三灰桩地基处理方法在工程中的应用

通过对某地基处理实例分析，说明在二灰桩的桩体中加入适量水泥，形成三灰桩，较二灰桩强度有较大提高，可形成较高强度的复合地基。     

Assessing Environmental Impacts of Wastewater Treatment Alternatives for Small‐Scale Communities

The effluents of wastewater treatment plants in small sized communities of less than 2000 population equivalent (PE), which are discharged into sensitive receiving water environments, must receive “appropriate treatment” according to the EU Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive. Appropriate treatment depends on the quality objectives of the receiving waters as well as the relevant provisions of the member states. In this study, wastewater treatment options, such as vegetated land treatment (VLT), constructed wetlands (CW), and activated sludge treatment (AST), by which effluents are discharged to sensitive and less sensitive areas are evaluated by the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. For this purpose, data related to energy usage, land requirement, raw material consumption, and released emissions from the life phases were collected with an inventory study and the environmental impacts were assessed by using SimaPro 7.1 LCA software. The results obtained from the assessments were compared with each other, which indicated that for small‐scale communities VLT and CW are the most environmentally friendly wastewater treatment option.     

Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility of heated rocks

Heating produces changes, which does not always correspond to simple enhancement of the magnetic fabric. Two methods are proposed to determine the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility of the ferrimagnetic minerals formed or that have disappeared by chemical change during successive heating. The first diagonalizes the tensor from the difference between each tensor term before and after heating. The second employs linear regression for each tensor term made with the values obtained throughout a thermal treatment. When the same magnetic fabric is obtained from several thermal steps, it cannot be related to randomly oriented ferrimagnetic minerals. Instead, the newly formed fabric must be related to characteristics of the pre-existing rock. By comparing this ferrimagnetic minerals fabric with the initial whole rock fabric, we can distinguish cases where heating simply enhances pre-existing fabric from those where thermal treatment induces a different fabric. Relative to the pre-heating fabric, this different fabric may simply be an inverse fabric or one whose principal susceptibility axes are oriented in a different direction, related to petrostructural elements other than those defining the initial fabric.     

棱体、沉箱上桩基施工易出现的问题及预防、处理措施

在各种地质条件下,钻孔灌注桩适应性好、施工简单易操作,且设备投入一般不是很大,因此得到了广泛的应用。针对青岛沿海区域几个海工工程钻孔灌注桩施工,特别是沉箱和棱体上的桩基施工中出现的新问题进行分析,并提出了相应的预防处理措施,以提高钻孔灌注桩施工程质量。     

杏子川油田撬装注水设备的应用研究

随着油田开发期限的延长,杏子川油田剩余含油区块存在着储量小、品位低、采收率低等问题,油田注水开发势在必行。由于注水规模迅速扩大,其注水区块较为分散,建大型注水站不能适应当前注水开发的需要,因此急需体积小、占地面积小、运行费用低、便于安装与移动的撬装注水站,其设备通过不断改良,污水处理技术日益娴熟,处理后的水质逐渐达到注水水质标准,解决了小区块注水开采难的问题。目前,杏子川油田在撬装注水设备应用效果很好,已建成多座撬装注水站,取得了较好的注水开发效果,逐步从规模注水向精细注水转变。     

地埋式砂滤系统及其环境意义

地埋式砂滤系统是一种新的生活污水处理技术 ,主要由预处理单元、布水系统和砂滤3部分组成。其原理主要是通过包气带中的生物降解、吸附、沉淀、过滤等机理净化污水。大量资料表明 ,地埋式砂滤系统不仅具有简单、可靠、低能耗、低建设费用、易操作等特点 ,而且其处理效果好、水力负荷高、占地面积小、对地表环境影响小等 ,是处理小流量生活污水的有效途径。加强地埋式砂滤系统的研究和应用 ,对环境保护和污水资源化均有重大的现实意义。     

水泥土搅拌桩法在连云港海相软土地基中的应用

水泥土搅拌桩加固软土地基,其固化剂品种、掺量及施工工艺等都是影响桩身质量的重要因素。这里介绍了连云港海相软土地基水泥土搅拌桩法（湿法）加固的现场研究情况。试验结果表明,连云港海相软土地基宜选用矿渣水泥作固化剂,且掺入量不应小于21 %;采用变掺入量工艺（上多下少）有利于提高桩身上部的质量,改善桩的工作性能。研究结果对于类似工程软土地基的水泥土搅拌桩处理具有指导意义。     

一个失败地基处理工程的剖析

本文揭示了一个失败的地基处理工程实例,分析了导致失败的直接原因,以供同行们借鉴。     

巯基棉分离富集ICP-AES法测定高盐冶金废水中痕量铅镉铜银

矿山企业的冶金废水含有多种污染环境的金属元素,必须经过化学沉淀法处理达标后排放。冶金废水经化学沉淀后引入了大量盐分,使得金属元素含量变得极低给分析测试造成困难。针对此类高盐冶金废水,本文采用巯基棉分离富集其中的金属元素,建立了运用电感耦合等离子体光谱(ICP-AES)测定铅、镉、铜、银的分析方法。通过优化实验表明,巯基棉可有效地分离实际样品中大量存在的硫酸根离子和钠离子基体,富集待测元素的效果显著,硫酸根离子和钠离子回收率均小于0.05%,待测元素的回收率在88.7%~113.0%之间。实验条件方面,待测溶液的pH值对巯基棉吸附有较大的影响,使用巯基棉富集前应将溶液调节至适宜的pH值;待测溶液在富集柱中的流速和洗脱剂盐酸的浓度对分离富集效果也有一定的影响。在最佳实验条件下,本法回收率为95.0%~102.0%,精密度(RSD)为3.1%~9.4%,方法快速简便、准确度高,能够满足冶金废水中痕量金属元素的检测需求。     

Investigation of mechanism of ultrasound on coal flotation

Coal flotation studies were carried out in ultrasonically assisted flotation cells. Representative hard coal slime samples from Prosper-Haniel Coal Preparation Plant located in Bottrop, Ruhr Region of Germany were used for this purpose. A Wemco type flotation cell was fitted with transducers and tests were carried out at variable frequency and power. The reagent for coal flotation was Ekofol-440 with variable dosages during conventional and ultrasonic flotation experiments. The results showed that ultrasonic coal flotation yields more combustible recovery and lower ash values in concentrates than conventional flotation by using similar reagent dosages. These results are explained on the basis of efficient surface cleaning of the coal particles.