Crustal structure of Dabieshan orogenic belt

The crustal structures ofP velocity and density on the deep seismic sounding profile across the Ilabieshan orogenic belt are presented. There is a 5-km-thick crustal “root” between the Yuexi and Xiaotian where the elevation is highest on the profile. An apparent Moho offset of 4. 5 km beneath the Xiaotian-Mozitan fault marks the paleo-suture of the Triassic collision. A high-velocity anomaly zone at the depth below 3 km beneath the ultra-high pressure (UHP) zone may be correlated to the higher content of UHP metamorphic rocks. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Joint Earthquake Science Foundation.     

地倾斜异常图像与地震预测

系统分析了1988～1998年期间新疆4个台站、5套地倾斜仪记录到的异常图像,发现与周围的4级以上及强远震有较好的对应关系.在对图像特征、典型震例研究的基础上,归纳了异常图像的识别标志、与地震关系的定性指标;对异常图像的可能机制作了初步讨论,认为可能是岩石临破裂前的裂隙扩展、断层预滑的直接记录;地倾斜异常图像的研究对地震的短临预报具有参考价值.     

软流层、中地壳与盆-山系

虽然大量的地学断面研究为我们提供了及其丰富的有关中地壳的信息，但极少有人将中地壳的与盆地、断隆山的形成和演化相联系．大陆层控构造理论认为，上地壳正断层上盘在下降过程中，挤压下伏中地壳塑性层，中地壳塑性层物质在该压力作用下从下降幅度最大、垂向压强最大的箕状盆地翘降端压出，主要流向垂向压力较小、紧邻断层面应变空间的下盘，促使该盘向上倾斜，形成断隆山，组成盆—山系．现今中国东部阴山、秦岭、太行山和燕山等断隆山脉，无不与同时代深沉降的断陷盆地毗邻．松辽盆地和西侧大兴安岭以嫩江断裂为界，断陷盆地和断隆山由晚侏罗世到早白垩世同时开始形成到新生代，伴随松辽盆地大幅度沉降，大兴安岭大幅度隆升．在重力均衡作用下，盆—山系形成引起莫霍面隆起和上地幔软流层隆升，在沉积盆地和断隆上形成大量金属、非金属和油气矿产．中生代以后，软流层大规模发育．软流层隆升对大型含油气区形成具有决定性意义。     

断块开合说--中国大地构造研究的新思维

对板块说应持分析态度，既充分肯定它的创见，又要看到其不足。张文佑倡导的断块说强调地质演化中的陆洋地壳转化，即拉张造洋、挤压造陆。近年来提出的开合说，继承了板块说、断块说和新地槽-地台说的合理内核。笔者认为，断块-开合大地构造说是中国大地构造研究中有代表性的思潮。本文概括了其基本观点，强调了开合中的多模式、多旋回和非封闭性、不可逆性。     

Change of crustal gravitational potential energy in the Taiwan orogen by the Chi-Chi earthquake sequence

The active convergence between the northwest corner of the Philippine Sea Plate and the southeast margin of the Eurasian Plate has given rise to the Taiwan mountain-building and produced numerous earthquakes. Among the earthquakes, the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake is the largest one recorded in the century. In this study, we examine the crustal gravitational potential energy (GPE) change in the Taiwan orogen caused by the Chi-Chi earthquake sequence, which was catalogued by the regional broadband seismometer array for a whole year. As a result, we find that the crust was going up and down randomly during the earthquake sequence, but an overall cumulative gain of the crustal GPE, +1.82×10¹⁶ J, was rapidly achieved in 1 month after the main shock. The crustal GPE was nearly still afterwards and reached +1.90×10¹⁶ J in 1 year. Spatially, although the main surface faulting has occurred in western Taiwan, the crustal GPE gain is mainly distributed in central Taiwan at the area where the existing crustal GPE is high and the existing lithospheric GPE is relatively low. The crustal GPE loss by the Chi-Chi earthquake sequence can also be observed and is generally distributed at both sides of the crustal GPE gain area. The crustal GPE gain mainly found in central Taiwan corroborates that the uplift of the Taiwan orogen is principally taking place in central Taiwan, rather than in the more hazardous western Taiwan.     

Investigation of upper crust anisotropy in Ghaen-Birjand region, east-central Iran

IntroductionWhenpropagatingthroughananisotropicmedium,ashearwavesplitsintotwo(quasi)shearwaveswithdifferentpropagationspeedsandpolarizedorthogonally.Owingtotherecentdevel-opmentofseismicobservationsystem,detectionofshearwavessplittingwithverysmalldelaytimesbetweenfasterandslowershearwavesbecameavailableandprovidedpowerfulapproachfordetectionofcrustalanisotropy.Crampin(1978)emphasizedtheroleofalignedmicrocracksasacauseofcrustalanisotropyandpointedoutthatforverticallyalignedmicrocracksthedirecti…     

塔西南坳陷石炭系碎屑储集岩的成岩演化

研究区石炭系碎屑岩储集层的主要成岩作用为机械压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用、溶解作用和破裂作用。机械压实作用和胶结作用对储层物性改善有破坏作用；溶解作用、交代作用、破裂作用在一定程度上有利于改善碎屑储集岩的孔隙结构及储集物性。研究区碎屑岩储集层处于早成岩阶段B期一晚成岩B期。晚成岩期，烃类从源岩中进入储集层发生石油侵位，改变了岩石的成岩环境。由于烃类的侵位，使石英的次生加大、自生铁白云石的生长受到抑制，同时也对自生伊利石生长有抑制作用，黄铁矿由于烃类侵位分布在油层、油水层，尤其在油水层中较为发育。     

辽西地区中侏罗世海房沟组火山岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

辽西地区中侏罗世海房沟组火山岩的岩石共生组合为粗安岩粗面岩安山岩英安岩 ,属于高钾钙碱性钙碱性火山岩系 ,全岩Rb_Sr等时线年龄为 177.2± 2 8.0Ma。岩石总体上反映出高Al高Na特点 ,SiO2 ≥ 5 6 .99% ,Al2 O3 ≥ 15 .4 5 % ,Na2 O/K2 O≥ 1.35。稀土元素分馏明显 ,(La/Yb) N≥ 14 .80 ,(Ho/Yb) N≥ 1.15 ,贫Yb、Y(Yb≤ 1.4 2× 10 -6,Y≤ 15 .18× 10 -6) ,基本无Eu负异常 (0 .86～ 1.0 3) ,明显亏损Rb、Nb、Zr、Ti,而Sr、Ba、K及LREE富集 ,Rb/Sr值均小于 0 .1,地球化学特征与埃达克岩十分类似 ,属埃达克质岩。Sr、Pb和Nd同位素资料反映出这套火山岩的源岩较深 ,可能为古老的下地壳中基性变质岩部分熔融产物。研究表明 :海房沟组火山岩形成于板内环境 ,与太平洋板块俯冲没有直接关系 ;辽西地区中生代构造应力场的重大转换、广泛的岩浆活动和大规模断陷盆地群的形成与岩石圈拆沉作用密切相关。海房沟组埃达克质岩的确认对探讨辽西地区火山岩浆起源、壳幔相互作用及大陆动力学背景具有重要意义。     

碎屑流沿坡面运动的初步分析

本文分析了碎屑流沿坡面下滑过程中的运动特性,重点考察了床面摩擦系数、土体内摩擦角和坡角对碎屑流堆积形态的影响.     

Petrology and Geochemistry of Early Cretaceous Bimodal Continental Flood Volcanism of the NW Etendeka, Namibia. Part 1: Introduction, Mafic Lavas and Re-evaluation of Mantle Source Components

The bimodal NW Etendeka province is located at the continentalend of the Tristan plume trace in coastal Namibia. It comprisesa high-Ti (Khumib type) and three low-Ti basalt (Tafelberg,Kuidas and Esmeralda types) suites, with, at stratigraphicallyhigher level, interstratified high-Ti latites (three units)and quartz latites (five units), and one low-Ti quartz latite.Khumib basalts are enriched in high field strength elementsand light rare earth elements relative to low-Ti types and exhibittrace element affinities with Tristan da Cunha lavas. The unradiogenic²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios of Khumib basalts are distinctive, most plottingto the left of the 132 Ma Geochron, together with elevated ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pbratios, and Sr–Nd isotopic compositions plotting in thelower ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd part of mantle array (EM1-like). The low-Tibasalts have less coherent trace element patterns and variable,radiogenic initial Sr (