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Impact of the eastern water diversion from the south to the north project on the saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary in China

The south to the north project(WDP) on the saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary is studied by the improved three-dimensional(3D) numerical model.The net unit width flux in the Changjiang Estuary as well as the sectional salt flux is calculated in the North Branch(NB),the South Branch(SB),the North Channel(NC),the South Channel(SC),the North Passage(NP) and the South Passage(SP),respectively.The net seaward water flux in the SB is reduced,and the net water flux spilling over from the NB to the SB is enhanced after the eastern WDP.Under the mean river discharge condition in the dry season,the net salt flux spilling over from the NB to the SB is increased by 2.09 t/s and 0.52 t/s during the spring and neap tides,respectively,due to the eastern WDP.The saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary is enhanced by the eastern WDP.Compared with that during the spring tide,the net water diversion ratio during the neap tide in the NC is smaller,and thus the enhancement of the saltwater intrusion by the eastern WDP is smaller in the NC,and larger in the NP and the SP.The tidally averaged surface salinity at the water intakes of the Dongfengxisha Reservoir,the Chenhang Reservoir and the Qingcaosha Reservoir rises both during the spring and neap tides.     

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城市水系改造对城市旅游发展的影响探析——以桂林两江四湖工程为例

在介绍桂林环城水系改造工程的基础上,主要分析了两江四湖工程对桂林城市旅游发展的积极影响,得出以下结论：桂林环城水系改造使桂林总体形象和城市旅游知名度得到提升;城市旅游设施尤其是市内旅游交通得到完善;城市旅游产品结构更新,产品内容丰富多彩;城市旅游环境显著改善;旅游效益优化,增幅明显;文化旅游资源得到有效的保护和开发。同时指出城市水系改造必须走科学之路,要关注城市水系改造对城市旅游发展产生的负面影响。     

Failure deconstructed: Histories and geographies of soldier settlement in New Zealand circa 1917–39

Abstract:  The New Zealand discharged soldier settlement scheme of the 1920s has been much criticized as being a failure. This paper draws on the existing literature and new case study research to break open 'failure' as an undifferentiated term and proposes that it was of three different types relating to what was termed the 'personal equation', to debt levels and to broader structural adjustment problems in farming. Each operated at differing scales. This is incorporated into a typology of failure and is put forward as basis for further research.     

中国地震科学技术发展战略的几点思考

地震科学是一门观测科学,地震科学的发展依赖于技术的进步和基础数据的积累,需要国家多渠道财政长期支持。     

隐蔽油气藏研究的难点和前沿

隐蔽油气藏已成为中国油气勘探的主要领域之一。随着勘探程度的提高,隐蔽油气藏勘探向复杂条件拓展,深层隐蔽油气藏发育与保存、不整合面结构与隐蔽油气藏分布、调整改造型隐蔽油气藏形成和保存机理成为隐蔽油气藏勘探和成藏机理研究的难点和前沿。深部存在活跃源岩和具有较高孔隙度和渗透率的储层是深层隐蔽油气藏成藏的基础。超压环境生烃作用动力学的研究进展提高了预测深层源岩生烃潜力的能力,已知的深层高孔隙度储层保存机理可成为预测深部储层孔渗条件的基础。不整合面结构特别是古土壤层的厚度及封闭能力、古土壤层之下半风化岩层的厚度及渗透率是研究与不整合面有关的隐蔽油气藏的关键。由于多期构造叠加、多期生烃和多期成藏,叠合盆地很多隐蔽油气藏经历了不同程度的调整改造,形成有成因联系的一系列调整改造型隐蔽油气藏,研究晚期构造与早期构造的叠加方式是预测调整改造型隐蔽油气藏的基础。准噶尔盆地中部,隐蔽油气藏同时具有埋藏深、不整合面结构复杂、多期成藏多期调整改造的特点,是建立复杂隐蔽油气藏成藏与勘探理论的天然实验室。     

RICE PRODUCER‐PROCESSOR NETWORKS IN CÔTE D'IVOIRE*

ABSTRACT. Pressured by structural adjustment loan conditions, Côte d'Ivoire reduced state support for rice production and processing during the 1990s. In this article we examine how various actors in the rice commodity chain adapted to the macroeconomic reforms. Following a brief history of the rice sector, we present the results of fieldwork based on interviews conducted in 2002 of farmers, millers, traders, and workers in the state extension service and nongovernmental organizations. We found that, in the absence of state supports for farmers, private millers became the focal point of regional producer‐processor rice networks. The four networks identified became the sole source of domestic commercial rice when the state removed subsidies for fertilizer and modern seeds, privatized extension, and liberalized prices and imports. To increase their role in the national rice supply, the rice networks may need support through microlending and a focus on niche markets.     

塔里木河下游生态输水后衰败胡杨林更新能力与条件分析

对塔里木河下游3个样区生态输水后不同样地0—100 cm深土层中胡杨水平根系分布、繁殖更新能力、地下水位变化及成片胡杨林更新所具备的条件调查分析,结果表明：长期断流后,在低地下水位胁迫下胡杨0—100 cm的浅层水平根系发育严重受阻或萎缩消失,萌蘖能力微弱或消失。在距河道边50 m区域内,土层50—100 cm以下有较多的水平根系分布,生态输水后浅层根系具备萌蘖能力;距河道边50～150 m的范围胡杨浅层根系数量减少,分布深度下移,活力降低,实施萌蘖更新有一定的风险,而且随着与断流源区（大西海子水库）距离的增加,风险增大;距河道边250 m以上的区域胡杨水平根系很少,现阶段已基本上失去萌蘖更新的基础条件。胡杨集中分布区地表微地形复杂,大面积地表引流灌溉难度大,使得依靠种子和断根萌蘖实现更新十分困难。