Interannual Variability in Pollen Dispersal and Deposition on the Tropical Quelccaya Ice Cap*

Pollen collected from snow samples on the Quelccaya Ice Cap in 2000 and 2001 reveals significant interannual variability in pollen assemblage, concentration, and provenance. Samples from 2000, a La Niña year, contain high pollen concentrations and resemble samples from the Andean forests (Yungas) to the east. Samples from 2001, an El Niño year, contain fewer pollen and resemble those from the Altiplano. We suggest that varying wind patterns under different El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) conditions may affect the processes of pollen transport over the Altiplano and on the ice cap, although confounding variables such as flowering phenology and sublimation should also be considered     

Ice-core pollen record of climatic changes in the central Andes during the last 400 yr

This paper presents a high-resolution ice-core pollen record from the Sajama Ice Cap, Bolivia, that spans the last 400 yr. The pollen record corroborates the oxygen isotopic and ice accumulation records from the Quelccaya Ice Cap and supports the scenario that the Little Ice Age (LIA) consisted of two distinct phases—a wet period from AD 1500 to 1700, and a dry period from AD 1700 to 1880. During the dry period xerophytic shrubs expanded to replace puna grasses on the Altiplano, as suggested by a dramatic drop in the Poaceae/Asteraceae (P/A) pollen ratio. The environment around Sajama was probably similar to the desert-like shrublands of the Southern Bolivian Highlands and western Andean slopes today. The striking similarity between the Sajama and Quelccaya proxy records suggests that climatic changes during the Little Ice Age occurred synchronously across the Altiplano.     

苏北新洋港潮滩柱状沉积物粒度分布特征

通过对江苏省新洋港柱状样的粒度参数及典型粒度频率曲线分析,结合柱样剖面颜色变化情况,对柱状样进行不同演化阶段粒度信息的提取,运用粒径-标准偏差进行环境敏感性分析,以了解影响潮滩沉积物分布的动力特征.结果显示,光滩柱样呈现了由光滩-大米草滩-光滩逐渐演化的粒度变化信息,而互花米草滩、盐蒿滩和盐蒿互花米草混合滩柱样分别记录了大米草滩-互花米草滩、盐蒿滩-大米草滩-盐蒿滩,以及盐蒿滩-大米草滩-盐蒿互花米草混合滩演化的粒度信息,水动力条件的差异与变化导致沉积物水平方向上自光滩-互花米草滩-盐蒿滩逐渐变细,芦苇滩成为独立的系统,基本不受到潮水动力作用的影响,沉积结构十分稳定,植被的引种加剧了潮滩沉积物水平分布的变化,光滩、互花米草滩、盐蒿互花米草混合滩、盐蒿滩的沉积速率分别为2.34、≥3.09、2.45和2.09 cm/a.     

Nautilus矿业公司SMS勘探中采用的取样技术与装备

海底大块状硫化物(SMS)富含铜、锌、铅等金属,特别是富含贵金属金、银,引起了国际采矿业的浓厚兴趣。近年来,以澳大利亚Nautilus矿业公司为先驱代表的国际大型资源开发商和投资商已介入海底多金属硫化物的商业化开采。文中介绍了Nautilus公司在巴布亚新几内亚专属经济区针对海底块状硫化物矿床开展的一系列以商业开采为目的的勘探取样活动,详细介绍了勘探中所采用的基本方法与技术,并重点对其地质调查中所应用的拖网挖掘取样、ROV海底表面取样、大洋钻探船岩芯取样和专门开发的ROV岩芯钻探取样的装备、取样结果及作业效率进行了较为系统全面地介绍。     

印尼海啸区附近海域沉积物声速测量及声学特性分析

介绍了沉积物柱状样超声透射法测量方法和原理.对印尼海啸区附近海域沉积物柱状样进行了现场测量,通过测量数据的处理和分析,给出了沉积物的垂向声速剖面.讨论了声速与频率的关系,指出声速具有随频率的0.1次方增大的频散特性.分析沉积深度、结构以及生物扰动等方面的因素对声学测量结果的影响,结果表明海底地震引起的沉积物变迁、沉积物结构扰动、气体的混入等对声速的测量结果均产生影响.     

北京平原南口—孙河断裂带北西段活动性分析

南口—孙河断裂是北京平原区唯一一条北西向的活动断裂,也是张家口—渤海地震带中最醒目的隐伏、半隐伏的第四纪活动断裂。对南口—孙河断裂北西段开展了浅层地震勘探和钻探工程,验证了该目标断裂的精确定位。笔者通过钻孔岩心及探槽剖面的对比分析,并结合磁性地层研究及~(14)C年龄测定,对该断裂第四纪以来的活动性进行了探讨。研究表明,南口—孙河断裂具有粘滑兼蠕滑的活动特点,中更新世、晚更新世和全新世以来的垂直活动速率分别为0.12 mn/a、0.58 mm/a、0.31 mm/a。总体表现为弱-强-弱的规律。晚更新世以来至少可识别出两次古地震事件,分别为距今(9230±45)aBP~(9370±40)aBP和(13620±90)aBP~(13960±60)aBP,错断地层的最浅深度为1.2 m。同时探讨了城市隐伏活动断裂的研究思路和方法。