基于RTK配合测深仪技术测算库容精度探讨

通过对某大型水库库容的测算实践为例，详细地讨论了基于GPSRTK配合测深仪测算水库库容的主要误差来源及其精度。     

武汉市轨道交通一号线一期工程基准复测分析

介绍武汉市轨道交通一号线一期工程基准复测的精度要求，阐述采用GPS，精密数字水准测量等技术进行轨道交通一号线一期工程基准复测的观测，数据处理及达到的精度，根据复测数据分析了基准点的变形原因和规律，得出了一些有益的结论和建议。     

雷达图像中的转换构造信息及其应用

低序次断裂是地壳变形的直接产物，具有丰富的构造变形信息，经过转换的低序次构造。形式多样，图案复杂，是构造研究的重要对象，也是地表稳定性研究的重要基础。利用香港地区航空雷达图像资料，提取其中低序次构造的弱信息，建立转换变形模型，以分析区内不稳定地表的构造背景。区内北东向断裂是主要构造，其右行剪切形成一系列低序次R面，P面，R^1面构造，在雷达图像上表现为线性弱信息并且与微地貌发育有关。利用线性构造增强，提取技术和低序次构造组合分析方法，结合野外地质调查，确定马鞍山地区EW向的张性破裂是NE向张剪断裂的转换，是造成马鞍山滑坡的重要地质因素。     

南沙群岛岛礁地形地貌TM影像特征分析

根据南沙海区的地形地貌特征，利用TM图像，对不同的珊瑚礁、珊瑚沙发育状况和岛礁的地质特征与生态特征进行了分析，研究了水下礁、滩的物质组份、发育程度及TM影像特征，提出了30m以浅岛礁分类方法，查清了南沙海域岛、礁、滩、沙的形态和分布，细化并完善了南沙群岛岛礁分类。     

Shape Similarity measures of Linear Entities

The essential of feature matching technology lies in how to measure the similarity of spatial entities.Among all the possible similarity measures,the shape similarity measure is one of the most important measures because it is easy to collect the necessary parameters and it is also well matched with the human intuition.In this paper a new shape similarity measure of linear entities based on the differences of direction change along each line is presented and its effectiveness is illustrated.     

Atmospheric, oceanic and hydrological contributions to seasonal variations in length of day

 The annual and semiannual residuals derived in the axial angular momentum budget of the solid Earth–atmosphere system reflect significant signals. They must be caused by further excitation sources. Since, in particular, the contribution for the wind term from the atmospheric layer between the 10 and 0.3 hPa levels to the seasonal variations in length of day (LOD) is still missing, it is necessary to extend the top level into the upper stratosphere up to 0.3 hPa. Under the conservation of the total angular momentum of the entire Earth, variations in the oceanic angular momentum (OAM) and the hydrological angular momentum (HAM) are further significant excitation sources at seasonal time scales. Focusing on other contributions to the Earth's axial angular momentum budget, the following data are used in this study: axial atmospheric angular momentum (AAM) data derived for the 10–0.3 hPa layer from 1991 to 1997 for computing the missing wind effects; axial OAM functions as generated by oceanic general circulation models (GCMs), namely for the ECHAM3 and the MICOM models, available from 1975 to 1994 and from 1992 to 1994, respectively, for computing the oceanic contributions to LOD changes, and, concerning the HAM variations, the seasonal estimates of the hydrological contribution as derived by Chao and O'Connor [(1988) Geophys J 94: 263–270]. Using vector representation, it is shown that the vectors achieve a close balance in the global axial angular momentum budget within the estimated uncertainties of the momentum quantities on seasonal time scales. Received: 6 April 2000 / Accepted: 13 December 2000     

中巴地球资源卫星应用及其发展

介绍了中巴地球资源卫星应用系统中 7个分系统的基本概况和数据处理系统的基本特点 ,还对星上三种传感器和高密度磁记录器的特点以及产品的生产能力和类型等进行了简单的描述。重点探索了中巴地球资源卫星遥感数据在资源、环境、灾害监测、各种数据库的建立与更新、遥感定量化等方面的应用前景展望。     

藏南卡鲁雄峰枪勇冰川新冰期冰川发育探讨

山地冰川对气候变化响应敏感,全新世以来,冰川呈加速退缩趋势。冰川地貌是冰川变化最直接的证据。枪勇冰川发源于卡鲁雄峰,位于喜马拉雅山中段北坡雨影区,雅鲁藏布江以南,冰川末端在海拔5000 m附近,冰川面积约为6.63 km2。枪勇沟从外至内共保存有4期冰碛垄,其中以"大枪勇错"外侧的新冰期冰碛垄最为高大,终碛垄高约30 m,且形态清晰。文章基于野外观察及谷歌影像（Google Earth）上冰碛垄的分布范围,恢复并计算了新冰期时枪勇冰川面积约为10.0 km2,较现代冰川扩张了1.5倍。采用VOLTA模型计算了现代冰川的体积为0.21±0.04 km3,平均厚度约为31.7 m。基于纵剖线模型模拟了新冰期冰川表面高程,新冰期冰川平均厚度约为58.5 m,冰川体积约0.59±0.12 km3,是现代冰川体积的2.8倍,体积减小较面积退缩更为剧烈。利用积累区面积比率法（Accumulation Area Ratio Method,简称AAR）,采用AAR值为0.7±0.05,基于现代冰川表面高程和模拟的新冰期冰川表面高程,计算现代冰川和新冰期冰川的物质平衡线高度（Equilibrium Line Altitude,简称ELA）分别为5780±70 m和5660±100 m,新冰期时平衡线高度降低了约120 m。而不利用模型恢复新冰期表面高程时,平衡线降低值为240 m,可能高估约120 m。新冰期时,枪勇冰川扩张受区域降温控制,冰川前进可能是对4.2 ka冷事件的响应。冰碛垄形成时代和大枪勇错孢粉数据表明,冰川可能在2.5 ka左右已经退缩,2.2 ka时退缩加剧。     

都匀市河床地区岩土层工程地质特征

本文对都匀河床地区各岩土层工程地质特征进行了较为详细的阐述,为该区拟建物基础设计提供了较为可靠的工程地质资料。     

Central Europe: Active or residual tectonic stresses

The regional stress field in the Western Alps and their northern foreland has been investigated byin situ stress determinations. More than 600 strain relief measurements were made with resistance strain gages in boreholes carried out in mines, tunnels and quarries. The stresses calculated and data obtained from other papers were used to get a detailed idea of the stress conditions in Central Europe.The measurements confirm a continuous flux of compressive stress from the Alps to the northern foreland east of the Rhinegraben. The largest stresses are observed in the Central Alps, the lowest in the Rhinegraben rift system. The horizontal stresses exceed at nearly all places the vertical ones. Evidently the excess of horizontal stress is generated by active plate tectonics in the Alps. A tectonic model to explain the observed stress pattern is presented.