Quantifying the influence of rainfall,vegetation and animals on soil erosion and hillslope connectivity in the monsoonal tropics of northern Australia

Erosion of soil by water is facilitated by both diffusive and fluvial processes. Here we examine three different soil redistribution processes operating at very different spatial and temporal scales in the monsoonal tropics of northern Australia. The first process, rainsplash, operates across the entire catchment. This process, while subject to annual and seasonal variations in rainfall amount and intensity, can be considered a constant forcing and redistributes on average 9 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ (range −0.9 to 19 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹). The second process, bioturbation, where in this study soil is disturbed by feral pigs (wild boar), occurs in selected areas throughout each year. Pigs exhume 3 to 36.0 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ (average ~11 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹). The effect of this disturbance may last for many years afterwards. The third process is the disturbance of the soil surface by tree throw and creation of pit–mound topography (also a form of bioturbation), together with the resultant placement of the tree superstructure (above ground biomass) on the ground, which may form debris dams. Tree throw at the scale examined here is likely to occur only once every 50–100 years, with the influence of this single event lasting for at least 10 years post event. Tree throw in a single event exhumed ~5 t ha⁻¹ (1.1–9.5 t ha⁻¹) of soil. In contrast to rainsplash, pig disturbance and tree throw events are largely point-based phenomena. Field observation suggests that it takes many years for the disturbance from both pigs and tree throw to be removed. We find here that in terms of relative soil redistribution, rainsplash has the largest influence, with any erosional disturbance by pigs and tree throw being within the variability of rainsplash. However, the disruption of surface flow by the pig digs and tree throw disrupts sedimentological and hydrological connectivity.     

国土资源涉密计算机泄密隐患分析与防范——以费县国土资源局为例

依据信息安全等级保护有关政策和标准,结合费县国土资源局信息化建设中涉密计算机管理工作实际,探讨如何从计算机信息输入和输出2个方面有效预防计算机失窃密。从计算机身份认证与访问控制、网口、UBS口电磁辐射,办公设备5个方面分析泄密隐患,并提出相应的应对措施,强调了在国土资源系统涉密计算机管理方面要加强保密意识,提高防范技能。     

Medicinal Plants Harvesting in Wolong National Nature Reserve

A combination of sample surveys and questionnaires were used to investigate the harvesting of wild medicinal plants (WMP) in Wolong National Nature Reserve (WNNR) from August 2014 to July 2015. These surveys showed that up to 20 families and 45 species of WMP were harvested in WNNR. Gastrodia elata, Paris polyphylla, Fritillaria thun-bergli, Rheum officinale, Rhodiola rosea, Saussurea medusa, Notopterygium root, Radix Ginseng, Buddha’s palm were harvested intensely. The harvesting, which occurred mainly in autumn and winter (from June to October) in the test area, buffer area and core area, was located mostly in the residential and crop production areas of Wolong Town and Gengda Town, and in the timberline, alpine meadows and scree areas of Dengshenggou Ravine and Balangshan Mountain (specifically in Dengshenggou, Tangfang, Tizigou Ravine, Weijiagou Ravine and Reshuihe River areas). Among all the harvesters, 58% came from inside the WNNR, and 42% came from outside the WNNR; 87% were male, and 13% were female; 6% were under the age of 18, 69% were 19-45 years old, 19% were 46-65 years old, 6% were over 66 years old. The main purpose of harvesting was commercial sale to increase household income. Based on the analysis and discussion of the results, comprehensive management measures were introduced to strengthen the awareness and efficacy of laws and regulations, integrate the enforcement of these laws, establish and strengthen inspections. Skills training and the domestication of the wild medicinal materials were used to encourage the surplus labor force to avoid excessive harvesting and move into other agricultural endeavors.     

哈尔滨阿勒锦岛国家湿地公园野生种子植物多样性

在哈尔滨市阿勒锦岛国家湿地公园,采用样线和样方调查法,对野生种子植物进行了野外调查,研究该湿地公园野生种子植物的多样性和区系特征.在该湿地公园共记录野生种子植物58科170属272种(包括2亚种和2变种),都为被子植物.其中,物种数较多的科有禾本科(Gramineae)(48种)、菊科(Compositae)(37种)...     

雌、雄海马抗疲劳和改善记忆障碍比较

【目的】比较雌、雄海马对小鼠抗疲劳和改善记忆障碍的不同作用。【方法】转棒实验检测小鼠抗疲劳能力,将小鼠分3组,1组喂食普通饲料,另外2组分别喂食含有质量分数0.22%雌、雄海马的饲料,共喂食6周。跳台实验检测小鼠记忆能力,将小鼠为4组,正常组与乙醇组喂食普通饲料,另外2组分别喂食含有质量分数0.22%雌、雄海马的饲料,共喂食6周。体积分数30%乙醇灌胃乙醇组和雌、雄海马组诱导小鼠记忆损伤模型。【结果】抗疲劳实验中,与对照组相比,喂食雄海马的小鼠在棒时间显著延长(P<0.05),其血清中乳酸含量显著降低(P<0.05);而喂食雌海马的小鼠在棒时间和血清乳酸含量均无明显改变。乙醇记忆损伤实验中,与对照组相比,模型组小鼠跳下平台的潜伏期显著下降(P<0.01),错误数(次)显著升高(P<0.01);与模型组相比,喂食雄海马的小鼠跳下平台的潜伏期显著升高(P<0.05),错误数(次)显著减少(P<0.05),脑组织中的乙酰胆碱酯酶活性显著降低(P<0.05);而喂食雌海马的小鼠上述指标均无改变。【结论】在增强小鼠抗疲劳能力和改善记忆方面,雄海马的功效显著而雌海马无效。     

枯草芽孢杆菌Bs-1拮抗溶藻弧菌的特性

研究了枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis(Bs-1)抗菌物质产生的特点及培养液的无菌滤液的抗菌谱和理化性质,结果表明Bs-1生长快速,在5h内产生抗菌物质;该物质能抑制多种分离自养殖大海马Odobenus rosmarus肠道和海水的弧菌如溶藻弧菌Vibrio alginolyticus的生长;在一定范围内该物质对热、酸碱、变性剂和蛋白酶均有较好的稳定性。进一步尝试用Bs-1的含菌培养液来控制养殖海水中弧菌的数量,结果表明每升海水中加入4ml培养液(浓度为4×106CFU.ml?1)已能达到较好的抑菌效果;改变海水的pH和盐度,Bs-1培养液仍有较理想的抑菌作用。因此,Bs-1有望开发成良好的益生菌剂。