定波形,且心跳速度在前期呈现随温度的上升而加快,到后期随温度上升而减弱,平均心率31°C达峰值为33.65BMP,同时缢蛏个体之间的心率差异明显,22°C时个体间差异最大,范围在13.90—27.95BMP,平均心率为19.66BMP,变异系数达14.06%,26—31°C时个体间的差异相对较小,但变异系数也均在8.5%以上;缢蛏所有个体中心率ABT最小值为29.74°C,最大值31.86,平均值为31.02°C。建立了缢蛏心率ABT受生长性状影响的最优回归方程。壳宽对缢蛏心率ABT的直接负作用最强,直接通径系数为–0.6895,而壳长对心率ABT直接通径系数尽管只有为0.3959,但它还通过壳高、壳宽间接发挥作用(间接通径系数分别为0.221 8,–0.194 1),因而总的影响最大(相关系数为0.423 6)。     

高氮磷比与酸化共同作用对微小亚历山大藻生长和产毒的影响

通过实验室构建不同氮磷比条件下的酸化海水环境,培养麻痹性贝毒(paralytic shellfish toxin,PST)产毒藻微小亚历山大藻(Alexandrium minutum),采用藻细胞计数法、分光光度法、高效液相色谱-质谱法等分析方法,探讨了不同氮磷比条件下的酸化海水对微小亚历山大藻的生长、氮磷营养盐吸收、产毒等参数的影响。结果表明,在一定程度上,酸化环境对A.minutum的生长、PST的胞内累积和胞外释放有促进作用,且胞外培养液中PST含量增加的程度更高;同时,酸化海水促进胞内毒性较低的N-H类膝沟藻毒素(GTX2和GTX3)被氧化成毒性较高的N-OH类膝沟藻毒素(GTX1和GTX4),导致A.minutum的细胞毒性和培养液毒性增加。而海水中氮磷比的进一步升高,在一定程度上促进了微小亚历山大藻细胞毒素含量和毒性的增加,但并未促进其生长,且降低了藻细胞内的磷储量。     

Population connectivity of an overexploited coastal fish,Argyrosomus coronus (Sciaenidae), in an ocean-warming hotspot

The West Coast dusky kob Argyrosomus coronus is a commercially exploited fish with a distribution confined to the Angola–Benguela Frontal Zone (ABFZ) of the southeastern Atlantic Ocean. A previous study revealed that during a recent period of local warming the species extended its distribution into Namibian waters, where it hybridised with the resident and congeneric Argyrosomus inodorus. Environmental changes are a major threat to marine biodiversity and when combined with overfishing have the potential to accelerate the decline of species. However, little is known regarding the evolutionary history and population structure of A. coronus across the ABFZ. We investigated genetic diversity, population structure and historical demographic changes using mtDNA control region sequences and genotypes at six nuclear microsatellite loci, from 180 individuals. A single, genetically homogeneous population was indicated across the distributional range of A. coronus (φ_ST = 0.041, F_ST = 0.000, D = 0.000; p > 0.05). These findings imply that the oceanographic features within the ABFZ do not appear to significantly influence population connectivity in A. coronus, which simplifies management of the species. However, reconstruction of the demographic history points to a close link between the evolutionary history of A. coronus and the environmental characteristics of the ABFZ. This outcome suggests the species’ vulnerability to the rapid environmental changes being observed across this region, and highlights a pressing need for transboundary management to mitigate the impacts of climate change in this global hotspot of seawater temperature changes.     

An efficient and robust approach to predict ship self-propulsion coefficients

Achieving a reliable and accurate numerical prediction of the self-propulsion performance of a ship is still an open problem that poses some relevant issues. Several CFD methods, ranging from boundary element methods (BEM) to higher-fidelity viscous Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) based solvers, can be used to accurately analyze the separate problems, i.e. the open water propeller and the hull calm water resistance. However, when the fully-coupled self-propulsion problem is considered, i.e. the hull advancing at uniform speed propelled by its own propulsion system, several complexities rise up. Typical flow simplifications adopted to speed-up the simulations of the single analysis (hull and propeller separately) lose their validity requiring a more complex solver to tackle the fully-coupled problem. The complexity rises up further when considering a maneuver condition. This aspect increases the computational burden and, consequently, the required time which becomes prohibitive in a preliminary ship design stage.The majority of the simplified methods proposed in literature to include propeller effects, without directly solve the propeller flow, in a high-fidelity viscous solver are not able to provide all the commonly required self-propulsion coefficients. In this work, a new method to enrich the results from a body force based approach is proposed and investigated, with the aim to reduce as much as possible the computational burden without losing any useful result. This procedure is tested for validation on the KCS hull form in self-propulsion and maneuver conditions.     

Hydrocarbon source rock potential in the southwestern Gulf of Suez graben: Insights from organic geochemistry and palynofacies studies on well samples from the Ras El Bahar Oilfield

Palynological and biomarker characteristics of organic facies recovered from Cretaceous–Miocene well samples in the Ras El Bahar Oilfield, southwest Gulf of Suez, and their correlation with lithologies, environments of deposition and thermal maturity have provided a sound basis for determining their source potential for hydrocarbons. In addition to palynofacies analysis, TOC/Rock-Eval pyrolysis, kerogen concentrates, bitumen extraction, carbon isotopes and saturated and aromatic biomarkers enable qualitative and quantitative assessments of sedimentary organic matter to be made. The results obtained from Rock-Eval pyrolysis and molecular biomarker data indicate that most of the samples come from horizons that have fair to good hydrocarbon generation potential in the study area. The Upper Cretaceous–Paleocene-Lower Eocene samples contain mostly Type-II to Type-III organic matter with the capability of generating oil and gas. The sediments concerned accumulated in dysoxic–anoxic marine environments. By contrast, the Miocene rocks yielded mainly Type-III and Type-II/III organic matter with mainly gas-generating potential. These rocks reflect deposition in a marine environment into which there was significant terrigenous input. Three palynofacies types have been recognized. The first (A) consists of Type-III gas-prone kerogen and is typical of the Early–Middle Miocene Belayim, Kareem and upper Rudeis formations. The second (B) has mixed oil and gas features and characterizes the remainder of the Rudeis Formation. The third association (C) is dominated by amorphous organic matter, classified as borderline Type-II oil-prone kerogen, and is typical of the Matulla (Turonian–Santonian) and Wata (Turonian) formations. Rock-Eval T_max, PI, hopane and sterane biomarkers consistently indicate an immature to early mature stage of thermal maturity for the whole of the studied succession.     

Microbial activity promotes the enrichment of cobalt over nickel on hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts

The different mineral phases of the ferromanganese (Fe–Mn) crusts stem from the interaction of biotic and abiotic components. It is therefore vital to study the activity of these components to decipher their contribution to the enrichment/depletion of metals in the crust. Thus, the present study examined sorption and release of Co and Ni by Fe-Mn crusts with associated microbial communities in the presence and absence of the metabolic poison sodium azide (15?mM). The study was conducted in the presence (G⁺) and absence (G^?) of added glucose (0.1%) at temperatures of 4?±?1°C and 28?±?2°C. Results showed that the microbial community had maximal sorption of Co of 66.12?µg?g^?1 at 4?±?1°C in the absence of added glucose and 479.75?µg?g^?1 at 28?±?2°C in the presence of added glucose. Maximum sorption of Ni in the absence of added glucose was 1.89?µg?g^?1 at 4?±?1°C and release of Ni was 51.28?µg?g^?1 in the presence of added glucose. Under abiotic conditions with 15?mM sodium azide as a metabolic inhibitor, significant amounts of Co and Ni were released in the G⁺ medium. Total cell counts on the Fe-Mn crust in the presence of added glucose increased by an order of magnitude from 10⁶ to 10⁷ cells g^?1 and in the absence of added glucose remained within the order of 10⁶ cells?g^?1 irrespective of temperature of incubation. Microscopic observation of the samples from biotic incubations showed numerous bacterial cells, exopolysaccharides, and structures resembling secondary minerals formed by bacteria. The results indicate that bacteria promote the enrichment of Co and Ni on the hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts by sorption processes and release of Ni by reductive dissolution of the oxides. The higher enrichment of Co than Ni is attributed to the way in which microbes interact with the metals.     

Numerical investigation of the uplift performance of prestressed fiber-reinforced polymer floating piles

Finite element analyses of prestressed fiber-reinforced polymer floating piles subjected to uplift force have been conducted in this paper. First, parameters of the modified BPE model (bond–slip model at the fiber-reinforced polymer–concrete interface) were calibrated using existing pullout testing data on fiber-reinforced polymer rebars embedded in concrete. Nonlinear spring elements were used in numerical modeling to characterize the bond–slip behavior at the fiber-reinforced polymer–concrete interface. A parametric study was performed to assess the influence of rebar diameter, fiber-reinforced polymer material, embedment length, and concrete strength on the mobilized bond stress. Upon the successful modeling of the pullout performance of fiber-reinforced polymer rebars in concrete, numerical models were developed to investigate the dependence of the uplift performance of floating piles on the prestress level, uplift force, fiber-reinforced polymer type, and compressive strength of concrete.     

绿鳍马面鲀(Navodon septentrionalis)CYP19a基因克隆与表达特征分析

利用简并引物扩增及RACE全长克隆技术, 克隆得到绿鳍马面鲀(Navodon septentrionalis)CYP19a基因cDNA全长序列。通过多序列比对, 发现具有芳香化酶特定保守序列, 包括一个I-螺旋区, 一个Ozol肽区, 一个亚铁血红素结合区域以及一个芳香化酶特异性结合区域。通过RT-PCR技术检测了其在绿鳍马面鲀成鱼各组织表达的情况, 发现其CYP19a基因只在卵巢中有表达; 同时也分析了其在不同卵巢发育期的表达情况, 发现CYP19a在卵黄发生后期表达量达到最高值, 卵巢退化吸收期表达量达到最低值。     

Origin and anatomy of two different types of mass–transport complexes: A 3D seismic case study from the northern South China Sea margin

Integration of 2D and 3D seismic data from the Qiongdongnan Basin along the northwestern South China Sea margin has enabled the seismic stratigraphy, seismic geomorphology and emplacement mechanisms of eight separate, previously undocumented, mass–transport complexes (MTCs) to be characterized. These eight MTCs can be grouped into two types:(1) Localized detached MTCs, which are confined to submarine canyons and cover hundreds of km², consist of a few tens of km³ remobilized sediments and show long striations at their base. They resulted from small-scale mass-wasting processes induced by regional tectonic events and gravitational instabilities on canyon margins.(2) Regional attached MTCs, which occur within semi-confined or unconfined settings and are distributed roughly perpendicular to the strike of the regional slope. Attached MTCs occupy hundreds to thousands of km² and are composed of tens to hundreds of km³ of remobilized sediments. They contain headwall escarpments, translated blocks, remnant blocks, pressure ridges, and basal striations and cat-claw grooves. They were created by large-scale mass-wasting processes triggered by high sedimentation rates, slope oversteepening by shelf-edge deltas, and seismicity.Our results show that MTCs may act as both lateral and top seals for underlying hydrocarbon reservoirs and could create MTC-related stratigraphic traps that represent potential drilling targets on continental margins, helping to identify MTC-related hydrocarbon traps.     

应用地震资料设计水平井轨迹

应用三维地震资料设计水平井的轨迹,用人工合成记录标定层位和岩性并进行精细的构造解释和储层横向预测,对测区速度场进行研究,利用Geoquest 人机联作解释系统编绘层拉平图、转弯测线剖面图,不整合面构造图,各套油层顶面构造图,沿地层倾向设计水平井的轨迹.经两口井钻探,钻遇不整合面的误差0.19%—0.39%,一口井平均钻遇油层204m,相当9口直井的效益.用地震资料设计巷道水平井的关键是油层标定、深度标定和确定油层走向,用人机联作系统绘制水平切片图、反射波振幅图、油层顶构造图,设计了在油层内钻探的巷道井.经钻探,钻遇不整合面的误差0.07%,在真厚度8.23m 的油层内钻进563m.