井水位对气压响应的滞后及其机理

通过井口空气压力变化对井水位影响的试验,分析了井水位对空气压力变化响应幅度和滞后时间,认为在相同的井口空气压差情况下,压力变化周期越大,井水位响应幅度也越大,而位相滞后越小。水平层状承压含水层的理论研究表明,井水位对气压响应的滞后时间主要取决于含水层的导水系数和气压变化的周期,这两种参数越大,则滞后时间越小。因此,井水位对气压响应的滞后是由于水压井孔与含水层间渗流需要一定时间造成的,而不是由于地面气压传递到含水层时产生衰减和滞后引起的。     

自动气象站采集器通道及合成误差分析

数据采集器通道误差是自动气象站观测系统误差来源的重要组成部分,直接影响自动站各要素观测数据的准确性,其与温、湿、压、风等各气象要素传感器误差的合成构成了自动气象站误差。在稳定的实验室环境条件下,利用高精度测量仪表,通过对多台CAWS600型采集器进行精确测量,得到自动站采集器各气象要素通道误差的校准数据。对温、湿、压、风等要素的自动测量系统(传感器和采集器)误差分析结果表明,自动站误差等于传感器误差与采集器通道误差之和。此外,采集器各主要通道的误差存在一定的分布规律:有10台采集器气温通道误差≤0.1℃,主要分布在-0.1~0.1℃,所占比例为77%;有3台采集器通道误差0.15℃而≤0.20℃,所占比例为23%。在600-1090 h Pa量程内,气压通道误差主要分布在-0.10~0.10 h Pa;风向、湿度通道误差较小,误差值相近,方向较一致,风向通道误差≤1°,湿度通道误差≤1%。     

基于生成对抗网络的音乐标签自动标注

针对如何快速有效地对音乐信息进行查询、检索和组织的问题,提出了一种基于生成对抗网络模型的多标签音乐自动标注系统.通过音乐自动语义标注技术,可以提高音乐检索系统的性能.利用LDA方法对音乐标签进行聚类以获取主题类别,再通过生成对抗网络,找到音乐的音频特征与语义特征之间的映射关系.应用于CAL500数据集的5次交叉验证实验结果表明,该方法的综合性能指标与现有方法相比有较大的提升.     

COMPARISON OF PERSIANN AND TMPA DAILY PRECIPITATION ESTIMATES OVER HUNAN PROVINCE OF CHINA

This study presented a detailed comparison of daily precipitation estimates from Precipitation Estimation from Remote Sensing Information using Artificial Neural Network (PERSIANN) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi -satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) over Hunan province of China from 1998 to 2014. The ground gauge observations are taken as the reference. It is found that overall TMPA clearly outperforms PERSIANN, indicating by better statistical metrics (including correlation coefficient, root mean square error and relative bias). For the geospatial pattern, although both products are able to capture the major precipitation features (e.g., precipitation geospatial homogeneity) in Hunan, yet PERSIANN largely underestimates the precipitation intensity throughout all seasons. In contrast, there is no clear bias tendency from TMPA estimates. Precipitation intensity analysis showed that both the occurrence and amount histograms from TMPA are closer to the gauge observations from spring to autumn. However, in the winter season PERSIANN is closer to gauge observation, which is likely due to the ground contamination from the passive microwave sensors used by TMPA.     

Increasing China’s Agricultural Labor Productivity: Comparison and Policy Implications from Major Agrarian Countries

China’s low agricultural labor productivity has become the key weakness of its agricultural competitiveness and sustainable development, and strategies for improving China’s agricultural labor productivity lack clear and consistent theory and empirical support. To address this issue, the current study uses the methods of convergence index, correlation coefficient, and nonparametric test, to analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of agricultural labor productivity among 32 major agrarian countries during 1961-2013. This analysis shows that the development gap among countries has been narrowing. The USA takes the leading position among all the countries, while some countries with scarce land like Japan have succeeded in achieving transcendence, and other countries like India have experienced relatively slow speed. The agricultural labor productivity is significantly driven by agricultural labor surplus, agricultural product processing, and agricultural industrial structure. The effects of land resource endowment, agricultural mechanization, and biochemical inputs have been declining and in some cases are no longer even significant. It is therefore necessary to shift attention to marketization, diversification, and high quality, instead of the former focus on agricultural intensification, concentration and large-scale operations, and this shift is probably more closely aligned with current practices. There are more people and less land in China, and the agricultural labor force in China still accounts for nearly 30% of the total population. Considering these national conditions, it is very important to simultaneously improve the efficiency of agricultural production of small farmers and promote the successful urbanization of the agricultural labor force. In the medium and long term, it is imperative to improve the competitiveness of Chinese agriculture by adopting related policy arrangements such as induced agricultural technological innovation, production factor substitution, and multifunctional agriculture development.     

Where Should the Start Zone Be Located for Xiong’an New Area? A Land Use Perspective

China announced plans on April 1, 2017 to create Xiong’an New Area, a new economic zone about 110 km southwest of Beijing. The new area of national significance covers the three counties of Xiongxian, Rongcheng and Anxin in Hebei Province, and is home to Baiyangdian, a major wetland in northern China. It will cover around 100 km² initially (called “Starting Zone”) and will be expanded to 200 km² in the mid-term and about 2000 km² in the long term. In this context, it is important to assess the land use pattern for the new area’s planning and development. Based on remote sensing interpretation of Landsat OLI images, we examine the current land use features, the potential for built-up land saving and intensive use, and the spatial variation of arable land quality. The results indicate that the arable lands, built-up lands and wetlands account for around 60%, 20% and 10%, respectively. The potential for rural built-up land saving and intensive use is quite large. The arable land quality and use intensity in Rongcheng and Anxin counties are much better than that of Xiongxian. The pros and cons for three potential options for the Starting Zone are listed and compared. The eastern area of Rongcheng county, to the north of Baiyangdian, is believed to be the most suitable Starting Zone. Policy recommendations for built-up land expansion, farmland saving and flood risk mitigation for Xiong’an New Area are also proposed in this paper.     

典型北斗低成本导航型与测量型终端定位性能初步对比分析

基于不同类型北斗终端的共天线零基线实测数据,从伪距标准单点定位、单频伪距相对定位以及单历元单频载波相位相对定位等方面,比较一款典型低成本导航型北斗终端与一款典型高性能测量型北斗终端的定位性能差异。结果表明,导航型北斗终端相比于测量型终端,其伪距单点定位和伪距相对定位的精度稍差,但载波相位相对定位精度差距十分明显,无法实现cm级的定位。     

一种基于FY3D/MERSI2的AOD遥感反演方法

针对目前国产卫星对气溶胶遥感监测应用较少的情况,本研究综合暗象元和SARA算法优势,基于FY-3D MERSI2数据构建了一套气溶胶光学厚度(Aerial Optical Depth, AOD)快速遥感反演方法。首先,引入了传统暗象元算法中的地表反射率经验关系,然后利用AERONET长时间序列的地基观测数据,构建了红波段和蓝波段气溶胶光学厚度、不对称因子和单次散射率之间的关系,最后利用MOD04和AERONET的AOD产品对研究反演结果进行了验证和评估分析。结果发现：① 本研究反演的AOD不仅保持了与MODIS的气溶胶产品空间分布的一致性,而且合理地呈现了AOD的高值分布,改进了MOD04气溶胶产品在云和亮目标方面反演缺失问题;② 利用AERONET地基观测结果对本研究获取的MERSI2的AOD反演结果进行了对比分析,发现二者具有较高的线性相关性,蓝波段AOD线性相关系数超过0.85;③ 利用MERSI2数据完整地捕捉到了2018年3月9—14日京津冀及周边区域的一次重污染过程中气溶胶时空分布变化情况,这也说明了FY3D卫星具备良好的气溶胶遥感监测能力,为我国灰霾监测和预警提供参考依据。本研究对大力发展国产卫星在大气环境遥感的应用有重要参考意义。     

PSZJ-1型声波全波列测井仪在固井质量检测中应用

PSZJ-1声波全波列测井仪是煤炭系统首台小口径固井质量检查测井仪器,可用于测量自然伽马、套管接箍、声波时差、声幅、声波全波列五种参数。在固井质量检查测井时,根据声幅测井曲线的高（〉90%）和低（〈10%）以及声波变密度测井图上有无波形或波形的规则程度,可有效检查水泥环胶结质量,评价第一界面和第二界面的胶结情况。二个实例表明该仪器在固井质量检测中具有较好的应用效果。     

浅谈煤层气测井技术

目前用于煤层气测井的主要设备有美国蒙特系列Ⅲ数字测井仪、渭南煤矿专用设备厂TYSC型和北京中地英捷物探仪器研究所PSJ-2型数字测井仪系统。煤层气裸眼井常测的参数有自然伽马、长短源距人工伽马、自然电位、双侧向、双井径、声波、补偿中子、井温、井斜等,而固井质量检查测井则用自然伽马、声幅、声波变密度和磁定位等方法。受井径过大的影响,密度三侧向测井、声速和补偿中子测井会存在较大误差。另外《煤层气测井作业规程》是单一企业标准,其中有些规定在实际执行过程中存在诸多问题,需在实践中进行修正。