大连城市绿地可达性对房价影响的差异性分析

研究房价、遥感影像等多源数据,采用邻域分析法和地理加权回归模型分析大连市中山区绿地可达性及其与房价之间的空间相关性。结果表明：① 房价均价14 745.35元/m²,呈环状分布,由沿海向内陆衰减、桂林街道起中心向外围递减;② 研究区内可达性最好的绿地类型是街旁绿地,绿地可达性总体水平最高街道是桂林街道;公园绿地可达性最好的住宅区分布在昆明街道和桃源街道,街旁绿地可达性最好的住宅区分布在桂林街道,附属绿地可达性最好的分布在老虎滩街道,其他绿地可达性最好的分布在桃源街道。③ 不同类型绿地可达性对房价影响作用程度递减排序为：附属绿地、街旁绿地、公园绿地和其他绿地;附属绿地、街旁绿地和其他绿地与房价呈现空间正相关,随着到达绿地距离降低,房价呈现增长趋势;公园绿地与房价呈现负相关,随着到达公园绿地的距离降低,房价呈现衰减趋势。     

An unconditionally stable time-stepping procedure with algorithmic damping: a weighted integral approach using two general weight functions

An accurate algorithm for the integration of the equations of motion arising in structural dynamics is presented. The algorithm is an unconditionally stable single-step implicit algorithm incorporating algorithmic damping. The displacement for a Single-Degree-of-Freedom system is approximated within a time step by a function which is cubic in time. The four coefficients of the cubic are chosen to satisfy the two initial conditions and two weighted integral equations. By considering general weight functions, eight additional coefficients arise. These coefficients are selected to (i) minimize the difference between exact and approximate solutions for small time steps, (ii) incorporate specified algorithmic damping for large time steps, (iii) ensure unconditional stability and (iv) minimize numerical operations in forming the amplification matrix. The accuracy of the procedure is discussed, and the solution time is compared with a widely used algorithm. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地磁日变数据幅值关系分析与应用

基于多项式模型的地磁日变改正值幅值关系分析,旨在提供一种站间日变数据互补方法,通过数据的内插和外推,采用加权平均值算法求取插补时段的最优改正数。算例分析表明,利用站间幅值关系重建日变改正值可以达到相当高的精度。     

长江三角洲公路网络的可达性空间格局及其演化

以加权平均旅行时间为指标,1986年、1994年、2005年为时间断面,探讨了长江三角洲地区公路网络中主要节点城市可达性空间格局及其演化规律,并结合公路货运特征 (货运量区位商) 分析了各节点可达性水平对其发展的影响。结果显示：研究期内,可达性空间格局总体变动不大,其值以上海、苏州、嘉兴为中心向外围呈不规则环状增高;公路网络的逐步完善极大地提高了区域内主要城市间的可达性,但不同阶段可达性演化特征不同,第二阶段 (1994~2005年) 可达性提升较之第一阶段 (1986~1994年) 更为显著;可达性值变化幅度与初始值有关,可达性值变率在第一阶段由北往南逐渐降低,而在第二阶段呈多极格局;随路网的不断完善,可达性水平由中心向外围呈圈层式优化;多数城市可达性状况优于平均水平,各节点城市相对可达性在第一阶段变化不大,但分布趋向于不均衡,第二阶段改变较大并趋于均衡分布;各节点城市可达性对其发展的影响可分为良好支撑、相对制约和基本适应三种类型。     

Laboratory and theoretical evaluation of impact of packing density,particle shape,and uniformity coefficient on erodibility of coarse-grained soil particles

Sedimentation – including erosion, transport, and deposition of coarse-grained particles – is a primary and growing environmental, engineering, and agricultural issue around the world. Soil erosion occurs when the hydrodynamic force induced by flowing water exceeds the geotechnical resistance of soils, as measured by critical shear stress for initiation of soil-particle motion. Even though various quantitative methods have been suggested with respect to different types of soil, the most widely accepted formula to estimate critical shear stress for coarse-grained soil is a direct function of the median grain size of the soil particles; however, the erosion resistance of soils also varies with other geotechnical properties, such as packing density, particle shape, and uniformity coefficient. Thus, in this study, a combined rolling–lift model for particle detachment was derived based on theoretical analysis. A series of experimental flume tests were conducted with specimens prepared with standard soil types, as well as laboratory-prepared mixtures of coarse-grained soil to validate the theoretical model and determine the effect of other geotechnical properties on the erosion characteristics of coarse grains, coupled with the effect of median particle size. The results indicated that the median grain size is the primary variable determining the resistance of coarse grains, but the critical shear stress also varies with the packing density of the soil matrix. In addition, angular particles show more erosion resistance than rounded particles, and the erosion potential of a soil decreased when the grain is well graded (higher value of uniformity coefficient). Additionally, regression analysis was performed to quantify the effect of each parameter on the critical shear stress of coarse grains. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

温度递减率对加权平均温度的影响

引入温度递减率,和地表温度一起作为独立参数对加权平均温度进行拟合,并根据所建立的温度递减率模型,分析其对加权平均温度的影响。研究表明,高精度的温度递减率有利于改善加权平均温度模型拟合值的分布,使其不再与地表温度呈现简单的线性关系,即使不同探空站的地表温度相同,它们计算的加权平均温度也不相同,从而提高GPS气象学中PWV的转换精度。     

利用迭代加权模糊度函数法的单历元模糊度固定

为提高全球导航卫星系统GNSS在复杂环境下的定向成功率,将迭代加权的思想与模糊度函数法（AFM）相结合,提出迭代加权模糊度函数法（IWAFW）。基于AFM算法,通过设计新的适应度函数,利用残差计算权重,实现对不同卫星信号权重的自动调节,并结合惯性传感器给出的姿态信息,压缩搜索空间,降低计算量。通过实测试验验证,在复杂环境中,相比于AFM和带基线长度约束的最小二乘模糊度去相关算法（CLAMBDA）,该算法能够有效提高模糊度固定成功率。     

基于加权预积分和快速初始化的惯性辅助单目前端模型

针对单目视觉惯性定位系统在复杂环境和相机高动态条件下的实时性和高精度的需求,提出了一种基于加权预积分和快速初始化的惯性辅助单目前端模型Improved_VIO。首先同步视觉和惯性测量数据,建立高精度的IMU加权预积分模型,为联合初始化和视觉跟踪模型提供帧间运动约束;然后构建视觉惯性融合状态向量,建立联合初始化模型,实现视觉惯性松耦合的快速联合初始化;最后在IMU加权预积分和快速初始化方法的基础上,建立一套惯性辅助的视觉跟踪模型,从而有效提高系统定位精度。在EuRoC数据集上的试验结果表明,与传统视觉惯性定位前端模型相比,本文的前端模型提升了单目视觉惯性定位的精度与实时性,初始化时间缩短至10 s内,定位精度提高了约30%。     

SNPP-VIIRS夜间灯光影像去噪方法研究

高精度的夜间灯光数据能够有效反映人类空间活动特征,传统的SNPP-VⅡRS夜间灯光影像去噪方法容易忽略新增加或消失的有效灯光,且未处理灯光异常值,随着时间推移,去噪误差会逐渐增大。因此,本文提出了利用中值滤波与低阈值去噪相结合的方法过滤SNPP-VⅡRS夜间灯光影像中的异常值及背景噪声,并将去噪后的夜间灯光总量与GDP进行相关性分析及精度验证。试验结果表明,通过中值滤波与低阈值去噪结合的方法提取的夜间灯光总量与GDP的相关性优于传统方法,利用该方法建立的模型估算出的亮度值精度更高,证明该方法具有更高的去噪精度。     

利用ERA-Interim再分析资料优化地基GNSS水汽三维层析

利用ERA-Interim再分析资料对地基GNSS水汽层析中几个关键技术进行优化。首先利用ERA-Interim提供的大气产品建立同时顾及时间及地表温度参数的区域性大气加权平均温度模型;然后根据ERA-Interim提供的高垂直分辨率的水汽产品,分析“水汽层层顶”随时间变化的规律;最后提出一种新的划分垂直方向层析网格的方法。选取我国香港地区的12个CORS站2014-06的观测数据进行试算,结果表明,与探空资料相比,6 km高度以下优化后的层析结果相比传统层析结果精度提高了12%,在6 km高度以上提高了17%。