膜生物反应器处理难降解废水的特性研究

膜生物反应器与生物接触氧化法处理难降解废水的对比研究表明,在相同的运行条件下,膜生物反应器比生物接触氧化法具有更稳定的出水水质,其平均出水COD_cr去除率达到88.41%,比接触氧化法提高了近30%;其平均色度去除率达到85.27%,相比接触氧化法,提高了近30%。通过出水分子量组成分析发现,膜出水以分子量介于3 000和10 000之间的物质为主,占总数的88.36%,接触氧化以分子量大于10 000的物质为主,占总物质的72.04%,介于3 000和10 000之间的仅占9.76%。     

Algal Cultivation for Treating Wastewater in African Developing Countries: A Review

The tremendous increase in human population and rapid decline in freshwater resources have necessitated the development of innovative and sustainable wastewater treatment methods. Africa as a developing continent is currently backing on sustainable solutions to tackle impending water resource crisis brought forward by wastewater‐induced environmental pollution and climate change. Microalgae‐based wastewater treatment systems represent an emerging technology that is capable of meeting the new demand for improved wastewater treatment and climate change mitigation strategies in an environmentally friendly manner. This review critically looks at the opportunities of Africa in harnessing and exploiting the potential of microalgae for the treatment of various wastewaters based on their capacity to recycle nutrients and for concurrent production of valuable biomass and several useful metabolites. Wastewaters, if improperly/completely untreated and discharged, simultaneously pollute freshwater sources and present significant health and environmental risks. Nutrients in wastewater can be utilized and recovered in the form of marketable biomass and products when integrated with the cultivation of microalgae. Several valuable bioproducts can be generated from wastewater‐grown microalgal biomass including biofuels, biofertilizers, animal feed, and various bioactive compounds. This biorefinery approach would most certainly improve wastewater treatment process economics, enhancing the technical feasibility of algae‐based wastewater remediation in African countries.     

海水中三价与六价铬高效液相色谱-三重四级杆电感耦合等离子体质谱法(HPLC-TQ-ICP-MS)的联用测定

基于高效液相色谱(HPLC)与三重四级杆电感耦合等离子体质谱(TQ-ICP-MS)联用技术,构建海水中三价铬与六价铬在线分离与测定的检测方法。采用TQ-ICP-MS碰撞反应池(KED)技术消除³⁵Cl¹⁶O¹H⁺、⁴⁰Ar¹²C对⁵²Cr同位素测定可能存在的质谱干扰。选用Dionex IonPac AG 7 (4 mm×50 mm10μm)阴离子交换柱为分析柱,对流动相浓度及pH值进行优化,结果表明,当流动相浓度为0.08 mol/L NH₄NO₃、0.6 mmol/L EDTA,pH值7.5,流速1.0 mL/min时,仅需80 s就可以完成三价铬和六价铬的理想分离与测定。对络合剂EDTA的络合浓度、pH、温度及时间进行了深入研究,结果显示,当EDTA浓度为10 mmol/L、络合pH值7.5、络合温度50°C、络合时间2 h时,三价铬可以最大程度的被EDTA络合。在0.1～50.0μg/...     

造纸废水灌溉对芦苇湿地微生物的影响研究

为了解造纸废水灌溉对滨海芦苇湿地的影响,测定了几种灌溉条件下湿地基质中微生物数量、微生物量碳/总有机碳(MBC/ TOC)和土壤有效硫等指标.结果表明:造纸废水灌溉能显著提高基质中微生物数量和活性,且受季节影响较明显,一般在9月份最高;微生物数量在基质内垂直分布为上层>下层,特别是放线菌、真菌;反硝化细菌与土壤TN,纤维素分解菌与废水COD去除率,及MBC/TOC与基质呼吸强度相关性较好;硫酸盐还原细菌数量在10月份以后激增,使基质变黑,但对芦苇根系影响较小.废水灌溉能改良滨海盐碱土壤,促进退化生态系统的修复,但不同灌溉模式对微生物种群组成的影响不同,推荐采用间歇灌溉(w4)或低水深恒流灌溉(w1)模式.     

疏肝健脾解毒方含药血清对MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞凋亡及Bax、Bcl-2的影响

目的：研究疏肝健脾解毒方含药血清对MDA-MB-231三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）细胞凋亡及相关X蛋白（Bax）、B淋巴细胞瘤-2（Bcl-2）蛋白表达的影响。方法：给大鼠灌胃疏肝健脾解毒方制备含药血清,设置空白对照组、含药血清低剂量组、含药血清中剂量组、含药血清高剂量组及阳性对照组,以流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,Western Blot测定Bcl-12、Bax蛋白表达量。结果：各给药组凋亡率及Bax、Bcl-12蛋白表达水平与空白对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;含药血清低、中、高剂量组Bax、Bcl-2蛋白表达水平与阳性对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：疏肝健脾解毒方对MDA-MB-231 TNBC细胞具有凋亡诱导作用,其机制可能与干预Bax、Bcl-2蛋白表达有关。     

微生物在人工湿地污水处理中的研究进展

人工湿地是一种新型污水处理技术,微生物作为人工湿地的主要分解者,在人工湿地去除水中污染物的过程中发挥着重要作用,因其高效污水净化能力目前已得到广泛关注。本文从人工湿地中的微生物多样性、微生物污水净化机理、研究方法及根际微生物的研究等方面介绍了微生物在人工湿地污水处理中的研究进展。指出根际微生物在人工湿地中的的分布和作用特点,以及开展研究的重要意义。     

厌氧接触消化技术处理高浓度淀粉废水研究

实验采用厌氧接触消化技术，分别在中温（３２℃）和自然温度条件下处理淀粉厂的高浓度废水。结果表明，采用中温厌氧消化可取得较好的处理效果，原水不调ｐＨ（原水ｐＨ为４．０～４．９）直接进反应器，容积负荷最高达５．０６ｋｇＣＯＤｃｒ／ｍ３·ｄ，进水ＣＯＤｃｒ平均１１．６０４×１０３ｍｇ／ｌ，出水ＣＯＤｃｒ平均１．７７８×１０３ｍｇ／ｌ，ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率达８５．８％，出水ｐＨ提高到６．４～７．０。采用自然温度消化，当气温大于２４℃时，可取得较好的处理效果     

Circulation in Tasman Bay

Direct current measurements at four locations in Tasman Bay and numerical model results are used to analyse the mean flow in Tasman Bay. The mean circulation conforms to that previously found from drift card experiments: a clockwise circulation in Golden Bay, and an anti‐clockwise flow in Tasman Bay, with a return south‐westerly flow on the coast near Nelson. Typical mean speeds are 0.02–0.05 m.s^‐1. The circular flow appears asymmetrical in both bays, with a stronger outflow along Farewell Spit in Golden Bay and near D'Urville Island in Tasman Bay.

An analytical tidal solution is used to exhibit the influence of Cook Strait in producing smaller tidal amplitudes in eastern Tasman Bay. Tidal speeds of 0.15–0.30 nus^‐1 are typical, with tidal ellipses having degenerated into north‐east, south‐west lines.     

Chemical Characterization of Biosolids from Three Spanish WWTPs: Transfer of Organics and Metallic Pollution from Urban Wastewater to Biosolids

The production of biosolids in three Spanish wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has been investigated. Biosolids produced from the treatment of urban wastewater in Spain are usually intended for agricultural use. The reliable production of biosolids mainly depends on both the quantity of suspended solids and the organic load influent to the treatment systems. The quality of the generated biosolids was independent of both the amount of treated water and the treatment process applied, with 20 to 25% dried matter, and 60 to 75%, 7% and 4% of organic matter, N and P, respectively, of the total matter. The biosolids contained ca. 11 to 19 g/kg of total metals in the dry matter, with Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn representing 97% of all of the metals present, and Hg being the minority metal. Such biosolids had the ability to concentrate the organic matter and metals from the wastewater up to 417 and 869 times, respectively, and thus, can be used in agricultural practice.     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定磷矿石中微量铅和铬

应用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定磷矿石中微量铅和铬,优化了仪器工作参数及石墨炉升温程序,探讨了不同酸溶体系、基体改进剂及共存元素的影响。方法检出限为铅0.25μg/g,铬0.29μg/g;测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=12)在2.2%~7.0%;加标回收率为93.2%~107.7%。方法灵敏度高,干扰少,操作简便,应用于磷矿石中微量铅、铬的测定获得了满意的结果。