岩体软弱夹层渗透变形试验及三维有限元数值模拟

渗透变形或渗透破坏是由潜蚀强烈发展而出现的一种特有的不良地质作用,本文结合某大型水电工程坝基存在的软弱夹层,在现场取样试验,研究了这些软弱夹层在渗透水流作用下发生渗透变形的方式和程度,并以试验成果为基础,根据水工建筑物的布置以及上下游水头差等条件,采用数值模拟的方法模拟软弱夹层的水力梯度分布情况以及软弱夹层与上下两盘基岩中的水力梯度分布,为坝基防渗设计提供依据。     

Preparation and Structural Investigation of CuCl2 Graphite Intercalation Compounds

Superfine graphite powder was prepared by ball-milling exfoliated graphite containing anhydrous CuCl2 in planetary ball milling systems. Nano-scale CuCl2 graphite intercalation compounds were synthesized by heating a mixture of anhydrous CuCl2 and graphite nanosheets. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were performed to characterize the microstructures of stage-1 nano-scale CuCl2 graphite intercalation compounds. The structure and components of the domain wall and core in the nano-scale CuCl2 graphite intercalation compounds are described. The results show that the content of CuCl2 in the mixture plays a crucial role in the size of the nano-scale CuCl2 graphite intercalation compound.     

全新世早期弱夏季风事件的精确定位及机制探讨--以湖南莲花洞LHD5石笋为例

全新世早期是太阳辐射加强、全球温度上升,并伴随着冰盖消融的重要时期,而其间发生的冷事件以及亚洲季风区的弱夏季风事件的成因一直是全新世早期研究的重点。对亚洲季风-海洋-极地联系研究有着重要的意义。通过分析湖南莲花洞LHD5石笋28个U/Th年龄和535个氧同位素数据重建了全新世亚洲季风演化特征,其中全新世早期分辨率达8年。LHD5石笋记录到YD结束时间为11748±30 a B.P.,全新世开始于11684±39 a B.P.,转换时间约为64年,与格陵兰gicc05记录在误差范围内一致。LHD5石笋记录到全新世早期6次弱夏季风事件,事件年龄中心点分别为11461±34 a B.P.、10354±36 a B.P.、9957±25 a B.P.、9062±36 a B.P.、8744±23 a B.P.、8144±24 a B.P.,其δ18O值的波动幅度分别为1.08‰、0.94‰、0.66‰、0.90‰、0.55‰、1.02‰,这些弱季风事件在亚洲季风区具有普遍的区域意义。除8.2 ka事件之外,10 ka B.P.之前的弱季风事件除了受到太阳活动的影响,还受到北大西洋IRD事件的影响,而之后更多地受到太阳活动和ITCZ南移的影响。     

Field Studies of Dynamic Compaction on Marine Deposits

Marine deposit ground usually need significant improvement before the construction of civil structures in coastal areas due to the poor mechanical properties of soils. Dynamic compaction (DC) is a widely used technique in such projects. In this study, a case history of DC tests in sandy soils with a weak embedded layer is introduced. Two series of DC tests—single point tests and impact zone tests—were applied to test zones with similar geological conditions to investigate the effect of energy level on the depth of improvement (DI). The highest energy used is up to 15000 kN · m. Field measurements were conduct before and after DC in each series to validate the effectiveness of improvement, including crater settlement, excessive pore pressure, and acceleration measurement for single point tests, and the pressure meter and CPT tests for impact zone tests. For single point tests, the effectiveness of improvement increases as the energy level increases to 12000 kN · m. Further increase of compaction energy does not have an effect on settlement, pore pressure, or ground acceleration. For impact zone tests, the energy level does not show a positive correlation with the DI, mainly due to the presence of an embedded weak layer.     

无固相弱凝胶钻井液在水井施工中的应用

结合水井施工实例,开展了对无固相弱凝胶钻井液及生物酶破胶剂的应用研究。弱凝胶钻井液具有独特的流变性,动塑比高、低剪切速率粘度高,有很好的携砂能力,除具备冷却钻头、清除孔底岩屑、护壁防坍功能外,还具有无固相,不易堵塞地层孔隙,减少钻井液中固相对含水层的伤害的特点。加入生物酶破胶剂后,能清除在井壁形成的泥皮,疏通水流通道,取得了单井出水量和渗透系数有较大增加的应用效果,对在水井施工中加强含水层的保护提供了新的方法。     

河北中南部连续12 d重霾污染天气过程特征及影响因素分析

2013年12月14—25日,河北中南部地区发生了一次长达12 d的重霾污染天气过程。本文通过对同期气象条件、流场、污染物特征进行分析,探讨了这次过程的成因。此次污染过程与霾密切相关,具有持续时间长、范围广及强度大的特点;在静稳的大尺度气象条件和近地面大气层结下,污染物沿近地面风场的弱辐合区迅速积累,是重覆污染天气形成的关键;此次重霾污染天气过程中有两次弱冷空气活动,两次冷空气影响层次有所不同但影响时间均较短,不能彻底改变静稳大气层结,对污染物的扩散能力有限,重霾污染天气得以长时间持续。     

某公路软弱地基上的高填方路基开裂失效病害处治对策研究

以我国西南某高速公路软弱地基上的高填方路堤开裂失效病害实例作为研究对象,以病害现象反复发生反复处治、病害认识不断加深的历程作为基础:先是因为对软弱地基处理方式失当而在路堤填筑过程中产生了侧向滑移病害;后又因为对病害机制认识不准确,导致制定的治理方案处治病害不彻底,使得路堤重新填筑过程中再次产生了侧向滑移病害;然后,再次因为对病害机制的认识还是不到位,并且对治理方案作用机理的理解不透彻,导致了病害进一步加重而致使路堤不得不重新填筑。通过对病害发生、发展过程的再认识和再评估,对病害发生机制进行了较为深入的探究和论述,对未能达到预期的病害处治对策进行了总结和反省,提出了病害防治的应对策略和思路,形成了病害处治方案且经历了实践的验证。     

应用延迟累加的微弱GPS信号捕获算法

针对在弱信号环境下传统算法无法进行捕获的问题,提出了一种改进算法。该算法在双块零拓展(double block zero padding,DBZP)算法的基础上,采用延迟累加的方法,首先将DBZP算法相关运算结果中被舍弃的部分暂存,然后对延迟1ms的接收信号进行相关运算,得到相应的相关运算结果,将其与存储的运算结果进行相干累加,并将相干累加结果作为捕获模块输出与门限值进行比较。改进算法在增加极少运算量的前提下,通过提高相关运算结果的利用率,增加了数据观测量。仿真结果表明,改进算法能够提高捕获算法处理增益,在捕获载噪比为17dB-Hz的信号时,检测概率能够达到91%。     

Beta Distribution of Surface Elevation of Random Waves

A probability density function (PDF) is derived of beta distribution with both λ3 (skewness) and λ4 (kurtosis) as parameters for weakly nonlinear wave surface elevation by use of a method recently proposed by Srokosz. This PDF not only has a simpler form than the well-known Gram-Charlier Series PDF derived by Longuet-Higgins. but also overcomes an obvious shortcoming of the latter that when the series is unsuitably truncated, the resulting PDF is locally negative. To test the derived beta PDF, laboratorial experiments of wind waves are conducted. The experimental data indicate that the theoretical requirements of the parameters in the beta PDF are fulfilled. The experimental results show that the present PDF is in better agreement with the measured data than the beta PDF only including parameter λ3, and also than the Gram-Charlier Series PDF truncated up to the term of H6.     

E24 profile slope stability analysis in Haizhou Opencast Coal Mine of Fuxin

The E24 profile slope analyzed belongs to a series of excavated slopes of the Haizhou Opencast Coal Mine. It seems to be divided into Downslope Part and Upslope Part. Its profile comprises two noticeable coal seams, called the 8# and 9# weak layers, considered as the potential failure surfaces. In consideration of the actual configuration as in the perspective of any modification, assessing the stability of this slope with various profile forms under given conditions, and assessing the risk of instability and quantifying the influence of earthworks or other modifications to the stability of this slope, have constituted the primordial objectives carried out. From assumed potential failure surfaces, any specific profiles and specified slip surfaces are defined. A factor of safety (FoS) is computed for each specified slip surface; the smallest FoS found corresponds to the least favorable slip surface. The safety factor values obtained are compared to the suggested safety factor. Limit equilibrium methods of vertical slices implemented in Slope/W, computer program for slope stability analyses, have been adopted to perform the E24 slope stability analysis. The safety factor values computed with 9# weak layer are lower than for 8#; the factors of safety obtained with Sarma's method are the smallest; more, without groundwater (long term) overall values are greater than those determined under groundwater condition (short term). The lowest safety factor value is found for a profile depending on an adopted earthwork sequence. The E24 profile slope stability analysis shows the instability risk for the deepest weak layer, and also shows the short and long term stability of this slope for the envisaged earth movements. However it demonstrates the existence of instability risk for any earthwork firstly affecting the downslope part.