水泥偏高岭土复合稳定粉砂土渗透特性试验研究

水泥稳定粉砂土抗渗性能受粉砂土自身渗透性能、水泥用量、水灰比等因素影响显著,如何在提升其抗渗性能的同时降低水泥用量是提升工程经济效益的关键。通过开展不同水泥偏高岭土掺比、初始用水量、水泥偏高岭土总掺量以及养护龄期条件下的室内渗透试验,研究了上述因素对水泥偏高岭土复合稳定粉砂土抗渗性能的影响规律,探讨了上述因素及无侧限抗压强度与渗透系数之间的经验关系。结果表明：水泥与偏高岭土掺比为5:1时,水泥偏高岭土复合稳定粉砂土抗渗性能最佳,且该掺比不随水泥偏高岭土总掺量的改变而变化;水泥偏高岭土复合稳定粉砂土渗透系数随初始用水量增加呈非线性递增,随水泥偏高岭土总掺量增加和养护龄期发展呈先快后慢降低;基于试验结果归纳提出了4个关于初始用水量、水泥偏高岭土总掺量、养护龄期和无侧限抗压强度的水泥偏高岭土复合稳定粉砂土渗透系数经验模型。研究成果可为水泥稳定粉砂土抗渗性能提升提供理论参考与借鉴。     

粉细砂地层防渗帷幕综合施工方法

四川省武都水库右岸EL574 m灌浆平洞揭露出厚度2.3～9.8 m的粉细砂层,普通水泥高压灌浆无法形成可靠的防渗帷幕。采用高压旋喷、湿磨细水泥、化学灌浆的组合处理方式,取得了较好的施工效果。通过钻孔压水、大功率声波CT、单孔声波、钻孔全景数字成像等方法检测,表明达到了设计防渗要求。     

2019/2020年冬季我国暖湿气候特征及成因分析

2019/2020年冬季,我国大部分地区气温显著偏高,降水异常偏多,气候总体表现为“暖湿”的异常特征。异常成因分析表明：2019/2020年东亚冬季风强度较常年同期偏弱,西伯利亚高压异常偏弱,季节内冬季风强度阶段性变化特征显著;北极极涡收缩于极地,强度偏强,AO为异常偏强的正位相,乌拉尔山阻塞高压活动偏弱,东亚槽偏弱,欧亚中高纬以纬向环流为主;西太平洋副热带高压强度偏强、位置偏西偏北,印缅槽阶段性活跃,二者有利于太平洋和印度洋水汽向我国输送。受北半球环流异常的影响,我国冬季出现了“暖湿”的异常特征。进一步对东亚冬季风偏弱的可能原因分析表明：2019年秋冬季赤道中太平洋暖海温发展,2019年10月至2020年1月Ni〖AKn~D〗o3.4指数均大于0.5℃,这种类中部型El Ni〖AKn~D〗o海温异常有利于激发偏强、偏北的西北太平洋反气旋,进而抑制了东亚冬季风的发展和南下;此外,冬季北半球极涡收缩于极地,强度偏强,AO持续异常偏强的正位相,均不利于乌拉尔山阻塞高压的发展,且东亚大槽明显偏弱,共同导致了欧亚中高纬地区以纬向环流为主,东亚冬季风偏弱。     

基于分段函数法计算湿球温度研究

核电厂冷却塔设计气象条件中,湿球温度是重要的设计气象参数之一。近年来,由于实行自动观测,相对湿度值由仪器自动测定,因此不少气象站已经停止了湿球温度的观测,这给电厂气象参数的分析计算造成了一定困难。为此,根据气压分布型特点和分段函数,提出利用干球温度和相对湿度来计算湿球温度的新方法,经河南省郑州、南阳和商丘3站的应用,效果良好。     

Statistical approach to determine the salinized ground water flow path and hydrogeochemical features around the underground LPG cavern,Korea

The ground water flow path of the coastal area in the Yellow Sea, Korea, was interpreted using both the cross‐correlation analysis of hydraulic properties and the principal component analysis (PCA) of ground water chemistry. Data was obtained from observation wells in the underground liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cavern constructed in the coastal area of Pyeongtaek. Cross‐correlation results showed that the operating pressure became more influenced on artificial factors for the variation of the groundwater level of the study area (45–66% of correlation coefficient) even though its affecting area was limited to the region with fractures or faults, and also showed that the delay time from the variation of operating pressure to the fluctuation of ground water level were relatively long periods (28–31 days). Three hydrogeochemical events (encrusted cement dissolution, host rock dissolution, and seawater intrusion), which were dominantly influenced on ground water quality, could be induced from the result of PCA. Quantitative evaluation for these events using the mixed equation with principal component scores suggest that the dissolution of encrusted cement materials was the predominant factor (39·0% of the total mixed proportion) to change the chemical composition of the seepage water during the ground water flow from the observation wells to the cavern. Integration of the statistical results also imply that ground water flow and hydrogeochemistry were predominantly affected by artificial factors such as cavern operation pressure and dissolution of encrusted cement materials, which were interdependent factors on the observation wells with high cross‐correlation coefficients and pH. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

湿浸硫酸镍工艺中的二次浸取

湿法浸取硫酸镍工艺研究中,净化提纯工艺采取了蒸发浓缩浸液、分步沉淀杂质的技术方案。中试表明,采用此种工艺生产效率很低,还导致生产流水线上的设备匹配性差。为此,作者提出了二次浸取的技术方案。实验室及中试试验表明:采用二次浸取工艺替代蒸发浓缩工艺,行之有效。     

GPS/MET水汽反演中T_m模型的本地化研究

利用江西省南昌和赣州两探空站12年(1999—2010年)每日2次(08时和20时)的探空资料,运用最小二乘法建立了江西地区的加权平均温度Tm模型(江西本地化Tm模型)。基于探空资料计算得到的Tm值,对比分析了江西本地化Tm模型、武汉本地化Tm模型和GAMIT默认Tm模型的模拟结果,发现江西本地化Tm模型的模拟效果最好,武汉本地化Tm模型相对较差。利用GAMIT软件,分别采用江西本地化Tm模型、武汉本地化Tm模型和GAMIT默认Tm模型,对2010年1月至2010年12月南昌、赣州等地的GPS大气可降水量进行了解算,并与探空计算的大气可降水量作了对比分析,结果发现采用江西本地化Tm模型后解算得到的GPS大气可降水量精度最高,而采用GAMIT默认Tm模型的精度相对较差。     

西北干旱区夏半年深厚的混合层与干旱气候形成

为了更好地理解西北干旱区大气混合层(ML)厚度的变化特征及其对当地干旱气候形成的影响,我们利用张掖和民勤站夏季及相关月的实测探空资料及T-log P图解法,首先计算了该两地逐日ML厚度,然后分析并讨论了它的时空间变化特征、与干湿天气气候的关系,以及夏半年的深厚ML,对加剧当地干旱气候的影响.结果表明:(1)河西中东部ML厚度的年变化及地区差异明显.冬季最浅薄,夏半年深厚(特别是5、6月),4月及10月分别是ML急剧增厚及变薄的过渡期;同时,更靠近西北干旱区中心的河西西部及北部的ML更深厚.(2)夏季干(湿)天气通过加强(减弱)地气间的感热交换和干对流,而明显影响当地的ML厚度.平均而言,以高温日最深厚,千日次之,小雨日再次之,而中强雨日最浅薄.千年夏季的ML厚度平均比湿年的对应值增厚300 m左右.夏季典型千日的ML厚度比雨日厚3000 m,典型干日的ML厚度昼宿变化不大.(3)反过来夏半年深厚的ML也通过增加雨滴蒸发损耗,减少了干旱区的降水,加剧了当地干旱的程度,因此夏半年深厚的ML也是形成干旱气候背景的成因之一.     

基于螺旋度和非地转湿Q矢量的一次东移高原低涡强降水过程分析

利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料以及常规观测的地面和高空资料,应用螺旋度和非地转湿Q矢量原理,对2000年7月9～15日一例东移高原低涡产生强降水过程进行了天气动力学诊断分析.结果表明:500 bPa z-螺旋度水平分布对低涡中心的移动、降水落区和强降水中心的分布具有较好指示性,强降水中心发生在500 hPa z-螺旋度梯度值最大的区域.z-螺旋度分布能较好地反映暴雨发生时大气的动力学特征,暴雨区上空,高层负涡度辐散与低层正涡度辐合相配合,是触发暴雨的动力机制.相对螺旋度更能全面地反映降水落区及降水中心分布情况,并对未来6 h后的降水落区及走向具有较好的预报性,强降水中心发生在相对螺旋度正、负中心连线梯度最大值的正值一侧.低层非地转湿Q矢量散度的辐合区与降水区相对应,辐合中心与强降水中心基本吻合,是降水落区定性诊断分析的有力工具;湿Q矢量散度的垂直分布对未来6 h降水的落区和移动预报提供了很好的参考信息.     

Kinetics of fine wet grinding of zeolite in a steel ball mill in comparison to dry grinding

Batch wet grinding of zeolite was studied with emphasis on a kinetic study in a laboratory size steel ball mill of 200 mm diameter. The breakage parameters were determined by using the single sized feed fractions of − 850 + 600 µm, − 600 + 425 µm and − 425 + 300 µm for the zeolite samples. The S_i (specific rate of breakage) and B_i,j (primary breakage distribution) values were obtained for those feed size fractions in order to predict the product size distributions by simulation for comparison to the experimental data. The specific rates of breakage values for wet grinding in the first-order breakage region were higher than the dry values reported previously by a factor 1.7 at the same experimental conditions, but the primary breakage distribution (B_i,j) values were approximately the same. The simulations of the product size distributions of zeolite were in good agreement with the experimental data using a standard ball mill simulation program. The wet grinding of zeolite was subjected to slowing-down effect in the mill at 2 min of grinding, corresponding to an 80% passing size of about 400 µm. On the other hand, the slowing down effect in the dry grinding of zeolite was also seen at 4 min of grinding. In addition, effects of some operational parameters on dry and wet grinding of zeolite were determined by simulation using the breakage parameters obtained experimentally.