探地雷达宽角反射图形拟合方法

探地雷达共中心点(CMP)法仅用于局部速度测试,为使用宽角反射法进行剖面探测,可固定一个雷达天线而将另一个天线沿测线移动,从而获取整个地质界面的反射信号.本文提出宽角反射剖面探测方法,基于平直岩层界面导出其反射信号的关系式,并开发出解释软件,可精确计算岩层几何参数和层速度,从而进行地质分层.     

Analytical layer‐element method for non‐axisymmetric consolidation of multilayered soils

A numerically efficient and stable method is developed to analyze Biot's consolidation of multilayered soils subjected to non‐axisymmetric loading in arbitrary depth. By the application of a Laplace–Hankel transform and a Fourier expansion, the governing equations are solved analytically. Then, the analytical layer‐element (i.e. a symmetric stiffness matrix) describing the relationship between generalized displacements and stresses of a layer is exactly derived in the transformed domain. Considering the continuity conditions between adjacent layers, the global stiffness matrix of multilayered soils is obtained by assembling the inter‐related layer‐elements. Once the solution in the Laplace–Hankel transformed domain that satisfies the boundary conditions has been obtained, the actual solution can be derived by the inversion of the Laplace–Hankel transform. Finally, numerical examples are presented to verify the theory and to study the influence of the layered soil properties and time history on the consolidation behavior. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Crustal structure of the Ordovician Macquarie Arc,Eastern Lachlan Orogen,based on seismic‐reflection profiling

In the Eastern Lachlan Orogen, the mineralised Molong and Junee‐Narromine Volcanic Belts are two structural belts that once formed part of the Ordovician Macquarie Arc, but are now separated by younger Silurian‐Devonian strata as well as by Ordovician quartz‐rich turbidites. Interpretation of deep seismic reflection and refraction data across and along these belts provides answers to some of the key questions in understanding the evolution of the Eastern Lachlan Orogen—the relationship between coeval Ordovician volcanics and quartz‐rich turbidites, and the relationship between separate belts of Ordovician volcanics and the intervening strata. In particular, the data provide evidence for major thrust juxtaposition of the arc rocks and Ordovician quartz‐rich turbidites, with Wagga Belt rocks thrust eastward over the arc rocks of the Junee‐Narromine Volcanic Belt, and the Adaminaby Group thrust north over arc rocks in the southern part of the Molong Volcanic Belt. The seismic data also provide evidence for regional contraction, especially for crustal‐scale deformation in the western part of the Junee‐Narromine Volcanic Belt. The data further suggest that this belt and the Ordovician quartz‐rich turbidites to the east (Kirribilli Formation) were together thrust over ?Cambrian‐Ordovician rocks of the Jindalee Group and associated rocks along west‐dipping inferred faults that belong to a set that characterises the middle crust of the Eastern Lachlan Orogen. The Macquarie Arc was subsequently rifted apart in the Silurian‐Devonian, with Ordovician volcanics preserved under the younger troughs and shelves (e.g. Hill End Trough). The Molong Volcanic Belt, in particular, was reworked by major down‐to‐the‐east normal faults that were thrust‐reactivated with younger‐on‐older geometries in the late Early ‐ Middle Devonian and again in the Carboniferous.     

Satellite-tracked drifting buoy observations in the south equatorial current in the Indian Ocean

Three satellite-tracked drifting buoys released in the south equatorial current in the Indian Ocean followed the path of the current moving westward approximately zonally in the vicinity of 10 S latitude. On nearing the east coast of Africa two buoys moved north and the third moved south. Over the open sea regime the buoys moved with a speed of approximately 30 cm/s at an angle of about 35° to the left of the wind. The overall tendencies seen in the buoy drift are similar to those observed elsewhere in the world oceans.     

岩浆包裹体化学成分研究

岩浆包裹体化学成分研究难度较大,为了获得可信的数据,应当注意:1.非演化型岩浆包裹体的化学成分可以代表其初始成分。演化型岩浆包裹体应先均一、淬火后再行测定。2.均一演化型岩浆包裹体应严格遵守加热规则,否则过热作用会使包裹体壁部分熔化,造成淬火后所测包裹体成分与其真正的初始成分并不相当。3.实测资料证明,“边界层效应”对于岩浆包裹体化学成分影响微不足道。4.岩浆包裹体的化学成分只能代表其主矿物结晶时周围岩浆的成分,即仅相当于岩浆液相线上的一个点。5。把显微冷热台测温、激光喇曼探针和电子探针分析技术结合使用,对查明单个包裹体中挥发组分的性状和浓度具有很大的潜力和前途。     

Seasonal cycle of surface circulation in the coastal North Indian Ocean

Monthly-mean winds and currents have been used to identify the driving mechanisms of seasonal coastal circulation in the North Indian Ocean. The main conclusions are: (i) the surface circulation off Arabia is typical of a wind-driven system with similar patterns of longshore current and wind stress; (ii) circulation off the west coast of India is consistent with the dynamics of a wind-driven eastern boundary current only during the southwest monsoon. During the northeast monsoon it is possible that the influence of the interior flow is important. (iii) There are at least three mechanisms that influence the surface circulation off the east coast of India: wind-stress, influence of fresh-water run off and contribution of the interior flow. It is difficult at present to assess the relative importance of these three processes.     

我国西北部分地区地壳-上地幔电性横向变化特征与地震活动的关系

由50余个测点的大地电磁测深资料,讨论了该区的地壳-上地幔电性横向变化特征。按照上地幔第一低阻层顶面埋深,将测区划分为四类地区:浅埋深(55-90公里)、中浅埋深(90-110公里)、中深埋深(110-160公里)和深埋深(160-250公里)。讨论了本区六次大震例的深部电性背景。指出了上地幔顶部的梯度带地区、地壳内电性横向变化剧烈的地区和地壳内存在局部特殊增厚的低阻层地区将可以作为潜在震源区的深部电性判据之一     

福建省东部火山岩地区银矿成矿地质条件及找矿方向

通过对该区银矿床地质特征、成矿地质条件和成矿规律的研究，将区内银矿按成因、成矿作用、矿床地质特征等划分为三类六型。指出了火山－次火山热液型银矿是本区银矿的重要类型。总结了银矿的找矿标志，提出了本区银矿的主攻类型和主攻地区。     

福建上杭盆地中生代火山岩首次发现开来石

在１：５万上杭幅重砂野外调查中，在上杭盆地中生代火山岩河系中首次发现开来石。经中国地质大学Ｘ光单晶粉晶分析、桂林有色金属地质研究所电子探针成分分析结果，均与国外有关文献中的开来石相一致。是我省首次发现的含砷稀土矿物。它为在该区中生代火山岩中寻找稀土资源提供新的线索。此外该矿物常与黄金、辰砂等相伴生，笔者初步认为可以根据伴生金的相关元素Ａｓ开来石组合寻找金，是本区很值得注意的一种寻找金的方法。