上海黏性土剪切带形成的数值模拟分析

各种工程事故表明：现有的土力学计算模型均未考虑应变局部化问题,故不能解释这些工程事故的发生,因此应变局部化和剪切带形成的研究成为国际土力学界研究热点之一。数值模拟是研究剪切带形成的一个重要内容。在数值模拟中首先进行剪切带形成条件的研究,接着考虑土质不均匀性的影响,引入弱单元和强单元,进行弱单元与强单元影响力的研究。     

青藏高原近地层低压系统移动路径及其特征

利用ECMWF 600 hPa高度场加密逐月再分析资料,分析了强、弱季风年高原近地层低压系统的移动路径及其特征。研究结果表明：低压系统于4月在青海省西南部形成,5月沿西南方向移入西藏地区,此后低压系统呈南北向波动西移,直至到达“西至点”后转向东退于10月衰减消散;强季风年低压系统中心强度总体上较弱季风年强。强季风年低压系统移动路径偏北,南北向波动振幅较小,弱季风年低压系统移动路径偏南,南北向波动振幅较大,呈“V”形分布;孕育初生阶段低压系统的形成过程在弱季风年出现“反复”现象;发展成熟阶段高原近地层低压系统南侧印度上空低压系统形成,并且强季风年较弱季风年形成时间偏迟,位置偏南;衰减消亡阶段高原近地层低压系统西北侧的高压系统减弱消散,10月东伸高压脊的脊点在弱季风年较强季风年偏东。     

软土地基深开挖对场地设计地震动的影响

本文根据南京河西地区所处的地震地质环境、地震活动环境及基岩地震动衰减规律,在场址区地震危险性分析基础上确定该地区的基岩地震动参数,并选取河西地区某个典型工程场地,根据场地上的静、动力性能参数的测试结果,进行场地上层地震反应分析,研究软土地基条件下地基深开挖场地的地震动效应及其对场地设计地震动参数的影响．文中给出了设计基准期为５０年及１００年时对应不同抗震设防水准的设计地震动参数,该结果对河西地区其它高层建筑的抗震设计也有一定的参考价值．     

地震作用下含软弱夹层顺层岩质边坡表面放大效应研究

为了研究地震作用下含软弱夹层顺层岩质边坡表面的放大效应,借用FLAC3D软件,建立了含软弱夹层顺层岩质边坡动力分析数值模型;在合理考虑地震动输入、边界条件、网格划分与模型参数的基础上,分析了地震动峰值、频率、持时以及初动方向等因素影响下的边坡表面放大效应。研究结果表明：①地震动峰值、频率和初动方向对边坡表面放大效应的影响较显著,而地震动持时对边坡表面放大效应的影响微小;②随着地震动峰值的增加,放大效应由软弱夹层之上的坡面及坡顶面向坡肩点逐渐增大,坡肩点的放大效应最大;③当输入地震动频率小于边坡的自振频率时,边坡表面加速度放大倍数较小,且频率越小,放大倍数越小,当输入地震动频率大于边坡的自振频率时,边坡表面加速度放大倍数较大,且频率越大,放大倍数亦越大。     

水汽方程弱解的适定性研究及其在数值求解中的应用

利用Hilbert空间的Lions定理，对于在第一类边值问题，证明了水汽方程弱解的存在性和唯一性，并且利用弱解，指出了设计有限元方法的思路。     

双铰四次弹性拱的混沌行为研究

对双铰四次弹性拱的混沌行为在横向周期荷载下的混沌行为进行了研究。首先利用拱的单元平衡方程建立了拱的二阶三次非线性动力学模型;然后通过变换使方程转化为不含常数项的非线性微分动力系统,并由此得到无扰动系统的3个不动点（一个鞍点,两个中心）与同宿轨道;再用Melnikov函数法给出了发生混沌的临界条件;最后给出了该系统出现定常运动和混沌运动的数值结果。研究表明四次弹性拱在横向周期荷载作用下的外激励振幅在一定范围内会出现混沌现象。     

三峡库区大型斜倾顺层滑坡失稳机理分析

长江三峡库区位于我国地形第二、三级阶梯过渡地带,地质环境复杂,斜倾顺层基岩滑坡较为发育。本文以重庆石柱龙井滑坡为例,详细分析了大型斜倾顺层基岩滑坡的变形特征、成因机理和破坏模式、并采用极限平衡法计算了滑坡在四种工况条件下的稳定性。结果表明：（1）龙井滑坡位于扬子准地台石柱向斜北西翼,体积约1.42×106 m3,主滑方向162°,前缘发育两个次级滑坡;（2）受地形地貌、地层构造、地下水和降雨等因素影响,滑坡目前处于蠕滑变形阶段,变形方式主要为拉张裂缝、剪切裂缝和局部鼓胀变形;（3）滑坡同时处于暴雨和前缘次级滑坡滑动条件下,稳定性为1.03,处于欠稳定状态,滑坡易沿软弱夹层发生整体滑动破坏。     

Weakness and mechanical anisotropy of phyllosilicate-rich cataclasites developed after mylonites of a low-angle normal fault (Simplon Line,Western Alps)

The Simplon Fault Zone is a late-collisional low-angle normal fault (LANF) of the Western Alps. The hanging wall shows evidence of brittle deformation only, while the footwall is characterized by a c. 1 km-thick shear zone (the Simplon Fault Zone), which continuously evolved, during exhumation and cooling, from amphibolite facies conditions to brittle-cataclastic deformations. Due to progressive localization of the active section of the shear zone, the thermal-rheological evolution of the footwall resulted in a layered structure, with higher temperature mylonites preserved at the periphery of the shear zone, and cataclasites occurring at the core (indicated as the Simplon Line). In order to investigate the weakness of the Simplon Line, we studied the evolution of brittle/cataclastic fault rocks, from nucleation to the most mature ones. Cataclasites are superposed on greenschist facies mylonites, and their nucleation can be studied at the periphery of the brittle fault zone. This is characterized by fractures, micro-faults and foliated ultracataclasite seams that develop along the mylonitic SCC′ fabric, exploiting the weak phases mainly represented by muscovite and chlorite. Approaching the fault core, both the thickness and frequency of cataclasite horizons increase, and, as their thickness increases, they become less and less foliated. The fault core itself is represented by a thicker non-foliated cataclasite horizon. No Andersonian faults or fractures can be found in the footwall damage zone and core zone, whilst they are present in the hanging wall and in the footwall further from the fault. Applying a stress model based on slip tendency, we have been able to calculate that the friction coefficient of the Simplon Line cataclasites was <0.25, hence this fault zone is absolutely weak. In contrast with other fault zones, the weakening effect of fluids was of secondary importance, since they accessed the fault zone only after an interconnected fracture network developed exploiting the cataclasite network.     

ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF NON-LINEAR SOIL RESPONSE AND DYNAMIC SOIL PROPERTIES USING VERTICAL ARRAY DATA IN JAPAN

Non-linear response of the soil is investigated by comparing the spectral ratios (uphole/downhole) using weak and strong motions. Data from seven vertical arrays in Japan are analysed in this study. The frequency-dependent transfer function of soil is calculated as a ratio of the spectrum at uphole to the spectrum at downhole, considering the horizontal component of shear wave. In spectral ratio analysis auto- and cross-spectra are employed. The reduction in the predominant frequency of the transfer function with increases in excitation level reflects the non-linear response of the soil. Results of analysis demonstrate a significant non-linear ground response at six sites with surface PGA exceeding 90 gal. However, the results of one site show the linear response up to 130 gal surface PGA. Furthermore, the in situ strain-dependent soil behaviour is examined through the shear modulus – shear strain relationship. When compared, the actual and laboratory results of the shear strain – shear modulus relationship are in agreement. Additionally, a good consistency between the tendency of reduction in shear modulus ratio with shear strain increases, and reduction of predominant frequency with ground motion increases, confirms the significance of non-linearity in site effects study.     

奇异性理论在弱异常信息提取中的应用—以冀北隐伏中-酸性侵入岩体为例

冀北地区是河北省矿产资源重要聚集地之一,成矿条件优越,其中中-酸性侵入岩体与银铅锌多金属矿床成矿密切相关。然而,大量的第四系覆盖压制了一些深部及隐伏弱异常成矿信息,使得常规化探方法在该覆盖区提取效果微弱。本文运用奇异性分析及主成分分析对冀北1：20万水系沉积物常量元素化探数据进行分析处理,提取区内成矿元素弱异常,并将其与未进行奇异性处理的结果进行对比。结合区域地质背景、物化探资料圈定覆盖区内与中-酸性侵入岩体有关的异常区,对成矿作用、成矿规律进行分析、讨论,以期揭示区内元素富集规律。结果显示,上述组合方法可以有效提取元素弱异常并进行成矿有利区圈定,并且圈定位置与已知岩体位置、区域构造条件相吻合,共圈出隐伏异常点7个,推测其为成矿远景区。