The influence of solar activity on the rainfall over India: Cycle-to-cycle variations

We use 130 years data for studying correlative effects due to solar cycle and activity phenomena on the occurrence of rainfall over India. For the period of different solar cycles, we compute the correlation coefficients and significance of correlation coefficients for the seasonal months of Jan–Feb (JF), Mar–May (MAM), June–Sept (JJAS) and Oct–Dec (OND) and,annual mean data. We find that: (i) with a moderate-to-high significance, Indian rainfall is correlated with the sunspot activity and, (ii) there is an overall trend that during the period of low sunspot activity, occurrence of rainfall is high compared to the period of high sunspot activity. We speculate in this study a possible physical connection between the occurrence of the rainfall and the sunspot activities and, the flux of galactic cosmic rays. Some of the negative correlations between the occurrences of the sunspot and rainfall activities obtained for different solar cycle periods are interpreted as effects of aerosols on the rain forming clouds due to either intermittent volcanic eruptions or due to intrusion of interstellar dust particles in the Earth’s atmosphere.     

方斑东风螺两种养殖模式的比较

在室内水泥池，利用沙层自净养殖模式和直接铺沙养殖模式对不同规格的方斑东风螺（Babylonia areolata Link）进行了高密度养殖的研究。结果表明，沙层自净养殖模式养殖小螺、中螺、大螺组日均增重分别为0．031、0．088、0．098g／d，沙层NH4^＋-N最高含量ω分别为1．3、2．1、3．1mg,／L,H2S最高含量ω分别为0．03、0．07、0．14mg／L．各规格组东风螺保持正常生长和活动，成活率92．9％以上；直接铺沙养殖模式养殖小螺、中螺、大螺日均增重分别为：0．023、0．051、0．068g／d．成活率分别为95．2％、86．7％、84．9％，沙层NH4^＋-N最高含量ω达到13．7mg／L，H2S最高含量ω达到0．47mg／L，沙层底质恶化，东风螺活动异常、不摄食。可见，沙层自净养殖模式对方斑东风螺的生长、成活率、沙层水质控制效果显著，在一定程度上克服了直接铺沙养殖底质恶化问题。     

几种网络体系结构中数据包的效率比较分析

介绍了一种新型网络体系结构SUNA，并将它的数据包与其它两种层次型网络体系结构中的数据包进行了组成和效率上的比较分析。说明了在这方面，SUNA的数据处理效率的优势。     

Ekman层风速随高度分布方程的数值解试验

根据大气水平运动方程推导出Ekman层风速随高度分布方程,该分布可用二阶线性微分方程表示,用有限差分法求解该二阶线性微分方程的边值问题的数值解,并给出计算程序,输出结果。将结果与经典解析解比较,讨论了经典解的正确性和适用范围。     

Facies-controlled volcanic reservoirs of northern Songliao Basin, NE China

Volcanic rocks of the late Mesozoic are very important reservoirs for the commercial natural gases including hydrocarbon, carbon dioxide and rare gases in the northern Songliao Basin. The reservoir volcanic rocks include rhyolite, andesite, trachyte, basalt and tuff. Facies of the volcanic rocks can be classified into 5 categories and 15 special types. Porosity and permeability of the volcanic reservoirs are facies-controlled. Commercial reservoirs were commonly found among the following volcanic subfacies: volcanic neck (I1) , underground-explosive breccia (I3), pyroclastic-bearing lava flow (II3), upper effusive (III3) and inner extrusive ones (IV1). The best volcanic reservoirs are generally evolved in the interbedded explosive and effusive volcanics. Rhyolites show in general better reservoir features than other types of rocks do.     

E24 profile slope stability analysis in Haizhou Opencast Coal Mine of Fuxin

The E24 profile slope analyzed belongs to a series of excavated slopes of the Haizhou Opencast Coal Mine. It seems to be divided into Downslope Part and Upslope Part. Its profile comprises two noticeable coal seams, called the 8# and 9# weak layers, considered as the potential failure surfaces. In consideration of the actual configuration as in the perspective of any modification, assessing the stability of this slope with various profile forms under given conditions, and assessing the risk of instability and quantifying the influence of earthworks or other modifications to the stability of this slope, have constituted the primordial objectives carried out. From assumed potential failure surfaces, any specific profiles and specified slip surfaces are defined. A factor of safety (FoS) is computed for each specified slip surface; the smallest FoS found corresponds to the least favorable slip surface. The safety factor values obtained are compared to the suggested safety factor. Limit equilibrium methods of vertical slices implemented in Slope/W, computer program for slope stability analyses, have been adopted to perform the E24 slope stability analysis. The safety factor values computed with 9# weak layer are lower than for 8#; the factors of safety obtained with Sarma's method are the smallest; more, without groundwater (long term) overall values are greater than those determined under groundwater condition (short term). The lowest safety factor value is found for a profile depending on an adopted earthwork sequence. The E24 profile slope stability analysis shows the instability risk for the deepest weak layer, and also shows the short and long term stability of this slope for the envisaged earth movements. However it demonstrates the existence of instability risk for any earthwork firstly affecting the downslope part.     

Reduced rates of primary production in the Columbia River Estuary following the eruption of Mt Saint Helens on 18 May 1980

The eruption of Mt Saint Helens on 18 May 1980 resulted in a massive increase in suspended particulate material in the Columbia River Estuary, producing a substantial increase in light attenuation. Since photosynthesis in the estuarine water column is partly controlled by the depth of light penetration in the water, photosynthesis was reduced by about 75% during the period of increased turbidity. It took about five weeks for the estuary to clear. Although primary production within the estuarine water column was greatly diminished during this period, the flux of particulate carbon through the estuary was high, and the total production we estimate to have been lost amounted to only about 2% of the total particulate carbon flux just after the eruption. That the high levels of turbidity in the estuary did not induce a severe fall in the phytoplankton population is evidence that phytoplankton biomass concentrations in the Columbia River Estuary are mostly a function of import from the Columbia River, rather than a function of in situ production.     

南极洛多姆冰帽BJ钻孔粒雪层的热学性质及其温度分布

根据详细的密度资料,对洛多姆冰帽BJ钻孔粒雪层的热学性质进行了讨论。应用非均匀介质热传导方程描述活动层温度分布。通过两种简化的层状结构和竖向运动模型给出了解析解。计算和实测温度差异的分析表明边界条件的选取非常重要。