浙南海域腹泻性贝毒分析

在浙南海域共采集了10种贝类40份样品.运用高效液相色谱方法检测腹泻性贝毒,共检出 9份样品含有腹泻性贝毒.染毒样品检出的腹泻性贝毒(软海绵酸,OA)质量比为0.07～5.85 μg/g,共有7个样品含量超标,超标率为17.5%.无论是检出率还是超标率,都呈现夏季>春季>秋季的规律.浙南海域的南部腹泻性贝毒检出率和超标...     

2009年4月浙江近岸海域浮游植物的分布特征及与环境因子的关系

利用2009年4月在浙江近岸海域采集的47个浮游植物水样,对该海域浮游植物的类群组成及其空间分布特征进行了研究,并分析了其空间分布特征与环境因子的关系,结果表明:(1)共鉴定出浮游植物81种,隶属于4门32属,其中硅藻26属69种,甲藻4属10种,硅藻在种类数上占优势,中肋骨条藻Skeletonema costatum和具槽直链藻Melosira sulcata为优势种。(2)各水层浮游植物总细胞密度为(2~236.8)×102个/dm3,平均值为41.9×102个/dm3。平面分布上,表层和5 m层的浮游植物总细胞密度分布趋势较一致,即调查区域最南端出现高值区(>200×102个/dm3),沿岸向北则细胞密度值呈递减趋势。硅藻细胞密度为(1.2~236.4)×102个/dm3,平均值为40.88×102个/dm3,与浮游植物总细胞密度分布趋势基本一致。甲藻细胞密度为(0~13.6)×102个/dm3,平均值为0.94×102个/dm3。垂直分布上,浮游植物总细胞密度大小依次为30 m层(82.5×102个/dm3)>表层(35.3×102个/dm3)>10 m层(31.9×102个/dm3)>5 m层(31.8×102个/dm3)。断面分布上,浮游植物总细胞密度由大到小依次为D断面(83.1×102个/dm3)>C断面(36.5×102个/dm3)>B断面(30.9×102个/dm3)>A断面(16.3×102个/dm3)。(3)总体上,浮游植物生态分布与水温、营养盐均呈正相关关系。     

胶州湾水域有机农药HCH的分布及水质标准

根据1986年4、7和10月的胶州湾水域调查资料,通过对有机农药HCH在胶州湾水域的分布、来源和季节变化的分析,研究结果表明：HCH含量在整个胶州湾水域都非常低,在这1 a中都〈0.100μg/L,在胶州湾水域HCH含量都优于国家一类海水水质标准,水质在HCH含量方面更加清洁;水体中HCH的表层含量已经没有季节变化,这...     

温州近岸海域石油烃分布特征

根据2006—2009年温州近岸海域石油烃的调查结果,分析海域石油烃污染的分布特征,并采用单因子指数法对石油烃污染程度进行了评价。结果表明,调查海域海水中石油烃含量范围为ND~0.085 mg/L,平均含量为0.018 mg/L。除2008年和2009年各有1个测点超出一类海水标准限值(≤0.05 mg/L)外,其余测点石油烃含量均未超出一类标准限值。2009年沉积物石油烃平均含量为20.7×10-6,各测点均低于一类沉积物标准值,表明温州近岸海域还未明显受到石油烃污染。     

Mineral waters in Italy

The use of spring water as a drinking, therapeutic, and ornamental resource has historical origins that date back to the Romans. The most ancient regulations on mineral waters had been enacted in Italy long before the union (1870).     

Observations on the diagenetic behaviour of arsenic in a saline lake: Pyramid Lake,Nevada

We present, to our knowledge, the first dissolved arsenic (As) data from the pore waters of a closed-basin, saline lake, Pyramid Lake, USA. The As concentrations first decrease across the sediment-water interface to values below lake water concentrations and then rapidly increase to values as high as 5.85mol L^–1 at a depth of 15 cm. This maximum value is reached at the top of the sulfate reduction zone. The profile suggests that As is remobilized in the suboxic and anoxic zones of the sediments and is reprecipitated near the sediment-water interface under oxic conditions.     

Comparisons between the ichthyofaunas of a temperate lagoonal-like estuary and the embayment into which that estuary discharges

Leschenault Estuary consists of a large lagoonal-like water body, which opens into Koombana Bay through a short and deep entrance channel at its southern end. Since the only major tributary discharges into the estuary opposite the entrance channel, much of the freshwater discharge in the winter passes directly out to sea. Consequently, during the year of the present study, the mean monthly salinities in the main body of the estuary remained above 20 per mil. This presumably accounts for the fact that the ichthyofaunal composition in the shallows of the estuary did not undergo the type of marked changes that are exhibited in other south-western Australian estuaries, in which salinities often fall below 10 per mil in winter. Despite the maintenance of high salinities in Leschenault Estuary and a close proximity to Koombana Bay, the estuary contained a far greater density and markedly different species composition of fish than that found in that marine embayment. This difference reflected, in part, the high abundance in Leschenault Estuary of some species whose entire life cycle is confined to estuaries,e.g. the atherinidsAtherinosoma elongata andLeptatherina wallacei and the gobiesPseudogobius olorum andAfurcagobius suppositus, and the fact that the juveniles of several marine species,e.g. Hyperlophus vittatus, Sillaginodes punctata, Mugil cephalus andGymnapistes marmoratus were also largely or entirely restricted to the estuary. In contrast,Lesueurina platycephala, which was by far the most abundant species in Koombana Bay, was absent in the estuary. Furthermore, the relatively protected region of Koombana Bay contained a greater density and different composition of fish than the more exposed region of this embayment. This reflected the greater use that was made of the protected region as a nursery area by certain marine species,e.g. Aldrichetta forsten andSillago bassensis. Our data, when taken in conjunction with those collected on the fish fauna in other south-western Australian estuaries, demonstrate that, within this geographical region, some fish species are specifically adapted to the estuarine environment, and that certain marine species apparently have a strong preference for using the highly protected and productive waters of this type of environment as a nursery area.     

论太平洋水体中元素行为的周期性

尽管海洋水及自生矿物相的复杂性，但我们仍发现了：１．周期表中的绝大多数元素在海洋铁锰结核氧化物中的富集程度Ｋｐ、在海水中的滞留时间τ，以及在氧化物相中的晶格能ｕ三参数间存在非常好的相关性；２．该三参数各自随元素原子序数的增加而展示出了好的化学周期性；３．晶格能ｕ是控制化学元素在海洋中的行为和迁移等性质的一极其重要参数．     

The effect of hydrochemical factors on the dissolution rate of gypsiferous rocks in flowing water

In order to investigate the rate of dissolution of gypsiferous rocks under natural conditions in streams of the Ebro river basin, 55 dissolution trials were carried out with spheres of alabastrine gypsum placed in flowing water. Experimental conditions involved flow velocities between 0·3 and 1·2 m s^?1, electrical conductivities between 0·3 and 1·9 dS m^?1, and the saturation indices of gypsum between ?2·1 and ?0·33. Mean values of dissolution rate obtained vary from 104 to 226 gm^?2 h^?1. This loss of mass corresponded to a volume of gypsum of between 393 and 853mmm^?2 year^?1. The factors most affecting the dissolution of gypsum are in descending order of importance: flow velocity > electrical conductivity > gypsum saturation.