The Determination of Total Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen and Sulfur in Silicates, Silicate Rocks, Soils and Sediments

Determinations of the volatile elements carbon, hydrogen, sulfur and nitrogen in many geological RM, performed with the LECO CHN and SC analysers, are presented. The method allowed the determination of S in concentrations from a few % m/m to 0.001% m/m or less, of C from % m/m to 0.01% m/m and of H from % m/m to 0.004% m/m. Accuracy was usually better than the XRF method (for S). All obtained values passed the Sutarno-Steger test, which establishes that |(mean_analysed - mean_certified)|/ S_certified < 2, for the cases with an appropriate number of determinations (n > 10 for each element). It was possible to perform routine determination of C, H and S with the instrumentation, coupled with the determination of major and minor elements in geological materials. Determination of nitrogen could also be performed on an exploratory basis, with improvements in the method dependent on the future availability of more reference materials with reliable composition of this element.     

论“沉煤环境—成煤类型—煤质特征”概略成因模型—煤的性质研究

作者对所划分出的“三种四类”煤型的煤质特征进行了深入研究，论述了由不同煤相决定的不同煤型制约着不同煤质的观点。通过揭示不同为在型所和持有的煤质特征，阐明了煤型与煤质之间的成困联系，进一步论证了“沉煤环境（煤相）－成煤类型（煤型）煤质特征－（煤质）”这一概况成因模型的客观存在。     

地下水中氯代烃的格栅水处理技术

挥发性氯代烃是地下水中检出率较高的有机污染物 ,同时也是饮用水氯气消毒的副产物 ,而它对人体的危害也已经得到了USEPA等机构的认同。文中主要从格栅材料、降解机理、影响还原性脱氯效率的因素、实际工程中应注意的问题以及发展方向等方面 ,对地下水中挥发性氯代烃的处理技术进行了阐述 ,介绍了格栅处理地下水中挥发性氯代烃的最新进展和实际意义 ,提出了格栅系统的实际应用潜力和存在的问题 ,特别是双金属系统的催化机理和催化剂失活问题 ,给国内这方面的研究者提供思路。     

高压液相色谱法测定南极海洋冷水环境中的低分子挥发性脂肪酸

本文报道南极海洋冷水环境中的低分子挥发性脂肪酸的一种测定方法 ,阐述高压液相色谱法对海洋环境中 C1- C5年低分子挥发性脂肪酸的含量测定具有较好的适用性 ,说明该方法具有正确、灵敏、操作简单、快速及需要样品量少等特点。本方法的最低检测限在 0 .1 μg/ml以下 ,个别酸如丙烯酸可达 0 .0 0 1μg/ml以下。南极戴维斯站附近沿海 ,1 989年 1月 3日 6 0 m水柱体样品测定结果丙烯酸为 0 .0 0 4 - 0 .0 4 2 μg/ml,其他酸是 0 .1 - 1 .0 μg/ml,说明了该方法完全可满足实际海水样品的分析。     

火山喷出气体的环境、灾害效应及对火山未来喷发的指示意义

简要综述了火山喷发过程中喷入大气圈内不同成分的火山气体含量及其气候、环境效应和造成的火山灾害 ,并介绍了利用火山喷出气体成分和含量的变异特征进行长尺度火山喷发预测的原理与方法。认为当前在中国开展长白山天池火山活动喷出气体成分和含量的系统研究十分必要 ,并具有一定的现实意义     

Occurrence of calcite in Sanbagawa pelitic schists: implications for the formation of garnet, rutile, oligoclase, biotite and hornblende

The frequency of occurrence of minerals in 1876 samples of Sanbagawa pelitic schist in central Shikoku is summarized on the basis of microscopic observation accompanied, in part, by use of an electron microprobe. All samples contain quartz, plagioclase, phengite, chlorite and graphite. More than 90% of samples contain clinozoisite, titanite and apatite. Garnet is present in 95% of samples from the garnet zone, and biotite is present in 64% of samples from the albite‐biotite zone. Calcite is found in about 40% of samples of the pelitic schist collected from outcrop, but occurs in 95% of the pelitic schist from drill cores. Calcite was apparently ubiquitous in the pelitic schist during the Sanbagawa metamorphism, but must have been dissolved recently by the action of surface or ground water. The mineral assemblages of the Sanbagawa pelitic schist have to be analyzed in the system with excess calcite, quartz, albite (or oligoclase), clinozoisite, graphite and fluid that is composed mainly of H₂O, CO₂ and CH₄. In the presence of calcite, reactions that produce garnet, rutile, oligoclase, biotite and hornblende, some of which define isograds of the metamorphic belt, should be written as mixed volatile equilibria that tend to take place at lower temperature than the dehydration reactions that have been proposed. The presence of calcite in pelitic schist suggests that fluid composition is a variable as important in determining mineral assemblages as pressure and temperature. Thus Ca‐bearing phases must be taken into account to analyze the phase relations of calcite‐bearing pelitic schist, even if CaO content of Sanbagawa pelitic schist is low. As calcite is a common phase, the mineral assemblages of the biotite zone pelitic schist may contravene the mineralogical phase rule and warrant further study.     

无色散原子荧光法直接测定海水中的痕量镉

利用硫脲和Co2 对镉易挥发组分的形成有增强作用,建立了无色散原子荧光光谱直接测定海水中痕量镉的方法,检出限为0.044 μg/L,对镉含量为2.08 μg/L的样品进行11次测定,RSD为4.0%,线性范围为0～20 μg/L.对国家二级海水标准物质进行测定,结果与标准值相符.     

湖北一次冰雹天气过程的落区诊断分析和预报

《热带气象学报》是中国气象局广州热带海洋气象研究所主办的学术期刊,由气象出版社出版;其前身是《热带气象》,创刊于1984年。《热带气象学报》主要刊登热带大气科学领域内具有学术价值的研究论文、专题评述、天气预报新技术和成功的经验、学术和科研动态。欢迎正在热带气象领域上辛勤开发的科研人员、业务工作者以及教学工作者积极投稿! 来稿要求: 1. 来稿请寄一式二份。每篇论著、述评(包括图表、参考文献及中英文摘要)不超过8000字,短论、研究通讯不超过5000字。给出中、英文摘要和3～5个关键词。对于摘要,本刊要求为指导性文摘,即…     

European VOC Emission Estimates Evaluated by Measurements and Model Calculations

Observations and model calculations of the concentration of hydrocarbonsat five Scandinavian rural sites during March–June 1993are reported.Decreasing concentrations from March to June are observedat all sites. The highest concentrations of hydrocarbons were found in air massescoming in from the southwest to southeast, indicating that long rangetransport fromcontinental Europe and the U.K. is important in pollution episodes. An episode of elevated concentrations of hydrocarbons observed at three of the sites in the middle of Marchis described and discussed in relation to the synoptic situation and thepresenceof other chemical compounds (NO₂, PAN, total nitrate andozone).A Lagrangian numerical model is used to calculate the concentrations of theindividual hydrocarbons at the fivesites and comparison with observations is made.The calculated concentrations for nonmethane hydrocarbons with quite longchemicallifetimes agree well with the observations.For the sum of observed and calculated hydrocarbons the correlationcoefficientsare in the range of 0.65–0.88 for the five sitesand the ratio between calculated and measured concentrations was0.72–0.97, indicating thatthe European VOC emission inventory is quite well estimated.     

Geochemistry on mantle-derived volatiles in natural gases from eastern China oil/gas provinces (I)

Commercial accumulation of mantle-derived helium in the sedimentary shell is discussed. Generally speaking, a commercial helium pool is formed by accumulated⁴He that comes from uranium and thorium via α-decay; therefore, it has a very low³He/⁴He value in the magnitude of 10-⁸. The helium concentration in some gas wells of eastern China oil/gas provinces is about or over 0.05% —0. 1%, consequently forming commercial helium wells (pools), such as the Wangjinta Gas Pool in Songliao Basin, Huangqiao Gas Pool in North Jiangsu Basin and some gas wells in Sanshui Basin. Studies have proved that when the³He/⁴He value of a helium gas pool is about 3.7 × 10^-6 -7.2×10^-6 namely mantle-derived helium in its total helium concentration accounts for 33.5%—65.4%, it is a crust-mantle dual-source or dominantly mantle-derived helium gas pool, which is a novel helium resource and its formation is mainly related to the distribution of megafractures.