冬小麦遥感冠层温度监测土壤含水量的试验研究

在冬小麦主要生育期(2002年4月初到5月底),对不灌溉的冬小麦测定了冠层温度、地温、气温以及土壤含水量,计算了冠气温差且分析了冠层温度和冠气温差与不同土层厚度的土壤含水量相关关系。结果表明:14:00的冠层温度能较好地反映20cm土层的土壤含水量变化,但与其它各土层相关性有较大的波动性;14:00的冠气温差能较好地反映40cm以上土层的土壤含水量变化,二者的相关性很高,在20cm、40cm土层,两者相关系数R2分别为0.98866、0.99389,这为用区域遥感数据反演主要生育期冬小麦的冠气温差进而监测区域40cm土壤含水量提供了实验性的依据;拔节期和灌浆期,用14:00冠气温差来拟合各土壤层的土壤含水量有较高的精度,从而为用区域遥感数据监测区域土壤含水量提供了经验性的模型。     

旱作春小麦蒸散量测算方法的比较

采用波文比—能量平衡法和蒸渗计对农田蒸散量进行了为期3a的对比观测试验。结果表明，在半干旱雨养农业区，两者测算的农田蒸散量平均偏差为20％，波文比—能量平衡法计算值大于蒸渗计实测值，基本满足精度要求；无感热平流时两种方法所得蒸散量相关性较有感热平流时的好；在平流逆温状态下采用波文比—能量平衡法的计算误差大于非平流状态下的计算误差；由于蒸渗计隔断了与周围农田的水热交换，导致了蒸渗计测量的蒸散量较采用波文比—能量平衡法的计算值偏低，其偏差大小需要进一步试验确定。     

WOFOST模型对河南省冬小麦模拟的适用性分析

为进一步研究WOFOST模型在河南省冬麦区的适用性,以河南省30个农业气象观测站1991—2014年冬小麦观测资料、历史气象资料和土壤资料为依据,对WOFOST模型进行逐站调参和验证,分别建立了30个站的冬小麦模型参数。其中1991—2010年为模型调参年份,2011—2014年为模型验证年份。各站开花期和成熟期调参模拟的归一化均方根误差NRMSE分别小于5%和3%,验证误差分别为3.7%和2.9%。除潢川和固始外,模型对其余各站产量模拟的归一化均方根误差NRMSE全省各站均小于20.0%,验证误差全省平均为15.2%,大部分站点观测值和模拟值相关系数r通过了显著检验。利用调参后的模型模拟2011—2014年冬小麦生长动态变化可知,模拟地上部总干物重与实测单株干物重、模拟LAI与单株叶面积有较一致的变化趋势,拟合度较高。因此,WOFOST模型对河南省冬小麦主要发育阶段、产量及干物质积累模拟能力较强,具有良好的应用前景。     

冬小麦蒸腾速率在不同土壤水分条件下的修正

为找到不同土壤含水量对蒸腾速率的影响程度,通过对L1-6200便携式作物生理测定仪在不同土壤水分处理下的蒸腾速率观测值与气象条件计算得出的理论值进行比较,确定不同土壤水分条件下的蒸腾速率修正系数.分析发现:①在不同的土壤含水量下,未考虑修正系数的情况时,土壤含水量越小,理论计算误差越大;土壤含水量越大,理论计算误差越小.②土壤含水量小时蒸腾速率计算值的修正系数大,而土壤含水量偏大时修正系数小.③考虑修正系数后,计算误差显著减小,除了土壤含水量为14.89％稍有偏差外,其它土壤含水量状态下的理论计算值非常接近实际观测值.同时验证了不同土壤水分下的修正系数足显著的.     

植被高光谱特征分析及其病害信息提取研究

高光谱(hyperspectral)遥感是20世纪末地球观测系统中最重要的技术突破之一。根据植被高光谱数据的植被冠层光谱反射特征和诊断性光谱吸收特征,利用光谱连续统去除法,探讨光谱一阶微分反射比(FDR)和从连续统去除的光谱吸收特征中获得的波段深度(BD)、连续统去除后微分反射比(CRDR)、波段深度比(BDR)和归一化波段深度指数(NBDI)等光谱特征参量。结合多时相的条锈病小麦PHI航空高光谱影像,分析条锈病对小麦光谱的影响及其光谱特征,并运用光谱特征参量和波谱角制图(SAM)技术监测和识别小麦条锈病。     

陇中黄土高原区旱地春小麦产量对干旱胁迫响应的模拟研究

为进一步探明陇中黄土高原区旱地春小麦产量形成对不同干旱胁迫的响应机制,依据甘肃省定西市安定区凤翔镇安家沟村2016—2018年大田控水试验数据以及定西市安定区1971—2018年气象数据,验证农业生产系统模拟(Agricultural production systems simulation,APSIM)模型模拟不同...     

Effects of Drought on Winter Wheat Yield in North China During 2012-2100

Winter wheat is one of China's most important staple food crops, and its production is strongly influenced by weather, especially droughts. As a result, the impact of drought on the production of winter wheat is associated with the food security of China. Simulations of future climate for scenarios A2 and A1B provided by GFDL_CM2, MPI_ECHAM5, MRI_CGCM2, NCAR_CCSM3, and UKMO_HADCM3 during 2001- 2100 are used to project the influence of drought on winter wheat yields in North China. Winter wheat yields are simulated using the crop model WOFOST (WOrld FOod STudies). Future changes in temperature and precipitation are analyzed. Temperature is projected to increase by 3.9-5.5℃ ? for scenario A2 and by 2.9-5.1℃ ? for scenario A1B, with fairly large interannual variability. Mean precipitation during the growing season is projected to increase by 16.7 and 8.6 mm (10 yr)-1, with spring precipitation increasing by 9.3 and 4.8 mm (10 yr)-1 from 2012-2100 for scenarios A2 and A1B, respectively. For the next 10-30 years (2012- 2040), neither the growing season precipitation nor the spring precipitation over North China is projected to increase by either scenario. Assuming constant winter wheat varieties and agricultural practices, the influence of drought induced by short rain on winter wheat yields in North China is simulated using the WOFOST crop model. The drought index is projected to decrease by 9.7% according to scenario A2 and by 10.3% according to scenario A1B during 2012-2100. This indicates that the drought influence on winter wheat yields may be relieved over that period by projected increases in rain and temperature as well as changes in the growth stage of winter wheat. However, drought may be more severe in the near future, as indicated by the results for the next 10-30 years.     

非充分灌溉制度设计优化模型

研究了缺水地区冬小麦灌溉问题.分析了作物模型,作物水分影响函数,并以农作物产量最大为目标,提出了非充分灌溉制度优化设计二维动态规划模型和相应的动态规划逐次逼近(DPSA)求解方法.针对山东省临沂市小埠东灌区的实际情况进行研究,求得了冬小麦三个典型年不同供水水平的最优灌溉制度、排水过程及相应产量.实例表明,模型及方法是合理的.     

利用NOAA NDVI数据集监测冬小麦生育期的研究

探索了利用NDVI研究作物生育期的方法，对黄淮海冬麦区的返青期、抽穗期、成熟期进行了估测，并利用地面实际观测资料进行了验证。结果表明，NDVI数据对大范围农作物生育期监测是可行的。冬小麦遥感反青期由南到北依次推迟，符合春季绿波由南到北推移规律。对冬小麦遥感生育期年际变化分析表明，黄淮海平原返青期变化相对较大，而抽穗期和成熟期变化较小。根据历年月平均温度与返青期分析，冬小麦返青日期与2月份平均温度密切相关。对于局部地区，利用5d合成1km分辨率数据，且按农业生态分区分别制定生育期判别标准，估测效果将更好。     

Water status in winter wheat grown under salt stress

1 IntroductionSalinization is one of the major problems in arid and semi-arid regions in relation to land use and in particular to agricultural production[1]. Excessive salinity leads to toxicity in crops and reduction of the availability of water to crops, by reducing the osmotic potential of the soil solution[2]. Movement of soil water induces solute transport, and solutes are transferred towards the ground surface by the upward soil-water movement caused by evaporation, resulting in an accu…