地理立体视频Web服务框架设计与接口开发

地理立体视频是对视频帧扩展了内外方位元素等地理空间参照的立体视频,支持基于位置的视频查询和影像量测,提供了地理空间表达的一种新形式。随着Web服务技术的广泛应用,地理立体视频Web服务将进一步拓展视频GIS应用。本文重点讨论了地理立体视频Web服务原理和系统设计。通过分析服务功能,设计了由数据层、服务层及表现层构成的地理立体视频Web服务框架;利用REST风格的Web服务技术,从资源确定、URI定义,以及资源操作接口、表述格式等方面进行了服务设计,详细定义了检索服务、视频播放服务,以及影像量测服务接口及其HTTP交互机制,以WCF框架和ArcGIS Server平台实现了相应的服务接口。本文以河南大学金明校区为例,开发了地理立体视频Web服务原型系统并进行了应用实验。结果表明,地理立体视频Web服务实现了可视化、检索及量测等功能,适合于Web环境下视频GIS应用开发,对新型可定位多媒体Web服务的标准化具有参考价值。     

基于特征词群的新闻类重复网页和近似网页识别算法

新闻类网页是互联网上冗余信息的重灾区。冗余网页不仅会加剧搜索引擎的处理负担,并且会降低用户体验,因此有必要对互联网上的冗余新闻网页实施消重处理。该算法依据新闻报道的自然语法特点将一篇新闻报道分解到词,从7类词性类别中提取该类别最高词频的词组成新闻报道的特征词群;通过词级倒排索引的建立,完成不同网页间特征词群的检索和对比;通过类型倒排索引的建立,完成重复和近似网页的识别和分类管理。本算法在实施过程借助于搜索引擎系统原有模块,避免新模块的引入保持了系统的简洁性;实验表明该算法是有效的,在测试的网页中召回率达93.5%,准确率达88.4%。冗余网页小粒度分类识别上具有的缺陷,在很大程度上影响了准确率的提高。     

火灾高温作用下波纹腹板钢梁剪切屈曲系数研究

波纹腹板钢梁具有优良的抗剪切性能,在常温条件下,它的剪切屈曲模式通常有3种：局部剪切屈曲、总体剪切屈曲和相关剪切屈曲。根据火灾燃烧不同时刻波纹腹板钢梁的温度变化,考虑火灾高温对结构钢材料性能的影响,研究了波纹腹板钢梁在火灾高温作用下的3种剪切屈服模式,给出了高温下波纹腹板钢梁临界剪切屈曲应力和剪切屈曲系数的计算表达式,分析了其随火灾温度的变化趋势,提出在进行火灾高温作用下的波纹腹板钢梁的力学性能分析时,应首先根据钢梁剪切屈曲系数的变化,准确判断其在火灾燃烧不同阶段所处的受力状态,从而使火灾高温下波纹腹板钢梁的受力分析更加精确合理。     

Foraging across ecosystems: diet diversity and social foraging spanning aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems by an invertebrate

Ecosystems are fundamentally connected to one another, although empirical documentation of the links between them, especially the links between marine and terrestrial ecosystems, has been limited. This study examined the foraging behavior and ecology of an understudied invertebrate, the hermit crab Coenobita compressus, which is remarkably abundant at the nexus of marine, terrestrial, and freshwater ecosystems. Data collected between 2008 and 2011 in the Osa Peninsula of Costa Rica revealed that C. compressus plays a generalist scavenger role across ecosystems. Beach almond fruits (Terminalia catappa) were a staple of the crabs’ diet, but the crabs also commonly consumed a variety of other fruit species and various parts of plants (nuts, seeds, flowers, husk, stems, buds) as well as algae, fungus, animal feces, and the carcasses of insects, jellyfish, conspecifics, other crustacean species, freshwater and saltwater fish, sea turtles (eggs and adults), and mammals. The crabs fed on these resources in prominent social aggregations, also forming such aggregations as they exchanged the aquatically derived gastropod shells that they use as homes while roaming the land. The size of the crabs’ aggregations around plant versus animal resources and around terrestrial versus aquatic resources did not differ, underscoring the species’ generalist foraging behavior. Broadly, these results suggest that C. compressus has one of the most diverse diets of any crustacean and plays a critical role in recycling organic matter and nutrients. This species might also mediate the passage of resources across different ecosystems, although further research is needed to explore this possibility.     

CTG-200型全液压工程钻机的研制与应用

本文针对目前市场上工程钻机施工过程中存在工艺适应性差、钻进效率低、能耗较高等问题,介绍了一种采用负载反馈系统的新型全液压工程钻机——CTG-200型工程钻机。其具有适应强、节能降耗、钻进行程长、起拔能力大及自动卸扣等优点。野外地质勘探结果表明,CTG-200型全液压工程钻机履带行走平稳,性能稳定,操作简单,给进辅助时间少,钻具提升速度快,拆卸钻具及多角度孔位施工方便快捷,很好地解决了工程施工过程中难以克服的问题。无疑,全液压工程钻机是解决当今钻探市场对钻机高效与节能环保需求的一个新的发展方向。     

基于大数据发现技术的国外地质信息服务跟踪

近年来,大数据越来越受到计算机、地质、生物、医学等诸多领域的关注且得到了广泛的应用。以世界主要发达国家地质信息服务跟踪为例,针对美、加、英、澳4国的主要地质调查网站及中国知网,运用地质大数据发现技术的网络爬虫方法,获取需求文本数据,进而分析文本内容,总结国外地质信息社会化服务现状。大数据发现技术在地质领域的合理运用,对快速、高效获取图片、文档等数据及降低信息获取成本具有一定的意义。     

地球系统科学数据共享研究与实践

分布式、异构科学数据的整合集成与"一站式"共享服务是科学数据共享的关键和难点。首先,提出"创建地球系统科学数据共享联盟,共建、共享"的分散数据资源整合理念和按"总中心-分中心-数据资源点"三个层次的整合架构,然后,在组织模式上保障分布式数据资源的有效整合。即通过"元数据集中管理,数据体分散存储"的策略,从技术上保障分布式数据资源的快速整合。针对地球系统科学不同学科数据资源的特性,设计了地球系统科学数据核心元数据标准及扩展方案,利用MVC(元数据标准模型-显示视图-操作函数)模式实现多标准地学元数据的统一管理和自适应显示。最终,研究面向SOA的分布式地球系统科学数据共享平台,通过"一个总中心,认证中心和若干个分中心",形成物理上分布、逻辑上统一的分布式服务网络,从而为用户提供"一站式"的数据共享服务。     

Variation in diet across an elevational gradient in the larvae of two Hydropsyche species (Trichoptera)

While specialized species are linked to a particular resource, omnivorous species may switch between food items according to the availability and the quality of resources. Here we use larvae of the omnivorous caddisfly genus Hydropsyche (Trichoptera) to analyse changes in diet composition across an elevational gradient. Periphyton and Hydropsyche larvae were sampled from 22 populations at stream orders from 2 to 5 on the German part of the Bohemian Forest. Elevations of sampling sites ranged between 300 m and 900 m a.s.l.. Diet composition was estimated by the analyses of the gut content of larvae as well as by stable nitrogen isotopes (δ¹⁵N). The δ¹⁵N values of the periphyton decreased and the C/N ratio of periphyton increased with increasing environmental harshness (decreasing water pH, temperature and conductivity with increasing elevation) indicating a decrease of periphyton food quality. Across individuals, the proportion of animals in the gut of Hydropsyche larvae was positively related to the difference of δ¹⁵N values between larvae and periphyton. The proportion of animals within the gut and (baseline corrected) δ¹⁵N values of Hydropsyche populations increased with increasing environmental harshness. We suggest that the (i) low primary production caused by shading, low temperatures and low nutrient levels, (ii) the low nutrient quality of periphyton and (iii) the availability of animal prey due to the input of allochthonous resources in headwaters caused the shift in the diet of Hydropsyche larvae along the river continuum.     

Microbial food web contributions to bottom water hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico

Nutrients from the Mississippi/Atchafalaya Rivers greatly stimulate biological production in the ‘classical’ food web on the inner shelf of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Portions of this production, especially large diatoms and zooplankton fecal pellets, sink and decompose in the bottom water, consuming oxygen and contributing to the annual development of an extensive zone of bottom water hypoxia, typically >15,000 km² since 1993. The microbial food web is also active in the Mississippi River plume, but consists of small organisms that sink slowly. This ‘recycling’ food web has not been considered as a significant contributor to vertical flux and hypoxia. However, gelatinous zooplankton, especially pelagic appendicularians such as Oikopleura dioica, mediate the conversion of microbial web organisms to organic particles with high sinking rates. When pelagic appendicularians are abundant in coastal regions of the northern Gulf of Mexico, they stimulate the rapid vertical transfer of microbial web productivity in the surface layer, which is only 5–15 m thick in the coastal hypoxic region, to the sub-pycnocline layer that becomes hypoxic each summer. In this paper we present results from two studies examining the significance of this pathway. In both 2002 and 2004, we observed high production rates of appendicularians in coastal waters. Discarded gelatinous houses and fecal pellets from the appendicularian populations often provided more than 1 g m⁻² d⁻¹ of organic carbon for the establishment and maintenance of hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico. This source of organic matter flux is especially important in regions far from the river plumes and during periods of low river discharge. Autotrophic elements of this food web are primarily supported by recycled inorganic nutrients originating in the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers. Sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) supporting the heterotrophic components of this microbial food web may include in situ production, the Mississippi/Atchafalaya Rivers, and Louisiana's coastal wetlands. If significant, the latter source provides a possible link between Louisiana's high rates of coastal land loss and the large hypoxic zone observed along the coast during summer. Both of the latter DOM sources are independent of phytoplankton production stimulated by inputs of riverine inorganic nutrients.     

~(13)C/~(12)C比值作为海洋生态系统食物网示踪剂的研究──崂山湾水体生物食物网的营养关系

于1992年9月—1994年5月先后对快山湾海域作了7个航次调查。由实验室培养试验和现场采样分析两种方法得出食物链一个营养级的13C富集度分别为（1．6±0．2）×10-3和1．7×10’,两者几乎一致。由7个季度月的现场采集样品的同位素分析结果表明,从处在食物网底部的浮游植物到最高级的肉食性鱼类之间13C差值平均为6．9×10-3,相当于5个营养级;并由各类生物的碳同位素数据分别确定了它们在该食物网中的营养位置,其结果与食性分析方法所得结果基本吻合。同位素示踪方法研究的结果还表明,崂山湾水体生物食物网中碳的来源主要是浮游植物碳。