The Luzon Strait transport variations during 1997～2000

Based on the output data from 1997 to 2000 obtained by the MITgcm's (general circulation model) adjoint assimilation method, volume, heat and salt transports through the Luzon Strait are calculated. The results indicate that there are obvious different characteristics between 1997 and 1998～2000 on the transports through the Luzon Strait. During 1997, theLuzon Strait had a mean net westward transport of 3.93×10⁶ m³/s with a maximum transport of 7.34×10⁶ m³/s in October. During 1998～2000, the Luzon Strait possessed an annual mean eastward transport of 0.93×10⁶, 1.80×10⁶ and 1.00×10⁶ m³/s respectively with a maximum eastward transport of 4.10×10⁶/3.31×10⁶ m³/s in July 1998/1999 and 2.06×10⁶ m³/s in April 2000, respectively. Moreover, the transports in 1997 indicated a difference from the other years, i.e.,that the ranges of westward inflows expanded more obviously to north of the Luzon Strait and downwards exceedingthose of the other years. The westward inflows expanded horizontally to the north part of the Luzon Strait until 21°N.     

Estimation of Nash's IUH parameters using stochastic search algorithms

In rainfall–runoff studies, it is often necessary to change the duration of a given unit hydrograph. Nash's Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (IUH) is an ideal method that eliminates the hydrograph duration. This paper presents the results of the application of search algorithms, namely a genetic algorithm and hill climbing, to develop the IUH that minimizes the error between the observed and generated hydrographs. Also the performance of these methods has been compared with that of the classical method used for estimation of IUH, namely the method of moments. The genetic algorithm is a popular search procedure for function optimization that applies the mechanics of natural genetics and natural selection to explore a given search space. Hill climbing is an optimization technique that belongs to the family of local search and algorithms can be used to solve problems that have many solutions, with some solutions better than others. The results obtained from both the genetic algorithm and hill climbing algorithm for estimation of Nash's IUH parameters were compared with the results obtained by the method of moments for storms from two river basins that are located in different climatic regions. It was found that both the genetic algorithm and hill climbing provided improved and consistent results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

R＆D投入的区位模式与区域经济发展

基于对中国R＆D投入的区位模式的实证检验，从投入一产出绩效的角度认为集中投入的区位模式具有较强的适宜性。利用聚类分析技术，按照R＆D的投入强度和及其对经济的带动效应、科技化效应、产业化效应将中国各省区划分为6类地区，具有代表性的是科技化模式和产业化模式。其中前者适合于技术存置较高的少数地区，而后者具有较强的借鉴意义。     

包头西6.4级地震临震前宏观异常的研究

通过对包头６．４级地震临震前动物、地下水等宏观异常时、空、强分布特征的研究,提出了利用动物、地下水震前宏观异常加强短临追综研究,进行短临预报的思路和方法。     

Entropy‐based equation to assess hillslope sediment production

A new equation to assess hillslope sediment production, based on physical and probabilistic approaches, is presented. The equation, which allows the computation of the delivery ratio for every event, considers the physical variables of travel distance, stream power, settling velocity and gross erosion. The probability density function that arises from the new formulation is solved using the principle of maximum entropy. Based on data from five watersheds in both tropical and temperate zones, the new delivery parameter K_v is calibrated and associated with vegetation cover and conservation practice. The proposed equation is rationally based in relation to parameter K_v. The entropy‐based equation was applied to assess sediment yield in two other experimental watersheds, showing good predictability for the set (mean absolute error of 20·8%). No systematic error was found in the analysed data. The entropy‐based equation showed good predictability for long‐term sets of data and for high‐erosivity events, but did not perform well for the low‐erosivity ones. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

辽宁省凤城市四道门沟铁矿床地质特征及成因分析

辽宁省凤城市四道门沟铁矿床位于辽东铁、硼成矿带内。以下元古界辽河群变质岩系最为发育,褶皱构造是直接控制本区变质层控铁硼矿的重要控矿条件,其控制着矿体的产出空间位置,并控制着区内铁矿体的展布特征。该区的铁矿属于火山沉积变质-超变质热液迭生层控矿床,矿石自然类型为磁铁矿-透闪石型,局部有磁铁矿-蛇纹石型和磁铁矿-硼镁铁矿型。     

平庄盆地六家立井地区找铀目标层岩石学特征及其找矿意义

六家立井地区位于平庄盆地北缘,白垩系下统阜新组上段是该区砂岩型铀矿床目标层位,具有较好找铀前景。为深入了解该区砂体的岩石学特征,通过野外钻探工作、岩心编录、样品采集及岩矿测试方法,详细研究了目标层碎屑岩类型、碎屑岩成分、结构构造等岩石学方面特征。结果表明目标层碎屑岩成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较低,具有搬运距离短、沉积速度快的特点,其物源较单一,初步判断物源来自盆地东北部和西北部隆起带酸性花岗岩,同时也为铀成矿提供了良好的铀源。     

采用基础摩擦隔震房屋高宽比限值的研究

大量的试验结果和地震经验表明，采用基础隔震方法能有效地提高建筑物的抗震能力，但建筑物的高度在什么范围，即建筑物的高宽比在什么范围内才适合采用这种方法，仍然是一个有待解决的课题。本文对采用基础滑移隔震多层砌体房屋在实际地震作用下的抗倾覆高宽比限值进行了研究，利用Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ－θ数值积分方法计算，得到了多层砌体房屋的高宽比限值的统计值。其数值结果可供编制建筑隔震设计规程参考。     

Pulsatory characteristics of wind velocity in sand flow over typical underlying surfaces

Pulsatory characteristics of wind velocity in sand flow over Gobi and mobile sand surface have been investigated experimentally in the wind tunnel. The primary goal of this paper is to reveal the relation- ship between pulsatory characteristics of instantaneous wind speed in sand flow and the motion state of sand grains. For a given underlying surface, pulsation of wind velocities in sand flow on different heights has a good correlation. As the space distance among different heights increases, fluctuation of instantaneous wind speed presents a decreasing trend and its amplitude is closely related to the mo- tion state of sand grains and their transport. Pulsatory intensity increases with the indicated wind speed, but its relative value does not depend on it, only agrees with height.     

山西交城水峪贯区域构造及地貌形成因素分析

交城水峪贯区域地质构造复杂,三大岩类齐全,岩浆岩类发育,岩层露头特征明显,并伴有煤、铁等矿产分布。区内主要发育NNW、NNE、SN向构造体系,从构造、地貌、地层及岩浆岩等因素分析,本区域经历了多次地质构造运动,对其影响最大的为燕山运动。在早燕山期构造运动中近EW向的主应力作用下形成了本区域古洞道向斜、鲁沿向斜、山前大断裂等构造及狐偃山六大岩浆岩体,后期受应力转变造成本区域X型剪节理发育及构造扭曲等现象。形成了本区域现代地质构造及地貌轮廓。