Facies architecture of the Early Devonian Ural Volcanics,New South Wales

The Ural Volcanics are a early Devonian, submarine, felsic lava-sill complex, exposed in the western central Lachlan Orogen, New South Wales. The Ural Volcanics and underlying Upper Silurian, deepwater, basin-fill sedimentary rocks make up the Rast Group. The Ural Range study area, centrally located in the Cargelligo 1:100 000 map sheet area, was mapped at 1:10 000 scale. Seventeen principal volcanic facies were identified in the study area, dominated by felsic coherent facies (rhyolite and dacite) and associated monomictic breccia and siltstone-matrix monomictic breccia facies. Subordinate volcaniclastic facies include the pumice-rich breccia facies association, rhyolite – dacite – siltstone breccia facies and fiamme – siltstone breccia facies. The sedimentary facies association includes mixed-provenance and non-volcanic sandstone to conglomerate, black mudstone, micaceous quartz sandstone and foliated mudstone. The succession was derived from at least two intrabasinal volcanic centres. One, in the north, was largely effusive and intrusive, building a lava – sill complex. Another, in the south, was effusive, intrusive and explosive, generating lavas and moderate-volume (～3 km³) pyroclastic facies. The presence of turbidites, marine fossils, very thick massive to graded volcaniclastic units and black mudstone, and the lack of large-scale cross-beds and erosional scours, provide evidence for deposition in a submarine environment below storm wave-base. The Ural Volcanics have potential for seafloor or sub-seafloor replacement massive sulfide deposits, although no massive sulfide prospects or related altered zones have yet been defined. Sparse, disseminated sulfides occur in sericite-altered, steeply dipping shear zones.     

大兴安岭中段突泉盆地高Mg#火山岩激光全熔~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar测年与地球化学特征

对大兴安岭中段突泉盆地中出露的高Mg#火山岩进行了详细的岩石学、激光全熔40Ar/39Ar测年及地球化学研究,讨论了该组火山岩成因、岩石物质来源及其地质意义.突泉盆地高Mg#火山岩为一套中酸性岩石,化学成分显示其主要为安山岩与英安岩.岩石激光全熔40Ar/39Ar测年结果显示火山岩年龄为136.0±2.0 Ma,形成于早白垩世早期.火山岩地球化学特征总体表现出了埃达克质岩石的地球化学特征:SiO2≥57.50%,A12O3≥16.66%,MgO<3.31%,Mg#>45,贫Y(平均值17.53×10-6),贫Yb(平均值1.84×10-6),高S(r>534×10-6),高Ba(789×10-6⁹25×10-6);Sr/Y=22.71925×10-6);Sr/Y=22.71⁷3.54,Y/Yb=8.9573.54,Y/Yb=8.95¹1.32;REE分异明显,富集LREE,亏损HREE;无明显Eu异常(平均Eu/Eu*=0.94).该套高Mg#火山岩可能是加厚基性下地壳发生部分熔融并与底侵的基性岩浆混合的产物.结合大兴安岭中生代盆岭构造演化的特点,突泉盆地早白垩世高Mg#的埃达克质火山岩形成于蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋(古太平洋)闭合造山阶段碰撞构造背景,岩浆源区性质主要归因于增厚的造山带下地壳部分熔融作用.     

基岩水井采用泡沫潜孔锤钻进实践

通过对甘肃肃北七角井铁矿区0310mm口径基岩水井空气泡沫潜孔锤钻进施工,总结验证了空气泡沫潜孔锤钻进施工大口径基岩水井的工艺,提出了不同孔段的钻进技术措施。     

徐家围子断陷白垩纪火山活动与断裂组合关系

本文从断裂组合、火山机构和岩浆通道等方面分析,提出徐家围子断陷基底断裂及与之匹配的次级断裂控制白垩纪火山活动,形成受基底断裂控制的三个 NNW 向展布的火山岩发育带。由于基底断裂特征不同,各火山岩带分别具有中心式、裂隙式和复合式三种不同的喷发特征。徐家围子断陷安达地区精细解剖表明,其基底断裂上部发育 NWW 向雁列式断裂,向下沟通基底断裂,为西部火山岩浆上侵通道,反映了历史时期内火山活动西强东弱的特征,西部火山规模大,以爆发相为主,东部为大面积溢流相。火山岩的分布受基底断裂及沟通其的次级断裂控制,同时对断裂痕迹起到一定的改造作用。     

中条铜矿峪超大型斑岩铜矿床:地质、蚀变与成矿

山西中条山铜矿峪超大型斑岩铜矿床位于华北板块南部,秦岭造山带北侧,处在聚合板块活动大陆边缘的挤压-伸展的构造转换环境。矿区地层主要为古元古界"铜矿峪亚群",即火山-次火山岩,岩石经变质作用为绿片岩相和低角闪岩相。铜矿床在空间上与元古代钙碱性S型花岗斑(杂)岩体紧密共生,严格受火山机构控制。据辉钼矿Re-Os年龄,成矿时代为(2 108±32)Ma,是我国最古老的斑岩型铜矿床。铜矿床呈厚板状透镜体产出,矿石以细脉浸染状构造为主,有少量块状矿石产出。铜矿平均品位为0.68%,其中30%为富铜矿,并伴生钼、金。成矿热液主要源自深部地幔,也与地壳成分和天水渗入有关。因火山喷气和二次沸腾,在高侵位后,由分离作用形成碱质交代及石英绢云母化叠加红长石化的围岩蚀变,无面型环状分带特征。矿床成因推测为变火山热液斑岩型铜矿床。预测矿床深部可能赋存有岩浆房,找矿潜力很大。     

南极南设得兰群岛中-新生代火山作用与地质环境

本文对采自南设得兰群岛的乔治王岛、纳尔逊岛、利文斯顿岛、欺骗岛和南极半岛的火山岩和火山灰进行了岩石化学和Sr、Nd同位素分析，Ar-Ar和K－Ar年龄测定。研究表明，南设得兰群岛火山岩属于玄武岩－安山岩－英安岩岩石组合，安们的Sr、Nd同位素比值非常接近，^87Sr/^86Sr比值普遍比较低，为0．703297－0．703507；^143Nd/^144Nd比值普遍比较高，为0．512835－0．513779，二者呈负相关，εNd-^87Sr/^86Sr相关图显示岩浆来源于亏损地幔。火山岩形成时代集中于96Ma、91Ma、78Ma、60Ma和35Ma等时段。35Ma之后，火山活动长时间消沉，直到晚中新世和第四纪才时有发生；这一漫长的历史时期，正是南极大陆冰盖逐渐形成之时。是气候变冷抑制了火山活动？还是火山活动的减弱和停止导致气候变冷？尚待进一步研究；但冷期火山活动减弱或停止，暧期火山活动活跃和增强，这一对应关系是存在的。火山作用的时空分布及岩石地球化学特征暗示，南设得兰群岛处于一个岛弧的地质环境，早期群岛基本上与南极半岛连在一起，在德雷克板块的俯冲下，群岛逐渐与半岛分离，形成布兰斯菲尔德海峡（裂谷），在弧后扩张和裂谷作用下产生新的火山活动。     

Multi-stage evolution of a sub-aerial volcanic ridge over the last 1.3 Myr: S. Jorge Island, Azores Triple Junction

New K/Ar dating and geochemical analyses have been carried out on the WNW–ESE elongated oceanic island of S. Jorge to reconstruct the volcanic evolution of a linear ridge developed close to the Azores triple junction. We show that S. Jorge sub-aerial construction encompasses the last 1.3 Myr, a time interval far much longer than previously reported. The early development of the ridge involved a sub-aerial building phase exposed in the southeast end of the island and now constrained between 1.32 ± 0.02 and 1.21 ± 0.02 Ma. Basic lavas from this older stage are alkaline and enriched in incompatible elements, reflecting partial melting of an enriched mantle source. At least three differentiation cycles from alkaline basalts to mugearites are documented within this stage. The successive episodes of magma rising, storage and evolution suggest an intermittent re-opening of the magma feeding system, possibly due to recurrent tensional or trans-tensional tectonic events. Present data show a gap in sub-aerial volcanism before a second main ongoing building phase starting at about 750 ka. Sub-aerial construction of the S. Jorge ridge migrated progressively towards the west, but involved several overlapping volcanic episodes constrained along the main WNW–ESE structural axis of the island. Mafic magmas erupted during the second phase have been also generated by partial melting of an enriched mantle source. Trace element data suggest, however, variable and lower degrees of partial melting of a shallower mantle domain, which is interpreted as an increasing control of lithospheric deformation on the genesis and extraction of primitive melts during the last 750 kyr. The multi-stage development of the S. Jorge volcanic ridge over the last 1.3 Myr has most likely been greatly influenced by regional tectonics, controlled by deformation along the diffuse boundary between the Nubian and the Eurasian plates, and the increasing effect of sea-floor spreading at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.     

Underground Temperature Measurements as a Tool for Volcanic Activity Monitoring in the Island of Tenerife, Canary Islands

The spatial distribution of groundwater temperatures in the volcanic island of Tenerife, Canary Islands, has been inferred through measurements of water temperatures collected in the vast network of wells and subhorizontal tunnels, locally called “galleries,” which constitutes the main water supply of the island. The spatial coverage of the network of galleries allows us to reach from depth almost any geological feature of the island. The complex spatial distribution of temperatures in the interior of Tenerife is the result of the complex geological evolution of the island. Groundwater temperatures are greatly affected by groundwater flow and are considerably warmer in those galleries located in areas where water circulation is reduced due to the low permeability of materials and/or to the low infiltration rate of cooling meteoric water. In this sense, groundwater temperature should be characterized in quiescent conditions (background level), in order to facilitate monitoring changes in heat flow, such as those induced by ascending gases expected with an increase in volcanic activity.