Experimental Study on Hydrocarbon Formation Due to Reactions Between Carbonates and Water or Water—Bearing Minerals in Deep Earth

In order to investigate the mechanism of formation of abiogenetic hydrocarbons at the depth of the Earth,experimental research on reactions between carbonates and water or waterbearing minerals was carried out at the pressure of about 1GPa and the temperature range of 800-1500℃.The reactions took place in an open and nonequilibrium state.Chromatographic analyses of the gas products indicate that in the experiments there were generated CH4-dominated hydrocarbons,along with some CO2 and CO.Accordingly,we think there is no essential distinction between free-state water and hydroxy in the minerals in the process of hydrocarbon formation.This study indicates that reactions between carbonates and water or water-bearing minerals should be an important factor leading to the formation of abiogenetic hydrocarbons at the Earth‘s depth.     

淮南顾桥煤矿新构造运动的证据

新构造运动系指晚新生代以来的构造运动,其在天然地震研究、煤田地质与油气勘探、城市建设等领域均具有重要的意义。以淮南顾桥煤矿为研究区,结合区域构造背景和顾桥煤矿的地震地质条件,利用地震解释中的层拉平技术恢复研究区典型剖面的古构造地貌,厘定了各条断层的时空配置关系;结合13块钻孔岩心样品的ESR和热释光年龄,定量分析了断层的发育年代。结果表明:研究区存在新构造运动,且与地震层拉平构造演化预测结论吻合;研究成果对于顾桥煤矿的设计和安全生产的意义。     

Role of aeolian sediment accretion in the formation of heuweltjie earth mounds,western South Africa

The action of organisms in shaping landforms is increasingly recognized; the field of biogeomorphology and the conceptual framework of ecosystem engineering have arisen in response to the need for integrated studies of the interactions between biotic and abiotic components of landscapes. Pathways by which organisms influence landscape development may be complex. For example, primary change initiated by one biotic element may initiate a cascade of other changes that eventually produce a significant landscape modification. Mound‐like landforms in North America and southern Africa are widely cited examples of biogenic structures, yet there is considerable controversy regarding the processes responsible for their formation. Heuweltjies (Afrikaans for little hills) are circular mounds ranging from 10–30 m diameter and 0.5–2 m height and are widespread in western South Africa. Colonies of the termite (Microhodotermes viator) are typically associated with heuweltjies and some investigators have attributed heuweltjie formation to the direct action of termites in redistributing earthen materials. However, rather than being directly responsible in this way, termites simply create nutrient‐rich islands, which support denser vegetation, thereby inducing the localized accretion of aeolian sediments and upward growth of mounds. Contrasting soil features in heuweltjies in one locale indicate these processes have occurred throughout the late Quaternary. Geographic variation in sizes of mounds is explained in part by the local availability of sediments that can be mobilized and redistributed by the wind. Recognition of the operation of aeolian processes in the formation of heuweltjies has important implications for conservation. Any land use that diminishes the sediment‐trapping effect of vegetation on heuweltjies truncates the very process by which new aeolian materials can accrue and may promote irreversible erosion and landscape degradation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

天津市蓟县东营房叠层石矿的开发利用研究

天津市蓟县东营房水泥灰岩矿区赋存着叠层石矿资源,叠层石灰岩赋存于中元古界蓟县系铁岭组上段的层位中,经估算,叠层石灰岩的储量达1000万m^3。这些叠层石灰岩是一种微生物沉积岩石,其美丽的色彩和层纹特性,经深加工可形成建筑饰面石料和叠加层石工艺品坯料,通过合理的市场开发,可使叠层石灰岩的价值倍增,产生可观的经济效益和良好的社会效益。     

上海城市天际线与高层建筑发展之关系分析

以上海市2000年中心城区航空影像为基础,基于GIS技术分析城市高层建筑与天际线的分布特点及其影响机制。认为城市天际线与高层建筑相互制约,高层建筑的发展与布局必须考虑城市天际线的特色。     

井水位气压效应特征差异研究

基于三峡井网所在地的地质构造背景、气压变化特征和井孔结构,分析了整个井网井水位气压变化特征及其差异,以及与含水层物理力学参数之间的关系等.分析结果表明,承压井水位气压效应特征差异与含水层岩性、井孔深度有关.     

世界砂岩型铀矿探明资源的分布及特征

最新核电发展规划显示未来我国对铀资源的需求很大。长久来看在继续加大国内勘探力度的同时,需尽快了解国外已探明铀资源尤其是砂岩型铀资源的分布,以更好地从全球视角完善我国的铀资源供应链。我国北方砂岩型铀矿大规模勘探始于本世纪初,起点较晚,在实际勘探和研究中也遇到较多难题及困惑。因此与全球同类型矿床的对比研究亟需展开,亦要求首先了解世界各国砂岩型铀矿的分布和基本特征。本文通过大量文献和最新勘探形势的调研整理,对比分析了近年来全球主要产铀国砂岩型铀矿资源量的变化,系统全面地编制了全新的全球和各国(或各大洲)已发现砂岩型铀矿床及其容矿层位分布图,总体可较精细地反映迄今全球各国已探明砂岩型铀矿分布面貌的现状,同时提炼了重点矿床的主要地质特征。最后总结出全球已发现砂岩型铀矿时空分布具有五大特征:(1)全球分布广泛但不均衡,跨欧亚存在东西向巨型铀矿带;(2)规模因地而异、(超)大型矿床较多;(3)平面分布与气候环境耦合明显;(4)容矿层时代跨度长、成矿时间相对较晚;(5)主要赋存于含油气或聚煤能源盆地中。本文提供了一份可以快速了解和全面把握全球砂岩型铀资源分布及其重要地质特征的材料,为科研人员提供可对比研究的国外矿床实例,同时也为我国企业"走出去"和"走向哪里"提供科学依据。     

基于钻孔数据任意边域地层分界面B-Rep建模研究

对相邻钻孔数据的类型进行了分析,对不同连续性和规则性的地层分界面进行了建模.考虑地层分界面的光滑性和整体控制性,运用边界表示法(B-Rep)和B样条曲面重构地层分界面,为地层建模提供了一种新的方法.建模研究表明:在钻孔数据前处理算法的基础上,B-Rep能够建立连续型、非连续型、空洞型等任意边域的地层分界面.     

浅谈GPS建立精密工程控制网、广播星历误差对相对定位精度的影响

通过某厂二种常规方法获得的成果与GPS网分别用广播星历（随机商用软件）、精密星历（精密软件）处理采集数据获得成果对比,研究GPS定位技术建立精密控制网和广播星历（随机软件）误差对相对定位精度的影响。     

河北灵寿县变质岩区大理岩系赋水规律分析

河北灵寿县山丘区是太行山前典型的严重缺水地区。在该区广泛分布的片岩、片麻岩等变质岩的富水性一般较差。对变质岩区大理岩系地下水赋存规律的分析可以更好地指导和帮助当地群众解决长期面临的缺水问题。分析结果表明:该区主要存在三种大理岩含水岩组类型和两种蓄水构造类型;地下水水化学类型为Ca-HCO3型水,水质符合国家饮用水标准。