沃克环流上升区赤道低空强西风带的分析

采用ＴＯＧＡ／ＣＯＡＲＥ国际合作考察期间（１９９２年１０月─１９９３年２月）获得的２６７次定点（２°Ｓ，１５５°Ｅ）定时高空大气探测资料，进行计算分析，发现１９９２年１２月─１９９３年２月低空存在一支西风急流，有两次分别持续半月之久，而１９９２年１１月的两次赤道西风急流，因无赤道高空急流配合，仅持续２ｄ便消失。本文还指出：（１）赤道低空西风急流是各种海－气指数产生ＥＮＳＯ异常的重要信息；（２）赤道高空急流有滞后赤道低空急流２ｄ左右的响应关系；（３）赤道低空急流是纬向水汽输送的狭窄通道。     

海洋生物-光学算法研究──南黄海叶绿素浓度的估算

根据1995年9月中日合作南黄海现场观测资料，对南黄海生物一光学算法进行研究。首先对南黄海现场多光谱反射比数据进行因子分析，解反射比协方差矩阵的特征问题；解出特征值和对应的特征向量，求出主因子，然后建立叶绿素a浓度对主因子的多元线性回归方程，并对算法进行回报和预报检验。计算结果表明，该算法具有较高精度，同时也显示出天气条件对估算精度产生较大影响。     

Composition and distribution of phytoplankton with size fraction results at southwestern east/japan sea

Abundance and distribution of phytoplankton in seawater at southwestern East/Japan Sea near Gampo were investigated by HPLC analysis of photosynthetic pigments during summer of 1999. Detected photosynthetic pigments were chlorophyll a, b, c₁₊₂ (Chl a, Chl b, Chl c₁₊₂), fucoxanthin (Fuco), prasinoxanthin (Pras), zeaxanthin (Zea), 19’-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin (But-fuco) and beta-carotene (β-Car). Major carotenoid was fucoxanthin (bacillariophyte) and minor carotenoids were Pras (prasinophyte), Zea (cyanophyte) and But-fuco (chrysophyte). Chl a concentrations were in the range of 0.16-8.3/land subsurface chlorophyll maxima were observed at 0-10m at inshore and 30–50 m at offshore. Thermocline and nutricline tilted to the offshore direction showed a mild upwelling condition. Results from size-fraction showed that contribution from nano+picoplankton at Chl a maximum layer was increased from 18% at inshore to 69% at offshore on average. The maximum contribution from nano+picoplankton was found as 87% at St. E4. It was noteworthy that contribution from nano+picoplanktonic crysophytes and green algae to total biomass of phytoplankton was significant at offshore. Satellite images of sea surface temperature indicated that an extensive area of the East/Japan Sea showed lower temperature (<18 °C) but the enhanced Chl a patch was confined to a narrow coastal region in summer, 1999. Exceptionally high flux of low saline water from the Korea/Tsushima Strait seemed to make upwelling weak in summer of 1999 in the study area. Results of comparisons among Chl a from SeaWIFs, HPLC and fluorometric analysis showed that presence of Chl b cause underestimation of Chl a about 30% by fluorometric analysis but overestimation by satellite data about 30-75% compared to HPLC data.     

苯并[a]芘对雄性褐菖鲉精巢成熟的影响

本实验采用雄性褐菖鲉作为实验对象,腹腔注射0.5×10-6、1×10-6、5×10-6、10×10-6(m/m)苯并[a]芘,7d后苯并[a]芘处理组精巢睾酮水平和睾酮与17β-雌二醇的比值都有上升,但都未表现出显著性差异(P>0.05).腹腔注射50×10-6(m/m)苯并[a]芘,11d后取出精巢,常规石蜡切片,结果显示雄性褐菖鲉的精巢,精小叶腔和输出管中精子密集程度明显增加,次级精母细胞减少,精巢壁厚度变薄.结果提示,苯并[a]芘对褐菖鲉具有类雄激素效应.     

从受训神经-模糊模型中提取知识

本文对用于模式分类、函数逼近、参数估计的多层感知器 (MLPs)给出 1个清晰的关于内部行为的解释。作者以单隐层的 MLP为例 ,论述了关于 MLP的内部行为的半线性分析理论。对受训的MLP,将隐层单元的输出分别定义为网络输出的正、负“内部分量”;定义内部分量的连接权重集为给定问题的“内部判别模式”;建立了 MLP和模糊集相结合的新模型 ;分析了 MLP的结构为 N- 2 - 1和N- H- 1 ,给出权重初始化的方法 ;提出了 1种从受训神经 -模糊模型 (NFMs)中提取知识的全新的具有实用价值的方法。     

千里岩的气温变化特征及其与西北太平洋副热带高压的关系

本文根据１９６０～１９９４年千里岩和青岛月平均气温资料，分析了千里岩与青岛３５年来气温的年、季变化特征及差别，发现３５年来，千里岩和青岛的年、季平均气温均呈变暖趋势，但千里岩增温幅度较青岛小。从分析中发现，与气温变暖趋势相对应，西北太平洋副热带高压（以下简称副高）面积、强度指数的年、季变化也呈明显的增强、增大趋势。且年平均气温与冬季副高面积指数相关最显著。最后依此关系建立回归方程，并预测了１９９６年千里岩年平均气温的变化趋势。     

A moving PIV system for ship model test in a towing tank

A moving particle image velocimetry (PIV) system was successfully developed and used in a large towing tank for ship model tests to observe velocity fields near ship models. The experimental method involved adjustable optical devices for various test conditions and a special particle-seeding device. The streamwise and cross-streamwise flow fields of a yacht model and a tanker model were measured. Ship type, bottom shape, and towing speed were found to be the causes of problems affecting optical access and image quality. Possible solutions, deeper optical ducts, dark painting color, and pre-processed analysis method, were proposed and discussed.     

Nutrients, Chlorophyll a and Phytoplankton in the İskenderun Bay (Northeastern Mediterranean)

Abstract. The monthly changes in chlorophyll a , phytoplankton abundance and nutrient concentrations at two stations, one at the inshore and the other at the deep waters of the northern part of İskenderun Bay, were investigated between 1994 – 1995. The vertical distribution of nutrients and phytoplankton biomass were also studied at the deep station. The concentrations of NO₃+NO₂-N, PO₄-P and SiO₄-Si of surface water at both stations were 0.31 – 1.63 µg-at · l^-1, 0.08 – 0.60 µg-at · l^-1 and 0.50 – 2.7 µg-at · l^-1, respectively. The highest concentrations were measured at the inshore station and clear differences were found between the inshore and deep-water stations. Chlorophyll a concentrations ranged from 0.17 to 2.78 µg · l^-1 and the highest value was measured in March. At the inshore station, which was affected by land run-off, phytoplankton abundance reached the highest value (21,308 cells · l^-1) in October 1995, with a marked dominance of Pseudonitzschia pungens (20,200 cells · l^-1). The nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations at the inshore station were higher than those at the deep station. One reason for this is the land-based nutrient input into the coastal area here. In spite of these effects, the bay is not eutrophicated because of circulation events in the northeastern Mediterranean.     

化合氯对浮游植物对绿素a和光合作用影响的室内研究

化合氯是温排水中主要的化学物质,它的存在会对电厂邻近水域中生活的浮游植物造成一定的影响,运用均匀设计的实验方法研究温度,化合氯浓度,氯处理时间,及这3个因素之间的交互作用,从中筛选出影响叶绿素a含量与光合作用过程的主要因子,结果表明：影响叶绿素a的主要因子是氯处理时间,氯浓度与处理时间之间的交互作用（置信水平为99％）,影响光合作用的主要是氯处理时间,氯浓度,氯处理时间与氯浓度之间的交互作用,以及温度与氯处理时间的交互作用（置换水平为98％）。