Silicon limitation on primary production and its destiny in Jiaozhou Bay,China V:Silicon deficit process

1 INTRODUCTION Land-sourced silicon are continuously input into the sea by rivers. After being assimilated by thousands of living organisms in the sea, silicon sinks with the marine living organisms to the sea bottom, showing a complete silicon transfer process. The study of this dynamic process need clarifying the characteristics of silicon in the sea, which plays an important role in phytoplankton growth, zoo-plankton graze and marine ecosystem. 2 SILICON BEING INDISPENSABLE N…     

Metabolic changes in Phaeocystis poucheti (Hariot) Lagerheim during the spring bloom in Belgian coastal waters

Incorporation of ¹⁴C-bicarbonate into the major intracellular end-products of photosynthesis (protein, polysaccharide, lipid) and two classes of exoproducts (oligomers and polymers) was measured in Belgian coastal waters at different stages of the spring phytoplankton bloom, entirely dominated by the alga Phaeocystis poucheti. It was shown that intracellular protein synthesis contributed 20–42% of the total intracellular ¹⁴C fixed and was positively correlated with the inorganic nitrogen content of the surrounding medium. The decrease of protein synthesis following nitrogen depletion is balanced by an increase of intracellular polysaccharide synthesis, which varies from 22 to 42% of the intracellular ¹⁴C fixed, and by an increase in extracellular release of high molecular weight material (18–60% of total ¹⁴C fixed) which forms a mucous envelope where cells are embedded. Lipid synthesis is not correlated with the ambient inorganic nitrogen content and represents a rather constant proportion (about 20%) of the intracellular ¹⁴C fixed.     

Hydrogeochemical properties of CO2-rich thermal–mineral waters in Kayseri (Central Anatolia), Turkey

The present study highlights the hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical characteristics of the CO₂-rich thermal–mineral waters in Kayseri, Turkey. These waters of Dokuzpınar cold spring (DPS) (12–13°C), Yeşilhisar mineral spring (YMS) (13–16°C), Acısu mineral spring (ACMS) (20–22.5°C), Tekgöz thermal spring (TGS) (40–41°C), and Bayramhacı thermal-mineral spring (BTMS) (45–46.5°C) have different physical and chemical compositions. The waters are located within the Erciyes basin in the Central Anatolian Crystalline complex consisting of three main rock units. Metamorphic/crystalline rocks occur as the basement, sedimentary rocks of Upper Cretaceous-Quaternary age form the cover, and volcanosedimentary rocks Miocene-Quaternary in age represent the extrusive products of magmatism acting in that period. All these units are covered unconformably by terrace and alluvial deposits, and travertine occurrences have variable permeability. Dokuzpinar cold spring, YMS and ACMS localized mainly along the faults within the region have higher Na⁺ and Cl⁻ contents whereas TGS and BTMS have higher amounts of Ca²⁺ and HCO ₃ ⁻ . The high concentrations of Ca²⁺ and HCO ₃ ⁻ are mainly related to the high CO₂ contents resulting from interactions with carbonate rocks. Whereas the high Na⁺ content is derived from the alkaline rocks, such as syenite, tuff and basalts, the Cl⁻ is generally connected to the dissolution of the evaporitic sequences. These waters are of meteoric-type. BTMS deviates from meteoric water line. The content is related to the increases in the δ¹⁸O compositions due to mineral–water interaction (re-equilibrium) process. CO₂-dominated YMS and ACMS with low temperatures have higher mineralizations. Yeşilhisar mineral spring, ACMS, TGS and BTMS are oversaturated in terms of calcite, aragonite, dolomite, goethite and hematite, and undersaturated with respect to gypsum, halite and anhydrite. Yeşilhisar mineral spring, ACMS and BTMS are also characterized by recent travertine precipitation. Dokuzpınar cold spring is undersaturated in terms of the above minerals. The higher ratios of Ca/Mg and Cl/HCO₃, and lower ratios of SO₄/Cl in BTMS than TGS suggest that TGS has shallow circulation compared to BTMS, and/or has much more heat-loss enroute the surface. The sequence of hydrogeochemical and isotopic compositions of the waters is in an order of DPS>YMS>ACMS>TGS>BTMS and this suggests a transition period from a shallow circulation to a deep circulation path.     

Isotopic composition and origin of mineral and geothermal waters from Tuşnad Băi Spa, Harghita Mountains, Romania

Different types of free water have been analysed for their deuterium and chemical composition in order to evaluate their source, mixing phenomena, and the underground dynamics. All types of ground water (mineral, geothermal and wellhead water) display δD values (− 82.6‰ to − 72.6‰) similar to surface waters from the studied area (− 77.1‰ to − 73.6‰). The global salt content varies from 1102 to 8707 mg/l for the groundwater, and from 46 to 392 mg/l for the surface water. From the co-variation between the δD values and the chemical composition of the waters, as well as from the seasonal variation of these two parameters, it is evident that the free water from Tuşnad Băi are meteoric in origin. The mineralization of the mineral water took place by means of an intense underground circulation, probably in the fault system developed within the Neogene magmatites.     

火山活动影响的局限水体生烃潜力分析:以准噶尔盆地东部石炭系巴塔玛依内山组为例

以准噶尔盆地东部白碱沟地区石炭系巴塔玛依内山组为例,通过详细野外地质调查及烃源岩生烃潜力分析,探讨火山岩体所围限的局限水体的生烃能力。在大规模的中基性火山活动后的间歇期内,巴塔玛依内山组形成了一套沉积岩与火山岩互层的序列,通过对层系内的暗色泥岩、凝灰质泥岩及劣质煤等潜在烃源岩的总有机碳含量(TOC)、镜质体反射率(Ro)和岩石热解分析(S_1,S_2,T_(max))的测试,发现该套烃源岩有机质丰度平均为8.24 mg/g,处于高成熟-过成熟阶段,属于Ⅲ型烃源岩。尽管该套烃源岩分布有限,但其单层厚度可达13 m,且间歇期内小规模,多期次的火山活动有助于有机质的生成保存。白碱沟地区火山喷发间歇期所形成的局限水体具有烃源岩发育条件,可成为邻近火山岩储层的有效烃源岩。     

Winter distribution of diatom assemblages along the coastline of R. O. Korea in 2010

Diatoms are a globally successful and eukaryotic photosynthetic organism with an ornamented silica external wall. The relationship between their valve morphology and habitat means that diatoms can be used as bioindicators to characterize the aquatic environment. To estimate the differential distribution and diversity of diatom assemblages along the coastal line, we collected phytoplankton samples from 114 coastal sites of waters of R. O. Korea. We applied the unweighted pair-group technique usin...     

舟山西堠门水道潮流能资源评估及发电站选址

声音在儒艮的生命活动中起着重要的作用。为了研究儒艮发声的类型和特征,2019年3月20日至28日,在泰国立邦岛附近海域(99°25''E,7°13''N)对儒艮进行了被动声学监测。本文对泰国海域儒艮发声信号进行了细致分类,并统计了每种类型声信号的特征。将在立邦岛海域获取的野生儒艮发声信号划分为4种类型:chirp、trill、bark和 whistle。统计每种类型中高信噪比、轮廓清晰且无重叠的信号特征,结果表明:chirp为简单的窄带调频信号,持续时间大约为0.09s,基频介于0.99~12.84kHz,谐波数量为1~5;trill为调频信号,持续时间较长,一般大于0.90s,基频介于0.97~9.89kHz,有1~5次谐波;bark持续时间约0.20s,带宽范围为0.20~4.00kHz,whistle被定义为chirp和trill之间的一种过渡信号,其持续时间为0.05~0.89s,基频为1.11~7.69kHz,有1~5次谐波。这4种类型声信号所占比例各不相同,其中chirp信号占最高(比超过86%),trill和 whistle信号占比较低(分别约为7%和6%),bark信号占比最小(不到1%)。研究儒艮声信号类型和特征有利于分析儒艮的声行为,对野生儒艮的声学监测具有重要指导意义。     

Chlorine transport processes through a 2000 m aquifer/aquitard system

In the Paris Basin, in France, the Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) is currently studied over a 250 km² surface area by the French national radioactive waste management agency in order to assess the feasibility of long-term underground nuclear waste repository. The COx is a 140 m thick clay-rich layer, which is part of the 2000 m aquitard/aquifer system constituting the sedimentary cover. In such sedimentary context, the transport processes of potential contaminants can be represented by both vertical diffusion and horizontal advection through the most permeable layers.Chloride is used as a natural conservative tracer, and is monitored in term of concentrations and isotopic composition (δ³⁷Cl) for both pore and groundwater. During this study, the samples were collected from three boreholes located in the center of the studied zone, one of them (EST433) going down to 2000 m depth. The main solute transport process is shown to be vertical diffusion from the massive Keuper halite level to the rest of the sedimentary pile. This global diffusive system can be occasionally disturbed by horizontal circulation of groundwater occurring in the Oxfordian and Dogger limestone formations. Therefore, these circulations cut the global diffusive system in a succession of independent diffusive systems. In this study the data set was implemented in a simplified 2D solute transport model and scenarii reproducing known history in term of paleo circulations inside the system, were applied and allowed to obtained a good fit of the data. Model results showed that paleo circulations, occurring between −145 Ma and −110 Ma, still have an impact on current distribution of chloride in the system, especially for δ³⁷Cl. The model highlights the need of the presence of a circulation spatially limited at the base of the Liassic formation to fit the data. The best fit obtained indicated current residence time of 500 ka in the Dogger and Oxfordian, with respective onset of the circulations at −20 Ma and −5 Ma.     

A POSSIBLE IMPACT OF EL NIO MODOKI ON SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE OF CHINA'S OFFSHORE AND ITS ADJACENT REGIONS

El Nio Modoki,similar to but different from canonical El Nio,has been observed since the late1970s.In this paper,using HadISST and NCEP/NCAR wind data,we analyze the relationship between El Nio Modoki and Sea Surface Temperature(SST)in the offshore area of China and its adjacent waters for different seasons.Our results show a significant negative correlation between El Nio Modoki in summer and SST in autumn in the offshore area of China and its adjacent waters,particularly for regions located in the east of the Kuroshio.It is also found that during El Nio Modoki period,anomalous northerlies prevail over the regions from the northern part of the Philippines to the offshore area of China,indicating that the northerlies are unfavorable for the transport of warm water from the western tropical Pacific to the mid-latitude area.Consequently,El Nio Modoki in summer may play a substantial role in cold SST anomalies in the offshore area of China and its adjacent waters in autumn through the influence of the Kuroshio,with a lagged response of the ocean to the atmospheric wind field.