近岸水质遥感评价参数的选择及评价模型的研究

利用遥感技术的水质评价是海洋环境监测的必然趋势,但目前可通过遥感技术反演的水质参数种类远少于《海水水质标准》中的35项,因此遥感监测时必须反演的水质参数有哪些?利用有限的参数该建立怎样的水质评价模型?成为我们关心的问题。本文以雷州半岛海域为研究对象,通过对实测数据的分析得出13种水质参数中的主导参数为总氮(N)、总磷(P)、化学需氧量(COD)、酸度(pH)、溶解氧(DO)这5种;再通过数理统计理论得出这5种参数对水质分类判别能力的大小关系为:COD> DO> P> N> pH,分别建立对应的五参数、四参数、三参数水质评价模型,并确定最优评价模型。即,雷州半岛海域水质遥感评价时必须反演的参数为COD、DO、P和N,水质综合评价模型为四参数模型,为后续其他海域水质的遥感监测提供可借鉴的方法。     

广东沿岸海域发生赤潮的硅藻种类

根据1990－1991年在广东沿岸海域采集的178份浮游植物样品的鉴定，产结合近几年在广东沿海河口湾海域几次浮游植物采样的分析资料，报告了广东沿岸海域硅藻赤潮生物47种，逐种列出了其生态习性和地理分布及在广东沿岸海域的分布情况。     

大鹏湾盐田水域反曲原甲藻数量的时空变化特点

对１９９０年３月３０日－５月５日广东大鹏湾盐田水域反曲原甲藻Ｐｒｏｒｏｃｅｎｔｒｕｉｎｓｉｇ－ｍｏｉｄｅｓＢｏｈｍ进行研究。详细分析了反曲原甲藻数量的时空变化及分布特点。多元回归分析表明：影响反曲原甲藻数量变化的环境因子，表层主要是亚硝酸氮，而底层仅与盐度相关。４月２０日盐田水域发生赤潮，经水样分析，发现表层水体中反由原甲藻数量很高（大于３００个·ｍｌ（－１）），占浮游植物数量的８６％以上。由此说明，反曲原甲藻是此次赤潮的原因种之一。本种通过扫描电子显微镜观察和分析所确认，并作了形态特征描述。     

Nitrogen and phosphorus species in the coastal and shelf waters of Southeastern North Carolina, Mid-Atlantic U.S. coast

The diversity of small-scale wetlands, high salinity tidal creeks, salt marshes, estuaries, and a wide and shallow shelf with the Gulf Stream close to the break makes the coastal zone of south-eastern North Carolina (U.S.) a natural laboratory for the study of the cycling of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in coastal and shelf waters. We assessed the summer concentrations, forms, and ratios for each N (total dissolved N, nitrate + nitrite, ammonium and dissolved organic N) and P (total dissolved P, o-phosphate and dissolved organic P) pool as these nutrients travel from tidal creeks, salt marshes and two large estuaries to Long and Onslow Bays. Additionally, we measured ancillary physical (temperature, salinity and turbidity) and chemical (dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a and pH) water properties. Highest concentrations of all individual N and P compounds were found in the upper parts of each tributary and were attributed to loads from agricultural and urban sources to the coastal watersheds, continuing downstream to receiving estuaries. In all areas, dissolved organic N and P species were predominant constituents of the total dissolved N and P pools (64–97% and 56–93%, respectively). The lower parts of estuaries and surface shelf waters were characterized by oceanic surface values, indicating removal of N and P downstream in all tributaries. The different watershed and hydrological characteristics also determined the different speciation of N and P pools in each estuary. Despite a high level of anthropogenic pressure on the uppermost coastal waters, there is self-regulation in this coastal ecosystem with respect to human perturbations; i.e. significant amounts of the N and P load are retained within estuarine and nearshore waters without reaching the shelf.     

广东近岸海域表层水中^90Sr和^137Cs的分布

本文提供了1989～1991年广东近岸表层水中~(90)Sr和~(137)Cs含量的分析结果。在调查海区,~(90)Sr含量为2.31～3.75mBq/L,平均值为3.21±0.45mBq/L。~(137)Cs含量为2.10～4.49mBq/L,平均值为3.47±0.89mBq/L。~(137)Cs/~(90)Sr放射性的比值为0.63～1.69,平均值为1.11±0.35。调查结果表明,近三年来未发现广东近岸海域有明显的人工放射性污染。目前广东近岸海水中的~(90)Sr和~(137)Cs主要仍是以往核试验所产生的放射性落下灰残余。     

浙江中南部外侧海区的虾类资源

本文根据1986年8月至1987年11月浙江中南部海域(27°00′～29°30′N,125°00′E) 拖虾调查资料,分析了虾类资源的种类、组成,拖虾渔获量及主要种类的分布,提出进一步开发凹管鞭虾,假长缝拟对虾等新的虾类资源的建议,并讨论了合理利用的途径。     

"百合"台风近海加强成因分析

利用卫星云图、常规观测资料对“百合”台风减弱为低压后在台湾海峡南部海面强度再次加强，又发展成强热带风暴的过程分析诊断结果表明：“百合”台风近海加强的主要原因是台风上层强辐散流场的叠加，加强了台风环流的垂直上升运动；台湾海峡南部的暖洋区的增暖增湿、中低层辐合流场的加强和低层适度冷空气的侵入对台风的加强也起了一定的作用．     

Risk analysis for capsizing of small vessels

Vessel accidents during stormy weather conditions over Kuwait's coastal waters are one of the major concerns for insurance and re-insurance companies, since such accidents can result in not only material losses but also losses of lives. In order to determine insurance rates for different types of vessels and their operators, it is desirable to estimate the risk or probability of occurrence of an accident and the resulting expected damage or losses associated with a given vessel type under the local wave conditions first. Therefore, there is a national need for such a study to provide this type of basic information on the risks or probabilities of vessel accidents caused by high waves within the Kuwait's territorial waters. The main objective of this study is thus to provide such information for the local and international agencies and companies concerned with sailing operations and maintenance, navigational safety, and particularly insurance of small recreational and commercial vessels. The study was carried out with the financial support of M/s Warba Insurance Company and the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences, Kuwait.     

Notes Marine biofouling in Hong Kong: a review

From 1980 to 1998, biofouling communities in Hong Kong waters, the Zhujiang RiverEstuary and the Mirs Bay were studied and a total of 610 samples. The samples were collected from vessels, buoys, piers and cages. Totally, 340 species (see Appendix I ) have been recorded and identified, six of which are new. At the same time, research on the biology of the cirripede, bryozoan, polychaete and mollusc communities were also conducted. Twenty-three related papers have been published. This review summarizes works in Hong Kong over past twenty years, and some unpublished data are also reported.     

Transitional waters: A new approach, semantics or just muddying the waters?

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science has throughout its history considered a diverse range of habitats including estuaries and fjords, brackish water and lagoons, as well as coastal marine systems. Its articles have reflected recent trends and developments within the estuarine and coastal fields and this includes the changing use of well-accepted terms. The term “transitional waters” first came to prominence in 2000 with the publication of the Water Framework Directive of the European Communities [European Communities, 2000. Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. Official Journal of the European Communities 43 (L327), 75 pp.], where “transitional waters” are defined as “bodies of surface water in the vicinity of river mouths which are partially saline in character as a result of their proximity to coastal waters but which are substantially influenced by freshwater flows”. The inclusion of the term transitional waters in our own aims and scope reflects the evolution of language in this subject area, encompassing tidal estuaries and non-tidal brackish water lagoons. This article reflects on some of the difficulties posed by the use of the term and its attempts to be inclusive by incorporating fjords, fjards, river mouths, deltas, rias and lagoons as well as the more classical estuaries. It also discusses the problems of including in the term river mouths discharging either into predominantly brackish areas such as the Baltic Sea, or into freshwater-poor areas bordering the Mediterranean.