浅剖数据解译中淤泥层层界提取方法

港口与航道淤泥层层界确定对于港航建设开发与工程实施有着重大意义。本文针对港口航道浅地层剖面仪原始采集数据模糊的问题,分析了影响原始数据真实性的主要原因,实施了中值滤波法多次波压制与消噪处理,取得了清晰可靠的真实数据图像文件,根据海底声波不同层界反射特征,对比分析了脉冲信号声强图像变化情况,探讨了基于浅剖数据声强图像提取淤泥层厚的方法。试验证明该方法可以达到当前钻孔资料所能达到的精度范围。     

高原地区钻探施工组织与技术管理措施

青海地区海拔高、无霜期短、昼夜温差大、含冻土层等,给施工组织与管理提出了严峻挑战。结合近年来在青海省加吾、祁连、南戈滩、中多拉等矿区钻探施工经验进行总结思考,注重从施工组织管理、技术方法等方面进行探索,为高原地区钻探作业积累了经验。     

盘锦港海底表层沉积物粒度特征及沉积环境分析

以盘锦港荣兴港区海底表层沉积物为主要研究对象,通过对不同位置表层沉积物样品的粒度特征进行对比,探讨该区的沉积环境。利用贝克曼库尔特激光粒度仪对其粒度进行了检测,并计算了粒度参数,结果表明:本区7个沉积物样品以粉砂、砂为主,样品平均粒径值介于3.19~5.46Φ。分选性为较差-很差。样品偏度表现为正态-极正偏。峰度的等级为平坦-尖锐。借助Weibull函数计算出了样品2个组分的众数值和百分含量,粒度像图显示样品的初始水动能普遍较大,只是平均水动能存在差异。说明:沉积区的物源距离较近,物质来源比较稳定,以陆源沉积为主,沉积主要受辽河和大辽河控制;在河流沉积作用为主的大背景下,研究区东北部的沉积环境受潮流的影响比较大,中西部则受剥蚀作用影响较大。     

Application of Dynamic Subgrid-scale Models for Large-eddy Simulation of the Daytime Convective Boundary Layer over Heterogeneous Surfaces

The sensitivity of large-eddy simulation (LES) to the representation of subgrid-scale (SGS) processes is explored for the case of the convective boundary layer (CBL) developing over surfaces with varying degrees of spatial heterogeneity. Three representations of SGS processes are explored: the traditional constant Smagorinsky–Lilly model and two other dynamic models with Lagrangian averaging approaches to calculate the Smagorinsky coefficient (C _S ) and SGS Prandtl number (Pr). With initial data based roughly on the observed meteorology, simulations of daytime CBL growth are performed over surfaces with characteristics (i.e. fluxes and roughness) ranging from homogeneous, to striped heterogeneity, to a realistic representation of heterogeneity as derived from a recent field study. In both idealized tests and the realistic case, SGS sensitivities are mostly manifest near the surface and entrainment zone. However, unlike simulations over complex domains or under neutral or stable conditions, these differences for the CBL simulation, where large eddies dominate, are not significant enough to distinguish the performance of the different SGS models, irrespective of surface heterogeneity.     

Performance of various similarity functions for nondimensional wind and temperature profiles in the surface layer in stable conditions

The linear functions for non-dimensional wind and temperature profiles are commonly used to describe the surface layer fluxes in atmospheric models. However, their applicability is limited to smaller values of the stability parameter z/L (where z is the height above ground and L is the Obukhov length) i.e. z/L < 1.0. These linear functions have been modified (Webb 1970, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 96, 67–90; Clarke 1970, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 96, 91–114; Hicks 1976, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 102, 535–551; Beljaars and Holtslag 1991, J. Appl. Meteorol. 30, 327–341; Cheng and Brutsaert 2005, Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 114, 519–538) over the years for calculating fluxes when z/L > 1.0 under strongly stable conditions. In view of this, the objective of the present study is to analyze the performance of these similarity functions to compute surface fluxes in stable conditions.The meteorological observations from the Cooperative Atmosphere-Surface Exchange Study (CASES-99) experiment are utilized for computing the surface fluxes in stable conditions. The computed fluxes are found to be reasonably close to those observed. The ratio of observed to computed fluxes reveals that the computed fluxes are close to the observations for all the similarity functions for z/L < 1.0 whereas the computed values show relatively a large scatter from observations for z/L > 1.0. The computed values of u and heat flux do not show significant differences from those observed at 99% confidence limit. The performance of all the similarity functions considered here is found to be comparable to each other in strongly stable conditions.     

Localization of mining-induced horizontal fractures along rock layer interfaces in overburden: field measurements and prediction

The locations of mining-induced horizontal fractures along rock interfaces in the overburden of Donetsk Coal Basin were identified using an original experimental device. The device traps methane from horizontal fracture zone (100–fold coal seam thickness) over an active longwall mining excavation. Presence or absence of horizontal fractures along rock layer interfaces is correlated with physical characteristics of the overburden, such as thickness, uniaxial compressive strength of overburden rock layers, location of rock layer interfaces and thickness of extracted coal seams. As a result, a combined criterion based on these physical characteristics is proposed to predict the presence of overburden horizontal fracturing in coal mine operations.     

真空预压加固区硬壳层的水分运移解析解

本文根据非饱和土体的渗流理论,建立水分运移模型,研究真空预压在稳态下的水分运移机制,给出了孔隙水压力分布的控制方程及其解析解。根据工程实测数据验证解析解的结果,并对不同参数进行分析。结果表明：稳态下真空预压水分运移模型计算的结果和现场实测数据基本吻合。扩散通量Q和降饱和系数?对上层非饱和区域的形成位置、强度及厚度的影响较大。扩散通量Q越大,土体表层的基质吸力越大,孔隙水压力变化趋势就越大;降饱和系数?在0.3~1.0 kPa-1内对非饱和土体部分基本没有影响。     

几种网络体系结构中数据包的效率比较分析

介绍了一种新型网络体系结构SUNA，并将它的数据包与其它两种层次型网络体系结构中的数据包进行了组成和效率上的比较分析。说明了在这方面，SUNA的数据处理效率的优势。     

人为热源对城市边界层结构影响的数值模拟研究

用南京大学多尺度模式系统在不同区域进行了多种人为热源引入方案的研究,结果表明：考虑时空变化的人为热源按比例分别引入到地表能量平衡方程和大气热量守恒方程是将人为热源引入模式的最优方案.人为热通量密度变化的敏感性试验结果发现：人为热源的存在对城市热岛的生成有重要作用.计算结果表明,南京现有的人为热源排放量对该地区的城市热岛贡献率约为29.6％,若人为热通量密度在现有量值的基础上增大1倍,则其热岛贡献率可达42.9％;此外,人为热的排放对清晨城市边界层逆温结构有一定程度的破坏作用,能明显升高夜间近地层气温达0.5～1.0℃,并能使白天湍流活动的影响范围增大,混合层高度抬高,使夜间城市热岛环流的影响范围扩大.     

边界层温度廓线遥感反演的本地化改进研究

采用MODIS资料和美国发展的MODIS大气温、湿度廓线统计反演算法,估算大气温度、湿度廓线作为初始场,应用101层快速透过率模式(PFAAST)估算了大气透过率,并采用Newton非线性迭代算法反演中国西北荒漠戈壁地区大气温度廓线。结果表明:该方法对边界层高度及以上部分的大气温度反演得比较好,误差基本都在2 K范围内,边界层范围内的温度反演误差较大,反演误差与气溶胶光学厚度增量和地表温度估算误差呈显著正相关关系,与大气水汽混合比的关系较差。文中从敏感性试验和理论分析角度阐述了地表温度和气溶胶光学厚度估算误差对大气温度反演误差的影响,发现不同光谱波段的地表温度权重均随地表温度的增加有不同程度增加,地表温度反演误差增加将增加地表温度权重,提高地表温度估算误差有助于提高地表温度权重的精度;荒漠戈壁地区大气边界层中气溶胶浓度较高,光学厚度较大,使边界层大气透过率降低,进而降低卫星红外遥感波段的地表温度权重和空气温度权重。由于该模式没有很好地考虑边界层中沙尘气溶胶的影响,使卫星反演的大气透过率偏高,以至于高估地表温度权重和大气温度权重,使得反演的表面温度和空气温度偏低。该研究结合太阳光度计获得的光学厚度资料,采用统计方法对气溶胶效应引起的大气透过率误差和表面温度估算误差进行校正,并对物理算法进行本地化改进,实现了边界层温度廓线的反演。