Analytical evaluation of the relativistic thermodynamic functions using binomial expansion theorem and incomplete Gamma functions

A simple evaluation algorithm for calculation of the fermions and bosons relativistic thermodynamic functions with high accuracy is presented. This method is based on the use of the binomial expansion theorems and incomplete Gamma functions. The importance of this result is that it enables a series analytical formula to determine the thermodynamic functions of fermions and bosons in cases of degeneracy and relativity. The formulas obtained are numerically stable for ψ < 0. Examples of comparative calculations are given. Numerical results verify the effectiveness of the present approach and they are in good agreement with literature.     

基于L1范数的波阻抗反演

提出了一种新的波阻抗反演方法,首先根据地下反射系数序列是一个稀疏脉冲序列这一假设,将地震波阻抗反演中的目标函数表示为L1范数约束下的L1范数优化问题,并将L1范数用一个平滑函数来近似,从而使得目标函数函数可微。然后将L1范数约束下的基追踪问题转化为无约束最优化问题,并利用基于导数的局部优化方法求解无约束优化问题,求得反射系数,进而计算得到波阻抗。模型和实际资料计算结果均表明该方法可行。     

基于分级加权法的城镇垃圾填埋场选址评价

城镇垃圾填埋场场址选择受经济、交通、气候、自然地理、环境保护、水文工程地质等诸多因素影响,是一项十分复杂的工程。结合环巢湖地区的实际情况,筛选各影响因子,最终确定符合该地区的评价体系。利用分级加权法进行垃圾填埋场选址评价,将研究区依次划分为适宜区、较适宜区、适宜性差区。根据已有规范对填埋场分区结果的验证,评估方法可行,评价结果合理,为安徽环巢湖地区垃圾填埋场选址提供了可靠的地学依据。     

Cotton canopy reflectance under variable solar zenith angles: Implications of use in evapotranspiration models

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important parameter in hydrologic processes and modelling. In agricultural watersheds with competing uses of fresh water including irrigated agriculture, estimating crop evapotranspiration (ET_c) accurately is critical for improving irrigation system and basin water management. The use of remote sensing-based basal crop coefficients is becoming a common method for estimating crop evapotranspiration for multiple crops over large areas. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), based on reflectance in the red and near-infrared bands, are commonly used for this purpose. In this paper, we examine the effects of row crop orientation and soil background darkening due to shading and soil surface wetness on these two vegetation indices through modelling, coupled with a field experiment where canopy reflectance of a cotton crop at different solar zenith angles, was measured with a portable radiometer. The results show that the NDVI is significantly more affected than the SAVI by background shading and soil surface wetness, especially in north–south oriented rows at higher latitudes and could lead to a potential overestimation of crop evapotranspiration and irrigation water demand if used for basal crop coefficient estimation. Relationships between the analysed vegetation indices and canopy biophysical parameters such as crop height, fraction of cover and leaf area index also were developed for both indices.     

基于距离权重的分块MASK匀光算法

匀光处理是遥感影像处理中十分重要的一个步骤,现有的MASK匀光算法对消除影像内部光照不均匀现象有较好的效果。但是,MASK算法仍具有一定的局限性,如高斯滤波器最佳尺寸的选择问题,匀光后影像依然存在反差分布不一致问题。针对这些问题,本文提出了一种基于距离权重的分块MASK匀光算法。通过实验,与传统MASK算法进行对比分析,证明本方法得到的结果影像质量更好,反差也趋于一致。     

长江中下游浅水湖泊悬浮颗粒物吸收系数测定方法探讨

对两种水体悬浮颗粒物吸收系数测定方法及相关计算进行对比研究.通过长江中下游湖泊典型藻类的实验室培养,利用T方法和T-R方法分别对藻类颗粒物、藻类泥沙混合悬浊液进行吸收系数测定.通过颗粒物光谱吸收系数与叶绿素a之间的相关性关系,对比了两种方法的测量稳定性.通过对不同比例的藻类和无机悬浮颗粒物(ISS)的混合悬浊液进行分析,获得了不同浊度水体悬浮物吸收光谱的变化情况.结果表明,在纯藻或者泥沙含量较少的水体进行颗粒物吸收系数光谱测定时,T方法和T-R方法均可以采用,并且均具有较高的测定精度.然而,在泥沙含量相对较高的浑浊水体,应尽量选取T-R方法进行颗粒物吸收光谱的测定,以提高测定精度.长江中下游浅水湖泊由于底泥易受风浪影响发生再悬浮,因此在颗粒物吸收系数光谱测定中,当水体中ISS含量超过30 mg/L时,应选择T-R方法.     

Seismic amplitude inversion for the transversely isotropic media with vertical axis of symmetry

Transverse isotropy with a vertical axis of symmetry is a common form of anisotropy in sedimentary basins, and it has a significant influence on the seismic amplitude variation with offset. Although exact solutions and approximations of the PP-wave reflection coefficient for the transversely isotropic media with vertical axis of symmetry have been explicitly studied, it is difficult to apply these equations to amplitude inversion, because more than three parameters need to be estimated, and such an inverse problem is highly ill-posed. In this paper, we propose a seismic amplitude inversion method for the transversely isotropic media with a vertical axis of symmetry based on a modified approximation of the reflection coefficient. This new approximation consists of only three model parameters: attribute A, the impedance (vertical phase velocity multiplied by bulk density); attribute B, shear modulus proportional to an anellipticity parameter (Thomsen's parameter ε−δ); and attribute C, the approximate horizontal P-wave phase velocity, which can be well estimated by using a Bayesian-framework-based inversion method. Using numerical tests we show that the derived approximation has similar accuracy to the existing linear approximation and much higher accuracy than isotropic approximations, especially at large angles of incidence and for strong anisotropy. The new inversion method is validated by using both synthetic data and field seismic data. We show that the inverted attributes are robust for shale-gas reservoir characterization: the shale formation can be discriminated from surrounding formations by using the crossplot of the attributes A and C, and then the gas-bearing shale can be identified through the combination of the attributes A and B. We then propose a rock-physics-based method and a stepwise-inversion-based method to estimate the P-wave anisotropy parameter (Thomsen's parameter ε). The latter is more suitable when subsurface media are strongly heterogeneous. The stepwise inversion produces a stable and accurate Thomsen's parameter ε, which is proved by using both synthetic and field data.     

基于高斯距离加权格网法研究华北地区地壳形变特征

分析了高斯距离加权格网法计算应变率的原理和特征,研制了相应的计算程序,并用于华北地区现今地壳应变特征研究。基于华北地区1999～2009年的GPS观测结果,研究了确定高斯平滑半径的原则和方法,并给出华北地区地壳形变多个应变率物理量的分布。结果表明,基于150 km高斯平滑半径计算水平速度梯度能够较好地分辨华北地区的应变率空间变化特征,首都圈地区地壳以张渤带上的左旋剪切为主,其中唐山-秦皇岛地区同时存在南北向的拉张变形;山西带整体表现为沿断裂的右旋剪切变形,同时兼具“南挤北张”特性;郯庐断裂带整体形变特征不显著,在南北两端局部区域存在较小的剪切形变;鄂尔多斯块体内部比较稳定,北缘以拉张和左旋剪切变形为主,西缘表现为左旋剪切以及EW向的挤压特征,南缘的秦岭块体南北两侧分别具有左旋剪切和右旋剪切的特性,东西两侧分别表现为正断拉张与逆断挤压特征。     

证据权重法在黑龙江省伊春地区铅锌矿成矿预测中的应用

伊春地区为黑龙江省重要的铅锌矿集区,矽卡岩型铅锌矿成矿地质条件优越。在成矿条件分析的基础上,借助GIS平台,应用证据权重法优选了地质、物探、化探、遥感等方面的15个证据层,划分了三级远景区,共圈定77处远景区。其中,81.08%的已知矿床(点)位于远景区内,表明本次预测结果较为可靠;54处远景区尚未发现铅锌矿床,其与已知矿床具有相似的成矿条件,有望取得找矿突破,在后续勘查工作中应给予足够的重视。     

水平单轴应力与横波反射系数

地球物理勘探中,地下应力的估测是非常重要的.本文利用应力诱导的弱各向异性的各向异性参数,借助已有的具有水平对称轴横向各向同性介质顾及高阶小量的横波反射系数近似公式,针对下介质为各向同性受单轴应力作用情况随应力的增加求取应力精度降低的问题,从横波反射系数近似公式的推导出发,联合SH波与SV波反射系数给出新的改进的单轴应力与横波反射系数的直观表达式;计算并对比了受单轴应力作用的各向同性介质的横波近似和严格的反射系数,并利用理论得到的横波反射系数对应力进行了估值.结果表明,利用改进后横波反射系数与应力的直观表达式,当应力增加时,应力估值精度有了明显的改善,这为利用横波反射数据直观估测应力提供理论依据.