利用山水特色,重现福州山水城市

山、水和绿化是构成福州古城山水的基本要素。在城市不断扩展的过程中,由于对城市山水,尤其是内河的开发和利用不够合理,保护不够得力,使福州失去了山水城市的特色。通过以福州城市山水现状的调查和分析,认为必须从旅游和生态的角度出发,增强环境意识,恢复城市内河活力,加强城市绿化,建设好“三山”,以提高城市环境质量,重现福州的山水城市风貌。     

广东沿海牡蛎体总铬的含量水平与时空分布特点

1989～1997年于广东沿海设12个牡砺采样点,研究广东沿海牡蛎体总铬的含量水平、地理分布特点和变化趋势。全部牡蛎样品的总铬含量均远低于海洋生物污染评价标准值,属正常本底水平或轻微污染水平。牡蛎体总铬含量的地理分布特点是珠江口海区≥粤西海区＞粤东海区。1989～1991年间,牡蛎体总铬的平均含量呈下降趋势;1991～1994年间,牡蛎体总铬的平均含量年际间虽有波动,但没有显著变化;1994年以后,牡蛎体总铬的平均含量呈上升趋势。     

Seasonal trends in the uranium-series istopic signatures of lake waters and sediments: Hawes Water, north-west England

Potential seasonal variation in the U-series radioisotopic signatures of lake and input waters was investigated in Hawes Water, north-west England, and the sedimentary record was examined to establish whether any observed seasonality is preserved in the sediment U and Th radioisotopic activity ratios. U-series disequilibrium in the waters is indicative of both surface and shallow sub-surface origins for the dissolved U, and that this supply is influenced by changes in the prevailing hydrological regime. However, the lake is buffered from this seasonality in that the ²³⁴U/²³⁸U activity ratio remains constant during the year, and the U content undergoes only a marginal decrease during summer. The change in the mechanism of lake sedimentation from allochthonous organic input during winter to autochthonous carbonate formation during summer has a more significant influence on the U-series radioisotopic characteristics of sedimentary record in that the proportion of organic and carbonate material both exhibit a strong control on the²³⁴U/²³⁸U activity ratio and U content. In addition, significant proportions of sediment U and Th are associated with ferromanganese oxyhydroxides. Given this seasonality, it is of some significance that the ²³⁴U/²³⁸U activity ratios of the bottom sediments preserve a reasonable record of lake U-series disequilibrium and are, therefore, potential indicators of long-term changes in catchment hydrology.     

Mineral water exploration and exploitation at the Portuguese Hercynian Massif

The thermal baths and bottled water industry are highly related to the hydrogeology of hard rocks in Portugal. In the last 15 years, almost all classical dug wells or simple spring arrangements were replaced by drilled wells. The completion of these new wells was normally preceded by geological, geophysical, and hydrogeological surveys as well as by exploration and observation wells. A step-by-step approach resulted in a positive well location in most sites. Some small-scale, low-enthalpy geothermal projects are in operation in some locations.     

A new and simple method for qualitative sampling of meiobenthos-communities

The introduced collecting method is based on a common entomologist exhauster, which is specified for the fieldwork in aquatic systems with a sieve-inset and a bottom-lid. The living organisms are collected visually from the sampled debris and no further extraction is needed. The apparatus is designed for qualitative sampling of microcrustaceans (e.g. Cladocera, Copepoda, Ostracoda) and minimises disturbance at the sampling site.     

Statistical characteristics of chlorophyll-a concentration in Hong Kong's coastal waters

In this paper seven of the ten Water Control Zones (WCZs) in Hong Kong's coastal waters with monthly or bi-weekly sampling data of 17 parameters collected at 37 monitoring stations from 1988 to 1999 were selected to analyze the spatial and temporal variations of chlorophyll-a and its influencing factors. Cluster analysis was employed to group the monitoring stations based on the structure of the data set. Multiple step regression was employed to determine the significant influencing factors of chlorophyll-a level. The results suggest that all the monitoring stations could be grouped into two clusters. Cluster I with frequent red tide incidents comprises two WCZs which are semi-enclosed bays. Cluster II with less red tide occurrence comprises the other five WCZs in an estuarine environment in the west. For both clusters, the organic contents indicator, BOD5, was a common significant influencing factor of the chlorophyll-a level. Nitrogen and light penetration condition related to turbidity, total volatile solids and suspended solids had more influence on the cholophyll-a level in Cluster I than in Cluster II, while phosphorus and oceanographic conditions associated with salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH were more important in Cluster II than in Cluster I. Generally, there was a higher average chlorophyll-a level in winter and autumn in a year. The chlorophyll-a level was much higher in Cluster I than in Cluster II among all seasons. Although the chlorophyll-a concentration had great variations from place to place in Hong Kong's coastal waters, it seemed to have a common long term fluctuation period of 8-10 years with a high-low-high variation in the period in the whole region, which might be influenced by other factors of global scale.     

青岛近海春、秋季渔业资源群落结构特征的初步研究

根据2004年5月和10月在青岛近海进行的渔业资源底拖网调查,对该海域渔业资源群落结构特征进行了初步研究.结果表明,春、秋季2个航次在该海域共捕获渔业资源种类76种.春、秋季单位网次渔获量分别为12.9kg/h和6.1kg/h,优势种类主要为赤鼻棱NB023（Thrissa kammalensis）、大泷六线鱼（Hexagrammos otakii）以及口虾蛄（Oratosquilla oratoria）、日本枪乌贼（Loligo japonica）等无脊椎动物.分别计算了青岛近海春、秋季渔业生物群落的种类丰度指数（R）、多样性指数（H′）和均匀度（J′）.聚类分析、单因子相似性分析（ANOSIM）以及相似性百分比分析（SIMPER）表明该水域渔业资源群落结构存在一定程度的时空异质性.青岛近海渔业资源呈现出明显的小型化和低质化特征.     

不同营养盐水体甲烷产生机制与潜力对比

甲烷是重要的温室气体,近海河口海域是甲烷产生和释放的活跃区域。于2021年对富营养化的九龙江河口(6月)和贫营养化的陆丰近海(8月)表层水进行了受控培养实验。结果显示,在添加碳氮以及甲基膦酸的陆丰近海海水样品中,观测到甲烷浓度增加了两个数量级,说明陆丰近海可能存在依赖甲基膦酸路径的甲烷生产。九龙江河口水体也存在基于甲基膦酸、二甲基巯基丙酸内盐和三甲胺路径生产甲烷的过程,其中以甲基膦酸路径产生的甲烷最多(增长率211.0%)。对比同样条件下的甲基膦酸-甲烷产生实验,陆丰近海水体产生的甲烷约是九龙江河口的22倍,表明贫营养化水体更加有利于基于甲基膦酸路径的甲烷产生。     

Cycling of dissolved and particulate nitrogen and carbon in the Framvaren Fjord, Norway: stable isotopic variations

The reaction pathways of nitrogen and carbon in the Framvaren Fjord (Norway) were studied through stable isotope analysis (δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C) of dissolved inorganic and particulate organic matter (POM). The variations in the isotopic compositions of the various C and N pools within the water column were use to evaluate the historical deposition of material to the sediments. The high δ¹⁵N-NH₄⁺ at the O₂/H₂S interface, as a consequence of microbial uptake between 19 and 25 m, results in extremely depleted δ¹⁵N-particulate nitrogen (PN) of approximately 1‰ within the particulate maximum at approximately 19 m. The carbon isotopic distribution of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) within the interface suggests that the distinct microbial flora (Chromatium sp. and Chlorobium sp.) fractionate inorganic carbon to different degrees. The extremely light δ¹³C-POC within the interface (−31‰) appears to be a result of carbon uptake by Chromatium sp. while δ¹³C-POC of −12‰ is more indicative of Chlorobium sp. Nitrogen isotopic mass balance calculations suggested that approximately 75% of the material sinking to the sediments was derived from the dense particulate maximum between 19 and 25 m. The sediment distribution of nitrogen isotopes varied from 2‰ at the surface to approximately 6‰ at 30 cm. The nitrogen isotopic variations with depth may be an indicator of the depth or position of the O₂/H₂S interface in the fjord. Low sediment δ¹⁵N indicated that the interface was within the photic zone of the water column, while more enriched values suggested that the interface was lower in the water column potentially allowing for less fractionation during biological incorporation of dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Results indicate that the dense layers of photo-autotrophic bacteria in the upper water column impart unique carbon and nitrogen isotopic signals that help follow processes within the water column and deposition to the sediments.     

Basin-To-Basin and Year-To-Year Variation of Temperature and Salinity Characteristics in the East Sea (Sea of Japan)

Analysis of CTD data from four CREAMS expeditions carried out in summers of 1993–1996 produces distinct T-S relationships for the western and eastern Japan Basin, the Ulleung Basin and the Yamato Basin. T-S characteristics are mainly determined by salinity as it changes its horizontal pattern in three layers, which are divided by isotherms of 5°C and 1°C; upper warm water, intermediate water and deep cold water. Upper warm water is most saline in the Ulleung Basin and the Yamato Basin. Salinity of intermediate water is the highest in the eastern Japan Basin. Deep cold water has the highest salinity in the Japan Basin. T-S curves in the western Japan Basin are characterized by a salinity jump around 1.2–1.4°C in the T-S plane, which was previously found off the east coast of Korea associated with the East Sea Intermediate Water (Cho and Kim, 1994). T-S curves for the Japan Basin undergo a large year-to-year variation for water warmer than 0.6°C, which occupies upper 400 m. It is postulated that the year-to-year variation in the Japan Basin is caused by convective overturning in winter. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.