Theis井流注水导致的含水层水平位移与应变

注水问题的含水层位移模型求解的难点在于边界条件的恰当处理。根据Theis定流量抽水与注水水流模型的反对称特性,假定注水位移模型的无限远通量边界与抽水位移模型的无限远通量边界也具有反对称性,从而得到Theis定流量注水的含水层位移模型解答,发现定流量注水与抽水的含水层骨架颗粒位移速度、累计位移量、径向应变及切向应变的解答均互为反号值。注水过程中含水层在径向有两种形变区,依次为膨胀区和挤压区。在膨胀区和挤压区的界限处,径向位移取得最大值。如果假定含水层顶底板不动,注水导致的地层相对位移足以产生水井或油井套管变形和折断破坏。注水时含水层在切向处于恒拉张状态,这可能导致井壁围岩产生径向放射状张裂缝。     

水平条形均布荷载下横观各向同性弹性地基的位移分析

分析了水平条形均布荷载下横观各向同性地基位移规律,归纳了位移随弹性模量比n之不同而变化的规律,提出了水平条形均布荷载下横观各向同性地基位移的近似简化解,以供岩土工程设计人员参考。     

深置矩形基础与地基共同作用解析分析

基于集中力作用下的Mindlin解位移公式,推导得到均布荷载作用下的地基柔度系数,对地基上的四周自由板与地基共同作用进行简化计算,得出了考虑埋深时地基基础共同作用的解析公式。在基础板为刚性和弹性、荷载为集中荷载及均布荷载的情况下,对考虑埋深时的Mindlin解与不考虑埋深时的Boussinesq解的计算结果进行比较,表明,埋深比对于基础沉降、地基反力的分布、基础板的弯矩等都有一定的影响。给出了考虑埋深时的沉降修正系数公式,以供工程应用参考。     

Genesis of the Mamut Porphyry Copper Deposit, Sabah, East Malaysia

Abstract: The Mamut deposit of Sabah, East Malaysia, is a porphyry type Cu‐Au deposit genetically related to a quartz monzonite (“adamellite”) porphyry stock associated with upper Miocene Mount Kinabalu plutonism. The genesis of the Mamut deposit is discussed based on petrology of the intrusives in the Mount Kinabalu area combined with ore– and alteration–petrography, fluid inclusion and sulfur isotope studies. Groundmass of the adamellite porphyry at Mamut is rich in K which suggests vapor transport of alkaline elements during the mineralizing magmatic process, while the groundmass of the post‐ore “granodiorite” porphyry at Mamut contains small amounts of normative corundum suggesting depletion in alkaline elements at the root zone of the magma column. Sub‐dendritic tremolitic amphibole rims on hornblende phenocrysts in the Mamut adamellite porphyry suggest interaction between the mineralizing magma and the exsolved fluids. Occurrences of clinopyroxene microphenocrysts and pseudomor‐phic aggregates of shredded biotite and clinopyroxene after hornblende phenocrysts in the barren intrusives imply lower water fugacity and decreasing in water fugacity, respectively. Compositional gap between the core of hornblende phenocrysts and the tremolitic amphibole rims and those in the groundmass of the Mamut adamellite porphyry suggests a decrease in pressure. Higher X_Mg (=Mg/(Mg+Fe) atomic ratio) in the tremolitic amphibole rims in the Mamut adamellite porphyry compared to those of the barren intrusions suggests high oxygen fugacity. High halogen contents of igneous hydrous minerals such as amphiboles, biotite and apatite in the Mamut adamellite porphyry suggest the existence of highly saline fluids during the intrusion and solidification of the mineralizing magma. Fluid inclusions found in quartz veinlet stockworks are characterized by abundant hypersaline polyphase inclusions associated with subordinate amounts of immiscible gaseous vapor. Both Cu and Au are dispersed in disseminated and quartz stockwork ores. Chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite as well as magnetite are the principal ore minerals in the biotitized disseminated ores. Primary assemblage of intermediate solid solution (iss) and pyrrhotite converted to the present assemblage of chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite during cooling. Subsequent to biotitization, quartz veinlet stockworks formed associated with retrograde chlorite alteration. The Cu‐Fe sul–fides associated with stockwork quartz veinlet are chalcopyrite and pyrite. Overlapping Pb and Zn and subsequent Sb mineralizations were spatially controlled by NNE‐trending fractures accompanying the phyllic and advanced argillic alteration envelope. Sulfur isotopic composition of ore sulfides are homogeneous (about +2%) throughout the mineralization stages. These are identical to those of the magmatic sulfides of Mount Kinabalu adamellitic rocks.     

Computing Lippmann Diagrams from Direct Calculation of Mixing Properties of Solid Solutions: Application to the Barite-Celestite System

The Lippmann diagram for the system(Ba, Sr)SO₄-H₂O was computed at 25 °Cby determining the solid-phase activity coefficientsfrom first principles calculations. Directcalculations of the mixing properties of thebarite-celestite series indicate this solid solutionbehaves as non-ideal and non-regular. At 25 °C,the enthalpy of mixing shows a minimum around 50 mole% SrSO₄ due to an ordering tendency. Thefree energy of mixing shows two minima that delimit awide and symmetric miscibility gap (from 2.1 to 97.9 mole% SrSO₄) at this temperature. The excessfree energy of mixing requires a Guggenheim expansionseries of 5 terms to be described, where the termswith odd exponents are null as a consequence of thesymmetric distribution of the mixing properties withcomposition. The Lippmann diagram shows a peritecticpoint that corresponds to the composition of an aqueoussolution which is simultaneously at equilibrium withthe two extremes of the miscibility gap. The largedifference between the solubility products of theendmembers involves a strong preferential partitioningof the less soluble endmember towards the solid phase,which explains the extremely Ba-poor composition ofthe aqueous solution (aqueous activity fraction forBa²⁺ = 0.000446 ) at the peritectic point.     

A mixed finite element method for the solution of the magnetostatic problem with highly discontinuous coefficients in 3D

This paper present a new a mixed finite element method for the simulation of magnetostatic problems with highly discontinuous permeability. The method is derived from the well studied mixed formulation for the div-grad system that is known to be accurate for very large discontinuities. The method robustness is demonstrated on a test model problem.     

辽河盆地荣兴屯地区中生界火山岩储集性能研究

运用火山岩岩石薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、孔、渗及压汞分析等多种分析测试手段研究了辽河盆地荣兴屯地区中生界火山岩储集性能, 认为: (1) 火山岩储集空间以次生孔缝为主, 原生孔缝大多已被充填; (2) 孔喉狭窄, 平均连通孔喉半径一般在0.100~ 0.500 μm左右.孔喉分布主要有单峰型和平峰型两种; (3) 孔隙组合类型有微裂缝型、微裂缝-孔隙型和孔隙型3种, 并以前两种类型为主; (4) 孔隙度值在1.0 %~ 16.3%之间, 渗透率在0.0 12× 10-3 ~12×10-3 μm2, 属低孔特低渗储集层; (5) 储层非均质性强, 渗透率级差为10 0 0, 突进系数为12.41, 变异系数为2.3.根据上述特点提出了火山岩储集层划分方案; (6) 由于孔/喉比值较小, 火山岩储集层的压汞退出效率较高, 平均达47.9%, 预示了较高的油气产能.      

The hazards of eruptions through lakes and seawater

Eruptions through crater lakes or shallow seawater, referred to here as subaqueous eruptions, present hazards from hydromagmatic explosions, such as base surges, lahars, and tsunamis, which may not exist at volcanoes on dry land. We have systematically compiled information from eruptions through surface water in order to understand the circumstances under which these hazards occur and what disastrous effects they have caused in the past. Subaqueous eruptions represent only 8% of all recorded eruptions but have produced about 20% of all fatalities associated with volcanic activity in historical time. Excluding eruptions that have resulted in about a hundred deaths or less, lahars have killed people in the largest number of historical subaqueous eruptions (8), followed by pyroclastic flows (excluding base surges; 5) tsunamis (4), and base surges (2). Subaqueous eruptions have produced lahars primarily on high (>1000 m), steep-sided volcanoes containing small (<1 km diameter) crater lakes. Tsunamis and other water waves have caused death or destroyed man-made structures only at submarine volcanoes and at Lake Taal in the Philippines. In spite of evidence that magma–water mixing makes eruptions more explosive, such explosions and their associated base surges have caused fewer deaths, and have been implicated in fewer eruptions involving large numbers of fatalities than lahars and tsunamis. The latter hazards are more deadly because they travel much farther from a volcano and inundate coastal areas and stream valleys that tend to be densely settled.     

胜利油田火山岩辉石中岩浆包裹体成分及有关成因问题

对胜利油田火山岩中辉石及其中岩浆包裹体成分的研究表明：ＣＯ２气藏区和非ＣＯ２气藏区新生代火山岩辉石及其中岩浆包裹体成分有明显区别,前者中辉石为普通辉石,成分相对富ＳｉＯ２,而贫Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＴｉＯ２、ＭｇＯ和挥发成分;而后者中辉石为透辉石,成分相对贫ＳｉＯ２和挥发份,而富Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＴｉＯ２和ＭｇＯ。前者岩浆包裹体玻相中富含ＣＯ２,包裹体中的金属子矿物多为黄铁矿;而后者岩浆包裹体玻相中贫ＣＯ２;包裹     

鲁西石炭纪事件沉积岩石学特征

对鲁西地区石炭二叠纪煤系火山碎屑岩特征进行了分析,结果表明,火山碎屑物质以晶屑最为常见,常见的火山碎屑岩有凝灰岩、沉凝灰岩、凝灰质灰岩、凝灰质砂岩、凝灰质粉砂岩。还对在太原组煤层中发现的宇宙尘形貌及化学组成进行了研究,经与国内外相关资料对比,认为研究区宇宙尘为Si质玻璃球。提出了研究区石炭纪曾发生过火山地质事件、天体地质事件。