对建筑场地类别划分方法的探讨

判定场地类别是岩土工程勘察要解决的主要问题之一。科学地确定场地类别可以用来指导建筑抗震设计。判定场地类别的方法目前主要依据规范法进行。在按规范法进行判定场地类别时,由于场地沉积土层的差异、建筑物基础埋深的不同或采用基础型式的不同、场地标高的不同,有时会产生一些矛盾。对这些矛盾提出了初步解决的建议,供业内人士参考及批评指正。     

混沌功率谱熵方法在识别水淹低阻油层中的应用

储集层孔隙度和电阻率曲线间微差形态波形的复杂程度隐含着储集层含油气性的信息,可以用混沌动力学系统加以刻划。油层相空间庞加莱截面明显具有自相似结构,呈现混沌特性;而水淹层和水层的相空间庞加莱截面显示,其混沌性呈显著减弱之势,系统趋于简单有序。其功率谱密度不论水淹程度如何,整体为一随频率增大其能量按指数递减连续频谱;随水淹程度逐渐减弱,递减幅度减小,整体能量逐渐降低,某些频率成分被吸收削弱,由光滑状逐渐演变成锯齿起伏状,其功率谱熵逐渐增大。基于测井信息的混沌特征和功率谱熵特征识别水淹层的方法,对利用传统测井解释理论判别比较困难的低阻油层有较强的识别能力。     

关于桩基软弱下卧层验算的几点认识

对于国内外不同的规范、手册中对于桩基软弱下卧层验算的不同方法进行了分析。提出以下的一些建议:承台底面以上的原地基土自重在附加应力计算时可以扣除,在总应力计算时再加上;扣除的群桩实体基础四周的摩阻力应使用群桩四周地基土的摩阻力特征值,而不是极限值;对于地下室中的独立柱的桩基础和内墙的条形桩基础,应当从地下室地面而不是原地面起算进行验算。     

Theorem of turbulent intensity and macroscopic mechanism of the turbulence development

Turbulence is one of the most common nature phenomena in everyday experience, but that is not adequately understood yet. This article reviews the history and present state of development of the turbulence theory and indicates the necessity to probe into the turbulent features and mechanism with the different methods at different levels. Therefore this article proves a theorem of turbulent transpor- tation and a theorem of turbulent intensity by using the theory of the nonequilibrium thermodynamics, and that the Reynolds turbulence and the Rayleigh-Bénard turbulence are united in the theorems of the turbulent intensity and the turbulent transportation. The macroscopic cause of the development of fluid turbulence is a result from shearing effect of the velocity together with the temperature, which is also the macroscopic cause of the stretch and fold of trajectory in the phase space of turbulent field. And it is proved by the observed data of atmosphere that the phenomenological coefficient of turbulent in- tensity is not only a function of the velocity shear but also a function of temperature shear, viz the sta- bility of temperature stratification, in the atmosphere. Accordingly, authenticity of the theorem, which is proved by the theory of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, of turbulent intensity is testified by the facts of observational experiment.     

Solubility of FeO in (Mg,Fe)SiO3 perovskite and the post-perovskite phase transition

Phase relations in Mg_0.5Fe_0.5SiO₃ and Mg_0.25Fe_0.75SiO₃ were investigated in a pressure range from 72 to 123 GPa on the basis of synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements in situ at high-pressure and -temperature in a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell (LHDAC). Results demonstrate that Mg_0.5Fe_0.5SiO₃ perovskite is formed as a single phase at 85–108 GPa and 1800–2330 K, indicating a high solubility of FeO in (Mg,Fe)SiO₃ perovskite at high pressures. Post-perovskite appears coexisting with perovskite in Mg_0.5Fe_0.5SiO₃ above 106 GPa at 1410 K, the condition very close to the post-perovskite phase transition boundary in pure MgSiO₃. The coexistence of perovskite and post-perovskite was observed to 123 GPa. In addition, post-perovskite was formed coexisting with perovskite also in Mg_0.25Fe_0.75SiO₃ bulk composition at 106–123 GPa. In contrast to earlier experimental and theoretical studies, these results show that incorporation of FeO stabilizes perovskite at higher pressures. This could be due to a larger ionic radius of Fe²⁺ ion, which is incompatible with a small Mg²⁺ site in the post-perovskite phase.     

Seismic identification of channel sandbodies in the Fuyang oil layer in North Songliao Basin, China

The Fuyang oil-layer in North Songliao Basin is characterized by thin interbedded sands and shales, strong lateral variation, strong reservoir heterogeniety, and so on. The thickness of individual sand layers is generally 3 - 5 m. Identifying the channel sand-bodies of the Fuyang oil layer using seismic techniques is very difficult due to the low seismic resolution. Taking the GTZ area as an example, we discuss the genetic characteristics of the channel sand-bodies and point out the real difficulty in using seismic techniques to predict the channel sand-bodies. Two methods for the identification of channels are presented： frequency spectrum imaging and pre-stack azimuthal anisotropy. Identifying the channel sand-bodies in Fuyu oil-layer using the two seismic methods results in a success rate up to 80% compared with well data.     

贵州遵义镍-钼富集层中独居石的发现及成因意义

对贵州遵义天鹅山-黄家湾镍-钼富集层中镍-钼矿石进行了电子探针研究,在镍-钼矿石中发现了稀土独立矿物——独居石,呈不规则的细粒、蠕虫状分布于矿石中,并与镍、钼的独立矿物共生;独居石La和Ce的含量高(La2O3含量变化范围为25.70%～30.52%,Ce2O3含量变化范围为22.96%～27.68%),贫Sm、Th(Sm2O3含量的变化范围为0.49%～0.80%,ThO2含量的变化范围为0%～0.19%),具有热液成因独居石的化学成分特征。镍-钼矿石中稀土矿物独居石的发现为镍-钼矿层的热液成因提供了直接的矿物学证据。     

青藏高原新生代火车头山碱性及钙碱性两套火山岩的地球化学特征及其物源讨论

藏北羌塘火车头山新生代火山岩可区分为钙碱性及碱性两个不同的系列。钙碱性火山岩主要岩石组合为玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩,其SiO_2介于49%～70%之间,Al_2O_3>10%,Na_2O/K_2O>1;其中玄武岩具平坦型稀土配分型式,LREE/HREE为1.3～1.8,(La/Yb)_N为2.87～4.45,无明显铕异常,δEu为0.96～1.09;该套岩石的Mg~#与SiO_2相关关系以及La/sm-La等亲岩浆元素与超亲岩浆元素协变关系表明,它们应为幔源岩浆经分离结晶演化的产物,其岩石组合类型以及低的Sm/Yb值(Sm/Yb=1.53～5.35)表明它们的原始岩浆应来源于岩石圈地幔尖晶石二辉橄榄岩的局部熔融。本区碱性火山岩为一套典型的钾质岩石系列,主要岩石组合类型为碱玄岩-碱玄质响岩-响岩,其SiO_2介于44%～59%之间,Al_2O_3>14%,Na_2O/K_2O介于0.47～1.51之间;岩石轻稀土强烈富集,LREE/HREE为13.20～15.76,(La/Yb)_N=50.44～91.99;其岩石组合类型以及Mg~#与SiO_2相关关系以及La/Sm-La协变关系同样表明它们为共源岩浆分离结晶演化的产物;然而,其较高的Sm/Yb值(Sm/ Yb=2.63～13.98)表明它们并非地幔橄榄岩直接局部熔融的产物,岩石弱的负Eu异常(δEu=0.77～0.85)以及Th、U的强烈富集和Nb、Ta的相对亏损,又反映了原始岩浆中有显著的地壳物质的贡献;该套钾质碱性系列岩石在La/Co-Th/Co同分母协变图上呈直线型分布,而在La/Co-Sc/Th异分母协变图上呈显著的双曲线分布,从而表明其源区为二源混合型,是青藏高原特殊的壳幔混合层局部熔融的产物,这些特征是新生代青藏高原壳幔层圈物质交换的重要岩石学证据。     

我国低钛月海型模拟月壤初始物质选择的地球化学依据

以Apollo14月壤样品和美国JSC-1模拟月壤的地球化学特征为基础,结合我国低钛玄武岩火山的分布,对我国不同地区新生代玄武岩的化学成分、年龄、储量等方面进行对比分析结果表明,滇西北金沙江地区和吉林辉南红旗林场-四海地区的玄武质火山喷发物的化学成分与Apollo14月壤样品和美国JSC-1模拟月壤相似,比较适合用于我国低钛月海玄武岩模拟月壤研制的初始物质。野外地质调查发现,吉林省辉南县金川镇红旗林场—四海一带产出的玄武质火山渣为距今1600 a的该玄武质火山岩的喷发物,其储量大、质地纯、粒度均匀,而且比滇西北金沙江地区最近一期的玄武质火山渣新鲜,最适合作为我国低钛月海玄武岩模拟月壤研制的初始物质。     

湖北兴山大峡口浅海相二叠系-三叠系界线附近粘土岩研究

利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、能谱等鉴定分析方法,对湖北兴山大峡口剖面二叠系—三叠系界线附近的8层粘土岩研究发现,各层粘土岩中的主要粘土矿物均为伊/蒙混层矿物,并且各层中均含有数量不等的六方双锥石英和黄铁矿,非粘土矿物为石膏,个别层位中还含有粘土微球粒。该8层粘土岩均为火山物源成因,联系相应的火山事件记录表明该地区在二叠系—三叠系之交经历了多次火山活动。这些火山事件与同时段牙形石的绝灭和延缓复苏呈现一致性。频繁的火山活动是造成二叠纪—三叠纪之交生物及生态系重大转折的主导事件之一。