古风化壳是碳酸盐岩一个重要的储集层(体)类型

大量含油气区的勘探开发证明，古风化壳是碳酸盐岩一个重要的储集层（体），作者以塔里木盆地下古生界古风化壳储集层（体）为基础，结合鄂尔多斯地区和任丘油田，从地层、岩矿组成、成岩作用、古岩溶、垂向结构、储集性能、测井曲线、地震反射和含油气性诸方面进行了详细研究，大量资料证明，古风化壳是经长期表生成岩作用形成的特有的地质体，其内部具有特有的分带性结构和含油气性，用岩溶并不能代表它的特殊性和整体概念，应黎     

扬子板块的地壳演化与地层对比

扬子板块是在古元古－新太古宙的古陆核基础上发展演化而成。吕梁运动以前，以川中微型陆块为主体的若干个小型古陆块组成向北西突出的牛轭形陆块带。中元古宙在牛轭形陆块带的东西两侧形成海沟岛弧系，沉积一套弧前及弧后的优地槽和旰地槽建造。１０－１１亿年时的东川运动使沟弧系褶皱回返，固结为陆新元古宙早期产生大陆裂谷，形成五一套裂谷建造，晋宁运动使扬子板块整体固结新元古宙晚发育山前磨拉建造、冰碛层及碳酸盐盖层。全     

中国东北及邻区大陆边缘构造

中国东北及邻区大陆边缘包括两个构造带。内带由裂解的古陆碎块组成，其北部与古亚洲洋的演化有关，南部与古太平洋演化有关。外带由中生代地体组成。它们是晚古生代到早中生代的洋壳碎块与晚中生代的深海沟堆积组成的混杂体带。古亚洲洋封闭后到现代太平洋板块活动前，即由泥盆纪到侏罗纪曾存在过另一个大洋－古太平洋，其洋底扩张活动形成了上述的构造带。晚侏罗世后本区发育左旋平移断裂系，晚白垩世一早第三纪形成了大陆缘火山－     

闽南区域地壳稳定性分区及其特征

通过一系列区域地壳稳定性背景资料的分析，以地壳结构、深断裂、活动断裂、第四纪升降速率、大地热流值、布格异常梯度、地壳应变能量、地震最大震级、基本烈度等综合指标，将闽南区域的地壳稳定性，自西而东划分为稳定区、基本稳定区和次稳定区。     

由深源远震体波记录反演华北北部地壳上地幔速度结构

重点研究的地区为河北省北部包括京津地区，以及山西、内蒙的部分地区，在此区选取了２９个台站；在向东延伸的背景区，选取了６个台站。利用这些台站的深源远震体波记录资料，通过选取介质结构模型，计算理论地震图，与观测图进行拟合，以确定地震台下介质结构的可接受模型。在拟合时，对每个地震台站都选择若干次深源远震的体波记录作为观测图。对每个地震台站一般都算出６０个不同模型的理论图。实际上做出的结果比地壳深，为大约８０ｋｍ（即大致相当于岩石层或称岩石圈）厚度内的地壳上地幔介质结构，它们大都由１０层左右的介质组成。通过波形拟合共给出了上述３５个台站下的壳幔介质分层结构。并由此给出了Ｍｏｈｏ面的轮廓。     

A crustal seismic velocity model for the UK, Ireland and surrounding seas

A regional model of the 3-D variation in seismic P -wave velocity structure in the crust of NW Europe has been compiled from wide-angle reflection/refraction profiles. Along each 2-D profile a velocity–depth function has been digitised at 5 km intervals. These 1-D velocity functions were mapped into three dimensions using ordinary kriging with weights determined to minimise the difference between digitised and interpolated values. An analysis of variograms of the digitised data suggested a radial isotropic weighting scheme was most appropriate. Horizontal dimensions of the model cells are optimised at 40 × 40 km and the vertical dimension at 1 km. The resulting model provides a higher resolution image of the 3-D variation in seismic velocity structure of the UK, Ireland and surrounding areas than existing models. The construction of the model through kriging allows the uncertainty in the velocity structure to be assessed. This uncertainty indicates the high density of data required to confidently interpolate the crustal velocity structure, and shows that for this region the velocity is poorly constrained for large areas away from the input data.     

西藏羌塘盆地东部中-上侏罗统沉积特征及沉积相划分

详细野外剖面测量基础上,对羌塘盆地东部中-上侏罗统剖面主要岩类的宏观特征(颜色和构造)、物质组分、结构及磁化率等特征进行系统研究,研究区碎屑岩主要为砾岩、砂岩、粉砂岩和泥岩等岩类,磁化率值呈现低→高→低→高→低(雀莫错组→布曲组→夏里组→索瓦组→雪山组)的规律性变化。综合沉积特征显示雀莫错组和雪山组主要为河流相-河控三角洲相沉积,布曲组为碳酸盐缓坡相沉积为主,夏里组主要为潮坪-泻湖相沉积,索瓦组主要为混积陆棚-泻湖-潮坪相沉积,中-晚侏罗世羌塘盆地古水深在下降的总趋势中呈现浅→深→浅→深→浅的升降旋回,盆地沉积中心由东向西迁移,区域构造演化和全球海平面变化共同控制了盆地沉积面貌。     

Mineralogical,geochemical and microfabric evidences of gypsum crusts: a case study from Budapest

High levels of SO₂ and particulate pollution enable the rapid development of gypsum-rich weathering crusts in Budapest. Two types of white crusts, thin and thick ones, and two forms of black crusts, laminar and framboidal ones, were studied in limestone buildings of the parliament and Citadella. The percentage of crust cover and damage categories were documented on selected walls. Petrographic, XRD, XRF and sulphur isotope analyses were performed under laboratory conditions to understand the mechanism of crust formation. White crusts found both on exposed and sheltered walls display a calcite-rich layer with gypsum, while black crusts are enriched with gypsum. The sulphur isotopic composition of white and black crusts overlaps, but the crusts are slightly enriched in heavy isotopes compared to rainwater. S content, Si/Al ratios and particulates in black crusts suggest that air pollution (SO₂, dust) contributes to black crust formation. The accumulation of sulphur and Zn enrichment of white crusts were also documented indicating that under high pollution levels, even these compound can accumulate on exposed facades.     

陕蒙交界地区碎屑岩风化成因浅析

陕蒙交界地区基岩均具强风化,由此造成当地环境恶化、下游地区生态破坏和灾害积累。其形成机理应与岩石本身的物质组成、自然地理环境、地质构造状况、水文地质条件及其物理化学条件有关。而南部地区,由于上述诸因素的差别,基岩风化微弱。     

Comparison of element abundance between the exposed crust of the continent of China and the global averaged upper continental crust: Constraints on crustal evolution and some speculations

Based on the results of a study of regional element abundance in eastern China and the 1:200 000 geochemical surveys in northern Xinjiang, the element geochemical characteristics of the exposed crust in 23 tectonic units of the continent of China are summarized. Compared with the global average abundance of the upper continental crust, the exposed crust of the continent of China is compositionally more evolved than the upper crust of the island arc, but less evolved than the mature Precambrian Canadian shield. The exposed crust of the North China and Yangtze platforms has a lower SiO₂ content, but markedly higher CaO and MgO contents due to the presence of widespread carbonate strata, which suggests that we should not neglect the contribution of carbonate rocks in the study of the exposed crust and the element abundance of the upper crust. In comparison with two recently published average compositional models of the global upper continental crust, the exposed crust of the continent of China is depleted in Au, Hg, Mo, Sn, and W, which suggests that their abundance in the present global models is overestimated. The exposed crust of the North China platform and the Qinling-Dabieshan fold belt to its south has lower μ(²³⁸U/²⁰⁴Pb) values (<8), but other regions of the continent of China exhibit much higher μ values, which implies that the low μ feature of the North China platform and its adjacent regions does not have global significance. Considering the apparent lateral variation in composition of the exposed crust for the tectonic units of the continent of China, there is no adequate reason to take the average upper crust compositional model of the North China platform and its adjacent regions as a reliable composition representative for Chinese and global upper continental crust composition. Translated from Geological Bulletin of China, 2005, 24(10–11): 906–915 [译自: 地质通报]