新疆博格达白杨沟的枕状熔岩：岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征

新疆博格达造山带北段东侧白杨沟地区分布有大面积的晚石炭世至早二叠世的火山岩,岩石主要由亚碱性玄武岩和安山岩组成,其中分布有大量保存极好的枕状熔岩。枕状熔岩主要为基性熔岩,SiO2含量50.17%～54.66%,Al2O3为13.10%～16.44%,MgO为4.62%～7.89%,TiO2为1.23%～2.79%,CaO为7.06%～13.07%,Na2O为2.76%～4.99%,K2O为0.07%～0.82%。基性熔岩的大离子亲石元素(LILE)一组为富集如Rb和Ba,另一组相对亏损;高场强元素(HFSE)如Nb和Ta在N-MORB标准化图解上都具有明显的负异常。熔岩的稀土元素在球粒陨石标准化配分图解中表现为总体平坦,轻稀土元素(LREE)轻微富集的右倾曲线,δEu为0.89～1.12。从Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成来看,εNd(t)为+2.8～+3.1,143Nd/144Nd(i)为0.512407～0.512422,εSr(t)为-14.0～-17.5、87Sr/86Sr(i)为0.70293～0.70317、206Pb/204Pb(i)为17.622～17.835、207Pb/204Pb(i)为15.3...     

Northward cooling of the Kuncha nappe and downward heating of the Lesser Himalayan autochthon distributed to the south of Mt. Annapurna,western central Nepal

We investigated the tectonothermal history of the Lesser Himalayan sediments (LHS), which are tectonically overlain by the Higher Himalayan Crystalline. Fission‐track dating and the track length measurement of detrital zircons obtained from the Kuncha nappe and the Lesser Himalayan autochthonous sediments in western central Nepal revealed northward cooling of the nappe and possible downward heating of the autochthon by the overlying hot nappe. Nine zircon fission‐track (ZFT) ages of the nappe showed northward‐younging linear distribution from 11.6 Ma in the front at Tamghas, 6 Ma in the central at Naudanda, and 1.6 Ma in the northernmost point at Tatopani. Thermochronological invert calculation of the ZFT length elucidated that the Kuncha nappe gradually cooled down (30 °C/Myr) at the front and rapidly cooled down (120 °C/Myr) at the root zone. In contrast, the ZFT age of the Chappani Formation, located just beneath the Kuncha nappe in the central part, demonstrated a totally reset age of 6.8 Ma, whereas the Virkot Formation, structurally far from the nappe, yielded a partially reset age of 457.3 Ma. This suggests that the LHS underwent downward heating, resulting in a thermal print on the upper part of the LHS; however, the thermal effect was not sufficient to anneal ZFT totally in the deeper part. Presently, the nappe cover is eroded and denuded from this area. Detrital zircons from the Chappani Formation in Tansen area to the south of the Bari Gad Fault did not show any evidence of annealing, suggesting that nappe never covered the LHS distributed to the south of the fault.     

雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩的形成与日喀则弧前盆地沉积演化

雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩被时代连续的日喀则群沉积覆盖及其形成时代(120-110Ma)与冈底斯弧开始发育的时代(115-100Ma)十分相近的事实使人们有理由提出:雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩是否代表着印度板块与拉萨地块间的特提斯-喜玛拉雅洋残迹的疑问。根据近期的研究,笔者认为雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩不是形成于三叠纪的特提斯-喜玛拉雅洋的残迹,而是特提斯-喜玛拉雅洋向拉萨地块俯冲的初期(阿普第-阿尔必期),由俯冲作用在冈底斯弧前地区引发的海底扩张作用形成的一种俯冲带上叠型蛇绿岩(supra-subduction zone ophiolites).至森诺曼期,弧前海底扩张作用停止,雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩开始向南仰冲,在其南侧形成增生杂岩楔。仰起的蛇绿岩开始向日喀则弧前盆地提供蛇绿质碎屑,如冲堆组。森诺曼期-土仑期,盆地接受了一套深水复理石沉积,沉积物源部分来自南部边缘脊的蛇绿质碎屑,而大部分则来自北侧的弧火山岩和岩浆岩碎屑。森诺期-路坦丁期,盆地逐渐变浅,接受了浅海-滨海沉积,物源均来自北部的岩浆弧。至始新世末期,发育在盆地南侧的增生杂岩楔与印度板块发生碰撞,日喀则弧前盆地闭合。     

华南6月持续性致洪暴雨与孟加拉湾对流异常活跃的关系

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析逐日及逐月资料、NOAA卫星观测的向外长波辐射（Outgoing Long-wave Radiation,OLR）资料、我国160站月降水资料及华南45站逐日降水资料,分析了2005年6月华南持续性致洪暴雨的发生与孟加拉湾对流异常活跃及西太平洋副热带高压演变的关系,并对华南6月有无持续性大范围暴雨年进行合成分析,结果表明华南持续性大范围暴雨发生的年份,孟加拉湾对流相对活跃,西太平洋副高强度偏强、位置偏西;反之亦然。华南6月持续性大范围暴雨发生前,孟加拉湾对流经历了一次活跃过程,同时西太平洋副高也明显经历了一次增强西伸过程。孟加拉湾对流活跃可能通过东西向垂直环流诱使西太平洋副高增强西伸,从而对华南暴雨的形成产生影响。     

塔里木盆地中高氮天然气的成因及其与天然气聚集的关系

塔里木盆地塔北和塔中地区的海相腐泥型天然气,N2含量较高,尤其是湿气,N2含量分布在10.1％～36.2％,而干气的N2含量则低于10％,即湿气的N2含量高于干气的N2含量。同是下古生界寒武－奥陶系来源的海相腐泥型天然气,为什么湿气和干气的氮气含量相差如此之大?根据与氮气相伴生的烃类气体、非烃气体及稀有气体的组份及同位素特征,认为塔里木盆地的中高氮天然气属于有机成因,来源于下古生界海相烃源岩。文章还提出塔北和塔中地区湿气和干气N2含量差异与源岩的演化程度和圈闭的捕获条件有关。     

乌尔逊凹陷下白垩统层序地层研究

以构造层序地层学分析为主线,从断陷盆地结构和古地貌的区域变化分析着手,利用地质、地球物理数据对乌尔逊凹陷下白垩统主要含油层段铜钵庙组、南屯组、大一段进行了层序地层研究。在识别了5个等时层序界面及区域钻井剖面对比基础之上,建立了该区目的层段层序地层格架。研究结果表明：凹陷沉积充填以及层序形成与构造演化相对应,具有阶段性。...     

Mesoproterozoic diamondiferous ultramafic pipes at Majhgawan and Hinota, Panna area, central India: Key to the nature of sub-continental lithospheric mantle beneath the Vindhyan basin

Amongst all the perceptible igneous manifestations (volcanic tuffs and agglomerates, minor rhyolitic flows and andesites, dolerite dykes and sills near the basin margins, etc.) in the Vindhyan basin, the two Mesoproterozoic diamondiferous ultramafic pipes intruding the Kaimur Group of sediments at Majhgawan and Hinota in the Panna area are not only the most conspicuous but also well-known and have relatively deeper mantle origin. Hence, these pipes constitute the only yet available ‘direct’ mantle samples from this region and their petrology, geochemistry and isotope systematics are of profound significance in understanding the nature of the sub-continental lithospheric mantle beneath the Vindhyan basin. Their emplacement age (∼ 1100 Ma) also constitutes the only reliable minimum age constrain on the Lower Vindhyan Group of rocks. The Majhgawan and Hinota pipes share the petrological, geochemical and isotope characteristics of kimberlite, orangeite (Group II kimberlite) and lamproite and hence are recognised as belonging to a ‘transitional kimberlite-orangeite-lamproite’ rock type. The namemajhagwanite has been proposed by this author to distinguish them from other primary diamond source rocks. The parent magma of the Majhgawan and Hinota pipes is envisaged to have been derived by very small (<1%) degrees of partial melting of a phlogopite-garnet lherzolite source (rich in titanium and barium) that has been previously subjected to an episode of initial depletion (extensive melting during continent formation) and subsequent metasomatism (enrichment). There is absence of any subduction-related characteristics, such as large negative anomalies at Ta and Nb, and therefore, the source enrichment (metasomatism) of both these pipes is attributed to the volatile- and K-rich, extremely low-viscosity melts that leak continuously to semi-continuously from the asthenosphere and accumulate in the overlying lithosphere. Lithospheric/crustal extension, rather than decompression melting induced by a mantle plume, is favoured as the cause of melting of the source regions of Majhgawan and Hinota pipes. This paper is a review of the critical evaluation of the published work on these pipes based on contemporary knowledge derived from similar occurrences elsewhere.     

莺歌海盆地乐东地区石英裂隙内流体包裹体特征及其对天然气成藏制约

莺歌海盆地乐东地区是我国典型高温超压天然气勘探领域,其关键储层黄流组砂岩以天然气富含CO₂为特征,对其中石英颗粒内裂隙包裹体的研究能为CO₂来源和天然气成藏信息提供重要线索。本文通过对黄流组砂岩石英颗粒内包裹体进行岩相学、显微测温与激光拉曼分析,结果表明黄流组砂岩石英颗粒内正常捕获流体包裹体均一温度主要分布在155~165益与170~180益两个温度区间,流体包裹体成分为CO₂（气）和H₂O（液）两种或CO₂（气）和CO₂（液）、H₂O（液）三种。这些特征表明乐东地区黄流组至少经历两期富含CO₂的热液活动,记录了埋藏晚期无机CO₂在火山活动或深大断裂发育期充注成藏的信息。     

内陆盆地的盐分布与平衡分析研究

在总结已有研究成果和系统分析水文、土壤、灌溉、水盐监测资料的基础上,应用系统分析方法、水盐运移理论和水盐平衡原理,通过对盆地、流域、灌区、农田和土壤剖面等不同层次盐分分布与盐平衡分析计算,分析了内陆盆地不同层次的“干排盐”形成与特征,认为干排盐是必不可少的,必须系统地考虑不同层次干排盐出路与动力条件,才能有效地治理灌区盐渍化问题。     

鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系含水层沉积学初探

“含水层沉积学”是沉积学、水文地质学、油气储层地质学、地球化学等相互交叉综合的产物,是以沉积学、水文地质学理论为基础,以沉积含水层为主要研究对象,以查明地下水赋存和循环条件、地下水系统结构特征、地下水水质成因与分布以及地下水富集规律为主要研究内容,最终服务于地下水资源勘查评价的一门边缘分支学科。含水层沉积学及水文地质综合研究表明,受到沉积相类型及其空间展布的明显控制,鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系地下水赋存、循环、富集条件以及地下水水质分布总体具有北好南差、盆地南部具有下好上差的宏观规律。