霍州辛置桃沟矿泉水的形成条件及水质特征

桃沟矿泉水暴露于辛置煤矿的通风斜井中，为低矿化度、低钠、锶重碳酸钙镁型饮用天然矿泉水，在开发利用过程中应十分重视环境保护及卫生检测。     

中国南方下寒武统石煤的特征,沉积,环境和成因

在早寒武世，中国南方存在着四种类型的含石煤地层一南岭型、扬子型、江南型和华南型，其中的石煤在量和质的方面均各不用问，据研究，这主要与当时的沉积背景（一个浅水台地、一个深水盆地和三个深水大陆斜坡）差异有关。作者通过对石煤的分布、厚度、物质组分、岩石类型、物理化学性质和伴生元素的讨论，认为其形成机理为：海平面上升，由上升洋流携带富养海水在沉积速率缓慢和少泥的条件下，促使菌藻类大量发育，并由此引起海底缺氧环境；菌藻类死亡后沉积在海底，经过复杂的成岩变质作用就形成了石煤。     

Reliability level III method in design of square pillar resting on weak floor stratum

Summary Current methods of design of pillars resting on weak floor strata involve only a deterministic, conventional safety factor calculation, based on material parameters treated as the mean values taken from observations. In a case where high parameters variability occurs, these methods may lead to fatal design errors resulting in excessive pillar settlement and roof falls. Therefore, to include the influence of parameters quality, the new approach based on reliability level III method was developed. Consideration was given to the identification of the system parameters importance, and to density function for the safety factor treated as a random variable. Design procedure involving floor probability of failure was illustrated by numerical examples.     

Chemical structural units of macromolecular coal components

Chemical degradations of coal resins, coal asphaltenes and coal residues have been performed with selective, non-oxidative reagents. The coal comprise samples a rank interval 0.30–1.21 %R_m. Degraded low-molecular-weight compounds were analyzed by GC-MS. The distributions of pentacyclic terpanes, isoprenoids, n-alkanes, acids and alcohols obtained as degradation products illustrate a considerable variability between the macromolecular coal fractions. A structural study on the molecular level of the degraded compounds from coal resins and coal asphaltenes show their potential to generate hydrocarbons during coalification process.     

Structure and origin of terpenoid hydrocarbons in some German coals

Hydrocarbon extracts of coal samples from major coal fields in West Germany have been investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The samples are of Carboniferous and Tertiary age and derive from limnic and paralic environments, the Saar District, the Ruhr Area and the Lower Rhine Basin.Differences in facies, maturity and age reflected in the distribution patterns of the extracted alkylcyclohexanes. An unexpected occurrence of cyclic diterpenoid hydrocarbons in some samples of Carboniferous age has been found. The tetracyclic compounds mainly show phyllocladane type structures and can serve as source indicators.Hydrocarbons obtained from chemical degradation of the macromolecular material of the samples also revealed phyllocladane-type compounds which are normally associated to resins of modern and extinct familes of conifers. Origin and structural variations of this class of hydrocarbons are discussed in terms of maturity and palaeobotanical implications.     

郴州地区煤田地质特征及找煤远景区

本区地槽型煤田,主要是下寒武统牛蹄塘组,由一套浅海相碳质板岩为主组成的含钒石煤岩系,与下伏地层呈整合关系。地台型煤田有下石炭统测水煤系和上二叠统斗岭煤系,它们是以一套海陆交互相的细碎屑岩为主,夹菱铁矿或黄铁矿结核及煤组成,与下伏地层呈整合关系。其中斗岭煤系的煤层分布广,煤层及煤质较好,是本区找煤的对象。地洼型煤田,为上三叠—下侏罗统煤系,呈零星小块分布,是一套以陆相,杂色粗碎屑岩为主,夹泥岩及煤组成,与下伏地层呈不整合关系。主要发育在资兴市和宜章县一带,找煤条件次于斗岭煤系。     

利用水化学场,温度场判断矿坑水补给源及其比例

不同补给源的水,其水质、水温存在差异。根据质量和热量守恒原理,通过对不同补给水源进行长期观察,可确定矿坑水的补给源及其比例。作者推导出了存在二种和三种补给水源情况下各补给水源所占比例的计算公式,并应用到湖南洞口县的石下江煤矿,取得了良好效果。     

用地震反射波定量解释煤层厚度的方法

一、引言 工业可采煤层厚度一般为1.5m,如何从地震资料上准确圈定1m厚的煤层边界、并定量解释煤层厚度、准确计算地质储量,国外一些学者研究了薄层地震反射波的动力学特征与薄层厚度的关系后,得出了不同的薄层垂直分辨率标准,Widess用零相位子波作实验时,发现当薄层厚度为λ/8(λ是地震子波的主波长)时,反射波形正好是入射波的导数,并可直观地鉴别顶底反射;Kallweit利用可控震源研究了薄层响应的频谱后,提出了分辨地震波的极限为1/(1.4f)(f为地震子波的上限频率),经主频换算后,此