高分辨率影像农田信息提取方法

选取河南省安阳市某地冬小麦长势良好的Quick Bird影像,首先应用数学形态学的开运算对高分辨率遥感影像进行分割,将种植冬小麦的农田与反射率较高的空地、道路、农村居民地进行区分,人工选择并提取需要分析的农田区域,计算其边界并进行细化,最终提取农田边界信息。整体处理流程基于VC++6.0编程实现。     

基于射线追踪的视场范围算法

在海量地形数据可视化技术中，视场范围计算方法直接影响显示效率。本文提出了基于射线追踪法的视景体投影算法，投影后在二维平面上进行二次裁减。试验表明，该算法具有较高的效率。     

Combining Gaia Windows: The Method and Simulations

During the 5-year-observational phase of Gaia several one-dimensional observations will be obtained from the same objects at different epochs and transit angles. Combining the information from all the transits to produce a single two-dimensional image is scientifically important as this will allow to detect much fainter stars in the vicinity of the main source than otherwise possible from single observations on-board the satellite or from individual transmitted patches. Most of the emerging objects will be physical companions, but some background/foreground objects will also be found. The combination procedure further increases the image resolution in the across scan-direction. The procedure consists of combining patches that are stretched back to 2-D windows, only possible since the centroid positions of the windows are known. The initial image window from which the patches originate is not square, but elongated along the scan-direction if the Astro AF11 field of view is used in the current calculations. Transit angles can take any value between 0^∘ and 360^∘. The window combining method is a simple mapping procedure that is fast and should handle all realistic complexities occurring during the Gaia data reduction. The method is not intended to be a perfect image restoration technique, but its purpose is to fulfill the scientific requirement of detecting faint neighboring sources existing in the close vicinity of the main targets. In this study we show examples of the combined windows and illustrate how faint companions around primary targets could be detected. We investigate the performances and limitations of the method and discuss possible complexities that might occur during the final data analysis.     

回采工作面采空区瓦斯涌出规律的数值模拟研究

从分析采空区内部的瓦斯源出发，用负指数函数描述各煤层瓦斯涌出强度的衰减过程。用迎风格式的有限元方法求解了非均质回采采空区流场的瓦斯-大气两相混溶渗流-扩散方程，以可视化技术描绘了采空区瓦斯涌出与风流交换和瓦斯分布变化规律的流体力学原理。模拟表明，采空区绝对瓦斯涌出量随工作面风量呈衰减变化。而与采空区瓦斯涌出强度呈显著地线性增加，与工作面推进度呈线性递减（但递减幅度不大）；工作面风量的突然增大会对瓦斯涌出量在短时间内（8min）产生剧烈的高峰影响，用逐渐增风方法可以避免瓦斯高峰涌出的影响。提出了采空区瓦斯涌出强度的概念，论证了用瓦斯涌出强度衡量采空区瓦斯涌出的科学意义。     

探空资料质量控制及可视化处理系统(HBTK)的研究与应用

介绍了“探空资料质量控制及可视化处理系统 ( HBTK)”的基本功能、设计技术和应用效果 ,实践证明该系统不受测站个体差异的影响 ,具有很好的实用性。     

基于城市园林树木景观三维模拟的绿视率估算方法

城市生态景观功能主要是绿色植物对人的视觉作用。绿视率被认为是一种比较好的衡量绿色空间视觉感受的描述因子。目前绿视率的估算主要基于静态的图像或者街景数据,而绿视率是一种动态的量,不同视点有不同的值,且植物是生长变化的。因此,本文提出一种基于数据和模型综合驱动的园林树木三维模拟景观的绿视率计算方法,其利用虚拟地理环境、虚拟植物等技术,通过道路、建筑物等硬质景观数据和树木模型驱动,建立城市园林树木三维景观;根据视觉成像原理,构建虚拟相机,模拟不同视点园林景观的视觉图像,然后识别表征植被信息的像素,从而计算绿视率。本文研发了园林树木景观三维模拟及绿视率估算原型系统,并以城市道路树木景观为例,模拟分析了机动车道中车辆乘客可获得的绿视率,与街景图像提取的绿视率值相近。该方法和系统可用于包含时间变量的不同生长阶段园林树木景观的绿视率评估,支持交互设置不同的视点参数,估算城市任意位置和任意方向的绿视率,评价过去、现在和未来的园林景观绿化质量,以人的视觉感知角度为城市绿地规划提供参考。     

The limitations of diversity metrics in directing global marine conservation

Biodiversity hotspots have been used extensively in setting conservation priorities for marine ecosystems. A recent Nature publication claims to have uncovered new latitudinal gradients in the evenness of reef communities and new reef hotspots based on functional diversity. Simulation models show that the purported evenness gradient is a mathematical inevitability of differences in species richness and detectability between vastly different marine ecosystems, namely ‘reefs’ in tropical, temperate, and polar regions. Constraints on evenness, along with disparity amongst communities in possible functional traits, cast doubt on the utility of global functional diversity comparisons for management of marine systems.     

纹理特征与视觉注意相结合的建筑区提取

提出一种有效提取高分辨率遥感影像建筑区的算法。通过模拟人类视觉系统感知环境的过程,引入视觉注意机制,提出基于自信息最大化视觉注意机制的建筑区显著指数。根据建筑区在高分辨率遥感影像中的特点,基于时/频域的纹理分析,提出一种针对建筑区的纹理特征描述方法,实现了建筑区的高效提取。通过对8组高分辨率遥感影像进行试验,验证了本文算法的有效性。     

灾害保障图可视化表达规律探究

探讨了灾害保障图的研究现状,基于"区域灾害系统"理论,给出了灾害保障图较为翔实的定义和分类,并着重从表达内容、表示方法、表现形式和符号设计方面对其可视化表达规律进行了探究。     

多级栅格网络地图的组织与设计

多级栅格网络地图是当前网络地图的重要使用形式,通过对其海量栅格图像数据组织方式的研究,设计了图像转换的数学基础,根据当前常用网络地图的情况,分析了地图分级层数确定的方法,对各级地图表示内容进行了选择设计,并根据符号设计的主要方面,研究了基于视觉连续性的地图符号设计基本思路。