A statistical procedure for the analysis of seismotectonically induced hydrochemical signals: A case study from the Eastern Carpathians, Romania

Changes in the stress field of an aquifer system induced by seismotectonic activity may change the mixing ratio of groundwaters with different compositions in a well, leading to hydrochemical signals which in principle could be related to discrete earthquake events. Due to the complexity of the interactions and the multitude of involved factors the identification of such relationships is a difficult task. In this study we present an empiric statistical approach suitable to analyse if there is an interdependency between changes in the chemical composition of monitoring wells and the regional seismotectonic activity of a considered area. To allow a rigorous comparison with hydrochemistry the regional earthquake time series was aggregated into an univariate time series. This was realized by expressing each earthquake in form of a parameter “e”, taking into consideration both energetic (magnitude of a seismic event) and spatial parameters (position of epi/hypocentrum relative to the monitoring site). The earthquake and the hydrochemical time-series were synchronised aggregating the e-parameters into “earthquake activity” functions E, which takes into account the time of sampling relative to the earthquakes which occurred in the considered area. For the definition of the aggregation functions a variety of different “e” parameters were considered. The set of earthquake functions E was grouped by means of factor analysis to select a limited number of significant and representative earthquake functions E to be used further on in the relation analysis with the multivariate hydrochemical data set. From the hydrochemical data a restricted number of hydrochemical factors were extracted. Factor scores allow to represent and analyse the variation of the hydrochemical factors as a function of time. Finally, regression analysis was used to detect those hydrochemical factors which significantly correlate with the aggregated earthquake functions.This methodological approach was tested with a hydrochemical data set collected from a deep well monitored for two years in the seismically active Vrancea region, Romania. Three of the hydrochemical factors were found to correlate significantly with the considered earthquake activities. A screening with different time combinations revealed that correlations are strongest when the cumulative seismicity over several weeks was considered. The case study also showed that the character of the interdependency depends sometimes on the geometrical distribution of the earthquake foci. By using aggregated earthquake information it was possible to detect interrelationships which couldn't have been identified by analysing only relations between single geochemical signals and single earthquake events. Further on, the approach allows to determine the influence of different seismotectonic patterns on the hydrochemical composition of the sampled well. The method is suitable to be used as a decision instrument in assessing if a monitoring site is suitable or not to be included in a monitoring net within a complex earthquake prediction strategy.     

海沟金矿地质-地球化学特征及其成矿机制探讨

海沟金矿床产于海沟花岗岩体中,受NE-NNE向断裂控制,为大型贫硫化物石英脉型金矿床.微量元素研究表明成矿作用以充填作用为主,矿床主要指示元素为Au、Ag、Hg、Pb、Bi、Mo,由上至下的轴向分带序列为Ba-Hg-Ag-Bi-Au-As-Sb-Pb-Mo.同位素和流体地球化学资料表明成矿物源与色洛河群变质岩系和海沟花岗岩有关,成矿流体由岩浆水和古大气降水组成,流体属CO2-NaCl-Na2SO4-H2O型.在区域地质构造演化背景下,深大断裂的活动导致富金的色洛河群变质岩系发生深熔作用形成海沟花岗岩及富矿质和矿化剂的岩浆热液,同时也产生了以大气降水为主的含矿热液.在143 Ma左右,随区内应力场转变为张性,并在岩体和周边地层中形成大量NE-NNE向次级断裂系统,富矿质和矿化剂的岩浆热液和以大气降水为主的含矿热液的平衡被打破,导致两种流体向NE-NNE向次级断裂系统的扩容带迁移,混合作用、沸腾作用以及物化条件的改变导致金的沉淀,从而造就了海沟金矿床.     

上海市公共卫生中心空调设计

介绍了上海市公共卫生中心空调通风的设计特点,突出反映在呼吸道传染病区、呼吸道门诊、呼吸道临检、生物安全实验室的系统设计中,并介绍了空调水系统的特殊要求。     

渭北东部奥陶系岩溶地下水环境同位素特征分

本文通过对渭北东部岩溶地下水环境同位素组成特征的研究，分析了大气降水、地表水、地下水三者之间的转化关系，并对研究区岩溶地下水的形成进行了初步探讨，认为大气降水是研究区岩溶地下水的补给源，地表水与地下水之间存在水力联系，地表水对地下水的补给占补给水源的74.3％。西部岩溶裸露区为岩溶水的直接补给区，其周边浅埋区为岩溶水的间接补给区，东南部的岩溶中-深埋区为岩溶水的径流排泄区。     

Development of an integrated conceptual model for the rational management of the transboundary Nestos River, Greece

This paper provides a detailed analysis of the geologic, hydrologic and hydrogeologic characteristics of Nestos River basin, which is formed within the Greek mountainous part of the river. The quantitative analysis was mainly based on the data of the river flow in different gauging points across the rivercourse as well as on the data of groundwater discharge from karst springs of the mountainous area while important conclusions were made regarding the hydraulic connection between the surface waters of the river and the groundwater of the karst aquifers of the basin. The qualitative analysis has shown that the quality of both surface waters and groundwaters of the investigated basin is high, whereas, no sources of contamination were indicated during this research. The possible effects of the two large dams of Platanovrisi and Thesavros are also analysed as they strongly affect the quantitative and qualitative regime of the river delta.     

土壤水资源的特性及若干指标

在分析作物生长条件下土壤水均衡要素的基础上，探讨了土壤水资源的概念，深入分析了土壤水资源的特性（对降水的依赖性与相关性、不易保存性、不可开采性、就地利用性和可调控性）。提出了土壤水理论无效库容、土壤水最大次调节量、土壤水可利用量等指标，并初步探讨了河北王瞳试验场土壤水资源的特征。王瞳试验场土壤水理论无效库容为３５５ｎｍ，土壤水最大次调节量为３１４ｍｍ；土壤水储存量和土壤水可利用量随气象条件、灌溉以     

益阳市矿泉水的基本特征及形成机理探讨

益阳市矿泉水是一种弱酸、弱碱性、低矿化、富含偏硅酸的ＨＣＯ３－Ｃａ天然优质饮料矿泉水。它赋存于武陵期海底裂隙式喷溢形成的基性火山岩－细碧玄武岩的构造断裂和半风化层的风化裂隙之中。矿泉水水量起源于多途，化学成分形成于多因，是多因复成的产物。     

义马新安煤矿特大型奥灰突水的治理

采用“上阻、中栏、下堵”的立体堵水方法，封堵了义马新安煤矿1995年11月5日发生的特大型（4257m3／h）奥灰突水通道，解放被淹矿井，堵水效果良好。     

口泉沟南水源地环境同位素研究和水资源评价

分析了大同矿区口泉沟南区的水文地质条件，利用氢，氧，铀，硫，碳等环境同位素研究了口泉南与相邻的泉域和三层洞泉域的关系及地下水的补给来源；用有限元法进行了地下水资源评价和水位预报，证明在该区建立供水１０＾４ｍ＾３的水源地是可能的。     

真空预压法在连云港潮间带软基加固工程中的应用

以实际工程为例,论述了真空预压排水固结法加固连云港沿海地区潮间带软土地基的原理和施工要点,对工程实际的观测结果进行了深入分析。实践证明,使用真空预压法,对地基施加相当于80kPa荷载的真空压力,100d后地基的总沉降量可达到1m,地基土的平均固结度超过80％,经过加固的地基土抗剪强度明显增加,地基承载力基本满足后续施工要求。表明真空预压法适用连云港沿海潮间带软基加固,效果明显。