层状边坡滑动边界强度参数取值方法研究

滑坡滑带土强度参数取值的准确性,决定了滑坡稳定性计算的可靠程度。因此获得准确、可靠的滑动边界强度参数至关重要。然而在实际情况中,由于取样位置试样的代表性,以及试样转运过程中保存条件的限制,现场所取得的滑带土在室内试验得到的强度参数已经不能完全反映真实环境下的抗剪强度。因此考虑软弱夹层、滑带土各种物理和力学指标间存在必然联系,并表现出特定的规律性,尝试通过试验,揭示指标间的关联规律,并建立了相关性好的关系式,据此评价滑动边界的抗剪强度参数。     

Statistical Distributions of Hydraulic Conductivity from Reliability Analysis Data

This paper describes a first-order reliability-based analysis to identify the best-fit probability distributions for hydraulic conductivity. The analysis involved the use of existing hydraulic conductivity model developed from laboratory data and applied to lateritic soils, considering variations in soil parameters. Plots of reliability indices versus coefficients of variation were first made for hydraulic conductivity as well as for initial degree of saturation, plasticity index and clay content, considering three compactive efforts and log-normally distributed hydraulic conductivity. The traditional two-parameter log-normal distribution was compared to four alternative distributions: normal, gamma, Gumbel (extreme value type I-EVT-I) and Weibull (extreme value type III-EVT-III). The analysis showed that the Weibull and normal are the best-fit probability distributions for the hydraulic conductivity based reliability data. Hydraulic conductivities predicted from reliability analysis were used to demonstrate the possibility of applying the results obtained in this research by practising engineers. Experimentally-determined hydraulic conductivities were shown to be in good agreement with predicted values.     

Geochemistry,Paleoenvironment and Mechanism of Organic-Matter Enrichment in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation Shale in the Sichuan Basin,China

To investigate the mechanism of the organic-matter enrichment in the Lower Longmaxi Formation shale, the geochemistry and total organic carbon(TOC) of the Longmaxi Formation black shales in the Jiaoshiba, Zhaotong, and Weiyuan areas of the Sichuan Basin were analyzed. Paleoproductivity proxy parameters(Babio, Siex, and Ni/Al), clastic influx proxies(TiO_2 and Ti/Al), redox indices(V/Cr, Ni/Co, V/(V+Ni), and U/Th), and hydrothermal indicators(Fe, Mn,and Y concentrations; Fe/Ti ratio and a Ni-Zn-Co diagram) were employed to decipher the paleoenvironment of the Lower Longmaxi Formation shales. TiO_2 and Ti/Al indicated low terrigenous detrital influx in all three areas. However, Babio, Siex,and Ni/Al indicated high productivity in the Jiaoshiba area. V/Cr, Ni/Co, and U/Th indicated higher oxygen content with larger fluctuations in the Zhaotong and Weiyuan areas. Fe, Mn, and Y concentrations and the Fe/Ti ratio implied greater active hydrothermal activity in the Weiyuan area. These heterogeneities were considered to be closely related to the paleoenvironment and paleogeography, and the large basement faults that developed during the Chuanzhong paleo-uplift could have provided vents for deep-hydrothermal-fluid upwelling. The redox indices(V/Cr, Ni/Co, and U/Th) and a paleoproductivity proxy(Ni/Al) displayed a significant correlation with the TOC, suggesting that both excellent preservation conditions and high paleoproductivity were the controlling factors for the enrichment of organic matter in the Longmaxi Formation shale. There was no obvious correlation between the clastic influx proxy(Ti/Al) and the TOC due to the extremely low supply of terrigenous debris. The hydrothermal indicator(Fe/Ti) was negatively correlated with the TOC in the Weiyuan area, indicating that hydrothermal activity may have played a negative role in the accumulation of organic matter. This study suggests that the enrichment of organic matter in the Longmaxi Formation marine shale varied according to the paleogeography and sedimentary environment.     

赣南北部黄陂河流域离子型稀土矿地区水质与健康风险评价

水质安全和健康是保障中国赣南老区乡村振兴发展的重要因素。赣南离子型稀土矿长期开发利用,导致浸矿剂和矿体中重金属元素等危害人体健康的物质进入水循环系统,给周边乡村饮用水卫生安全带来了潜在风险。目前,针对当地复垦后稀土矿及周边地区水质和健康风险缺乏系统调查评价,本文以《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)为评价依据,选择赣南北部黄陂河流域典型离子型稀土矿及周边的水体开展调查研究,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱/质谱等技术测定锰、镉等元素含量,采用水质指数(WQI)、危害商(HQ)、致癌风险(CR)评价了锰和铅等9种指标及其健康风险。结果表明：地表水中的异常指标有氨氮(平均值750μg/L)、锰(平均值207μg/L),地下水中的异常指标有氨氮(平均值4533μg/L)、锰(平均值4009μg/L);世界卫生组织(WHO)公布的Ⅰ类致癌物砷在地表水及地下水均未见异常。WQI显示研究区内85.7%的地表水适宜饮用。地表水及地下水中氨氮的HQ平均值<1,对人类健康没有不良影响;地下水中锰的HQ平均值>1,可能会对人类健康产生不良影响。地表水及地下水中致癌元素砷的CR值分布区...     

青藏公路普通填土路基长期变形特征与路基病害调查分析

基于长期监测系统2004－2011年现场监测数据,系统分析青藏公路近年来冻土路基变形特征及路基病害原因。结果表明,目前青藏公路普通填土路基变形主要以融沉变形为主,且沉降变形仍将继续发展。根据路基各部位变形速率的差异性,可以将路基变形划分为均匀与不均匀变形两大类。路基平均沉降速率在2～55 mm/a之间,河流沟谷地带路基变形速率最大,山区路基变形速率次之,其他地貌区路基变形速率最小。路基纵向变形对路面影响较大,主要形成波浪等病害,对道路行车舒适性与安全性有较大隐患。路基横向变形主要产生路基纵向裂隙病害,导致路基向变形较严重一侧坍塌,对路基整体稳定性有较大影响。通过2012年对青藏公路路基病害的调查研究发现,青藏公路多年冻土区路基优、良、中、次、差的比例分别为57.39% 、28.12%、9.71%、4.60%、0.17%。通过对青藏公路普通填土路基长期变形特征的分析,期望为青藏公路的整治维修提供参考,同时为未来青藏高速公路的设计和维护提供依据。     

参数变异性对围护结构稳定性影响分析

利用可靠度分析方法代替传统的安全系数法来分析基坑围护结构的整体稳定性,考虑岩土参数的不确定性和空间变异性,对土性参数进行空间折减可显著提高可靠度分析的精度。结合工程实例,分析了参数均值和变异系数对基坑整体稳定性可靠度指标的影响。分析表明,可靠度指标β对土体黏聚力c、内摩擦角φ、地面超载q及支护桩嵌固深度hd的均值变化的敏感性较安全系数K对上述参数的敏感性强;c、φ及hd值的变异性对β值影响较大,地面超载较大时,其变异性对β影响较为显著;采用可靠度指标β评价基坑整体稳定性较安全系数K更加合理。     

Assessing probability of surface manifestation of liquefaction at a given site in a given exposure time using CPTU

This paper is a follow-up to a previous paper on the subject of liquefaction potential index (LPI), a parameter that is often used to characterize the potential for surface manifestation of liquefaction at a given site subjected to a given shaking level (represented by a pair of peak ground surface acceleration a_max and moment magnitude M_w). In the previous paper by Juang and his coworkers, the LPI was re-calibrated for a piezocone penetration test (CPTU) model, and a simplified model based on LPI was created for computing the conditional probability of surface manifestation of liquefaction (P_G). In this paper, the model for this conditional probability P_G is extended into a complete framework for assessing the probability of surface manifestation of liquefaction in a given exposure time at a given site subjected to all possible ground motions at all seismic hazard levels. This new framework is formulated and demonstrated with an example site in 10 different seismic regions in the United States.     

水化学指标表示裘布依公式的应用

从多矿物溶解化学动力学方程出发,推演并建立了由水化学指标表示的承压二维井流裘布依公式。结合水文地质、水文地球化学特征,列举了水文地质单元内不同区带、各种代表性矿物及相应组分化学指标的基本表达式。以山西省太原西峪煤矿所需解决的水文地质问题为例进行了定量研究与评价,其结果与已有的抽水试验资料接近,为矿井涌水量的评价开辟了一条新的道路。从事实上进一步论证了水化学指标表示裘布依公式的理论概括是正确的。     

局部空间自相关及其在勘探地球化学中的空间聚集研究

运用局部空间自相关 Moran的 Ii 和G*i 指数,研究8130 km2区域内采集的1∶20万水系沉积物1482个组合样点的空间聚集情况,与基于稳健统计学的地球化学异常下限确定方法所圈定的异常范围对空间聚集范围进行对比。结果表明,局部Ii 指数能够很好地探测出程度较弱和范围较小的空间聚集,局部G*i 指数适合于程度较强和范围大的高高聚集探测,所探测出的空间聚集范围较大。使用该方法所发现的地球化学空间聚集范围和程度符合客观实际,与已知矿床(点)吻合很好。     

灰色系统理论预测大气氮氧化物污染的应用

根据中国南方某省所辖城市近年来N0x污染指数的测量数据的统计资料，建立了GM(1，1）灰色预测模型，通过预测探讨了大气中氮氧化物指数的变化趋势。所建模型残差仅1．17％，关联系数为0．9067，精度较高，具有较好的可行性和适应性，可以为管理规则提供决策依据。