用辩证方法指导找矿的一实例

本文介绍了笔者70年代初期运用科学的辩证的方法指导找矿,从系统地掌握和研究靶区的区域地质资料,找矿工作的历史及前人的工作成果起步,结合实地踏勘检验,分析其工作程度,找出工作中的薄弱环节,抓住主要矛盾,选准突破口,集中主要力量进行攻关。在攻破主要矛盾时,重视野外实地调查研究,重视第一性资料的观察和搜集,重视区分事物的个性特征,善於在区别中来探索突破矛盾的钥匙。在这一套科学的辩证的方法的指导下,突破了一个地层层位问题,终於为阿尔巴尼亚找到了他们国家规模、质量和远景最大的铝土矿床。     

土壤吸附汞测量与直流激电法结合寻找地下水

赣北一个隐覆红盆地,上部为30~50 m厚的第四系覆盖层,下部为第三系红砂岩,找水困难。采用土壤吸附汞测量和直流激电法找水,通过分析、总结测区地下水的赋存特征,明确找水方向,优选出好的找水区段,取得了良好的效果。该地已成为一个中型地下水源地,日产水量3万t以上。由此可见,物化探方法结合使用,是红层地区寻找地下水资源的一种行之有效的手段。该方法的特点是经济、快速、方便,在厚覆盖区反映能力强,具有广泛的应用前景。     

湖北建始北部二叠纪地层硒的来源与富集

在建始北部 1∶5万地质填图中 ,调查了该区二叠纪的 3个硒异常层位———孤峰组、吴家坪组和大隆组。在硒异常层或其下伏层位中发现有基性火山碎屑沉积 ,硒的含量与基性火山碎屑在地层序列与平面展布上呈正比。从地质时代的一致性上反映硒的来源与西南地区峨眉山玄武岩喷发或风化作用有关。硒含量变化与海平面升降曲线表现出正相关 ,在最大海泛面处达最大值。大的容纳空间和水体能量较低的环境 ,利于有机碳质大量吸附硒 ,造成硒的富集。     

Use of soil horizons for assessing soil degradation and reconstructing chronology of degradation processes: the case of Mwisanga Catchment, Kondoa, central Tanzania

This paper analyses the use of soil horizons for mapping soil degradation intensity and reconstructing chronology of degradation processes. Through “Pedogenetic Baseline Approach”, the catchment was classified into two categories: the erosional and depositional zones. The eroded soils were reconstructed even in those areas where there had been total soil stripping. Profiles of the undegraded soil provided a reference mark (particularly the argillic B horizon of Lixisols). One specific criterion for determining the degree of soil degradation of a given map unit in the erosional zone was based on whether A or B horizons or both had been eroded. Another criterion for classifying the units in the depositional zone was based on relating the quality of the buried soil with the overlying young soil developed from the colluvium/alluvium. Hence, the study underscores the importance of being able to reconstruct soil properties of pre-eroded soil profiles with the view to determining erosion units. This will eventually help in developing appropriate land use and conservation strategies.     

地震剖面分类与浅层三种波的层位对比

3种波指的是反射纵波,折射纵波,瑞雷面波.层位对比指的是3种波波场特征对比和它们各自反演所得的波速对比.对比的目的是为了确定剖面中形成3种波的地层及其层位,为3种波交叉渗透的联合反演奠定基础.本文所述内容是同时应用3种波,进行多波勘探方法理论的重要组成部分.为适应这种新型多波勘探的正、反演,文中首先以剖面中层数和相邻层之间波速大小关系为依据,介绍剖面分类与命名的方法,而后针对本文主题,论述利用3种波的波场特征和波速关系,进行层位对比的方法.     

试论翻译的文化视界能否融合的问题——从《红楼梦》英译谈起

从阐释学的“视界融合”这一命题为切入点,通过对杨宪益和霍克思等人所翻译的《红楼梦》为译例,探讨了采取不同翻译策略所呈现出的不同形态的文化视界,最后强调译者为获得最大化的文化视界势必配合各种补偿手段,以便成功移植原语文化的信息。     

兖州西部奥陶系水文地质特征

华北地区奥陶系厚度大,富水性强。本文以兖州西部水源地勘探、抽水试验资料为基础,通过对奥陶系的水文地质特征的综合研究,将奥陶系含水岩组划分为7个含水层段。该方案在鲁西南的水文地质勘探中已得到了普遍应用。      

The origin of major talc deposits in the Eastern Desert of Egypt: relict fragments of a metamorphosed carbonate horizon?

Detailed geochemical and mineralogical investigation of four talc deposits in the Eastern Desert of Egypt (Atshan, Abu Gurdi, Darhib and Kashira) suggests that the deposits form a distinct lithological unit within the Shadli metavolcanic rocks. The talc crystallized from the replacement of siliceous carbonate beds locally intercalated with clastic sediments. Th/Yb vs. Ta/Yb ratios of the rocks suggest that the sediments and the host volcanic rocks formed in an active continental margin (ACM) environment. Thus, the talc deposits may represent relict fragments of an ancient, regionally extensive carbonate horizon within the arc-related metavolcanics. The talc-rich rocks, which contain relict carbonate, serpentinized olivine and tremolite, have low (<3 wt%) Al₂O₃, Cr, Ni (<20 ppm), Co and Sc (<15 ppm) concentrations, precluding mafic or felsic igneous protoliths. The deposits were locally affected by contact metamorphism, giving rise to pyroxene-hornfels and granulite facies assemblages, and by regional metamorphism which produced greenschist-amphibolite grade assemblages. Disseminated sulfides commonly occur in the talc-tremolite-rich rocks (having low Al₂O₃ concentrations), suggesting that the metals were probably present in the original carbonate beds, but were remobilized and reconcentrated during the various metamorphic events.     

北京市平原地面沉降区含水岩组和可压缩层划分

通过对北京平原区水文地质、工程地质条件及地面沉降现状的区域性研究,结合典型沉降区的水文地质、钻探和土工试验数据分析,首次对含水岩组和可压缩层组进行了划分。可为首都地面沉降观测网站及地面沉降预警预报系统的建设提供重要参考。     

建所以来西北地区前寒武纪地质研究工作十大进展——回顾与展望

回顾了我所近十多年来对西北区前寒武纪地质研究工作所取得的重要进展。首次制定了《西北区前寒武系划分对比方案》,为进一步开展前寒武纪地质研究工作奠定了基础;相继发现(或肯定)了西北区晚前寒武纪冰碛层,建立了全区震旦系;分别在北山、龙首山、贺兰山、全吉及碧口等地区建立(或厘定)了前寒武系标准(或代表性)剖面,解决了一些长期没有解决的疑难问题;对西北区晚前寒武纪古生物取得了一些新的资料;并解决了一些地区重要矿产含矿层位的时代问题。