A Cosmological Explanation to the Pioneer Anomaly

An earlier paper introduced a new cosmological theory based on the proposition that all four metrical coefficients of space and time change with the cosmological expansion. Such a universal scale expansion would preserve the four-dimensional spacetime geometry and therefore by general relativity most physical relationships. In addition, if the scale expansion were exponential with time, all epochs would be equivalent. The theory resolves several outstanding problems with the standard model based on the Big Bang concept and better agrees with observations. Four independent observational programs support the SEC theory, which also provides an explanation to the Pioneer anomaly. A possible resolution to the recently discovered discrepancies between optical observations of the planets and their ephemerides is proposed.     

Teaching Structural Hazards Awareness for Preparedness and Community Response

Most successful search and rescue is performed by neighbors and household members during the first 24 h after an earthquake, before professional responders arrive on the scene. Many spontaneous responders become casualties in the process. Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institutes Disaster Preparedness Education Project with the support of the Earthquake Engineering Department has developed a training module for Community Disaster Responders to help them assess the level of damage for immediate citizen disaster response. Learning the signs of damage in both reinforced concrete and adobe buildings, they will be better able to distinguish the slight and moderately damaged buildings where their light search and rescue efforts will be effective, as opposed to the heavily damaged buildings where professional help is required for safe extrication. Incorporating citizens into the early stages of building collapse rescue is designed to make professional urban search and rescue efforts more effective. The program is being piloted in Turkey by the Civil Defense Directorate, Search and Rescue Brigade. It is expected that this will lead to a new demand for engineers to work in partnership with community-based organizations for planning and prioritizing disaster mitigation efforts, and to participate in immediate post-disaster damage assessment. Engineering recommendations will also be needed for post-earthquake building re-entry and re-habitation risk assessment.     

地震作用对轻轨铁路车桥系统耦合振动的影响

本文分析地震作用对考虑土-结构相互作用的轻轨铁路车桥系统耦合振动的影响。文中建立了车桥系统考虑土-结构相互作用的三维空间模型，推导了考虑地震作用车桥系统的耦合振动方程，并编制了相应的计算程序。以时速100km的列车通过天津轻轨的一座四跨预应力混凝土连续刚构桥为例，对受天津波和El Centro波地震作用的车桥系统的耦合振动响应进行了仿真分析。结果表明：地震作用下车桥系统的耦合振动响应近似为桥梁地震响应与车桥系统耦合振动响应之和；地震作用对车桥系统横桥向耦合振动响应的影响最大，对竖向耦合振动响应的影响较小，而对顺桥向耦合振动响应的影响甚微；且不同地震波激励的影响程度有所不同。由此得出结论，地震作用与车桥系统的耦合振动存在很大程度的耦合，因此，在对高架桥梁上的轻轨铁路进行车桥耦合振动分析时必须考虑地震作用的影响，以保证列车运行的安全性和稳定性。     

Compositional characteristics and geochemical significance of light hydrocarbons for crude oils in Tarim Basin, China

Light hydrocarbons, especially C7 isoalkanes, cyclopentanes, cyclohexanes and n-heptane in 540 oils from the Tarim Basin were studied systematically. The results suggested the K1 values [ （2-MH＋ 2,3-DMP）/（3-MH ＋ 2,4-DMP） ] of crude oils vary from a lowest value of 0.78, to a highest value of 1.54, but the K1 values of the majority of oil samples （80%） range from 0.90 to 1.20. However, the absolute contents of （ 2-methylhexane ＋ 2,3-dimethylpentane） and （ 3-methylhexane ＋ 2,4-dimethylpentane） in the total light hydrocarbons （ C4-C7 ） show a similar variation trend. The variation of K1 values of crude oils can suggest a typical sedimentary environment for source rocks. Therefore, according to the compositional characteristics of C7 light hydrocarbons in light of the steady-state catalytic hypothesis, nonmarine oils from the Yingmaili area and marine oils from the Tazhong uplift in the Tarim Basin were genetically classified.     

GIS在福州城建沙盘演示控制系统中的应用研究

结合福州城建展示馆沙盘模型演示控制系统的建设实践,讨论了利用GIS控制沙盘灯光演示的技术路线,提出了将地理信息技术和沙盘演示控制系统集成的可行性方案。     

Photocatalytic Reduction of Cr^Ⅵ by Natural Sphalerite Suspensions under Visible Light Irradiation

The photocatalytic reductive capability of a natural semiconducting mineral, sphalerite has been studied for the first time. The sphalerite from the Huangshaping deposit of Hunan Province performed great photoreductive capability that 91.95% of the Cr^6＋ was reduced under 9 h visible light irradiation, higher than the 70.58% under 9.5 h UV light irradiation. The highly reductive ability results from its super negative potential of electrons in the conduction band. Furthermore, Fe substitution for Zn introduces donor states, and the oxidation process of Fe^2＋ to Fe^3＋ makes it an effective hole-scavenger. Cd and Cu substitute for Zn also reduce the bandgap and help broaden the absorbing edge towards the visible light. These substituting metal ions in natural sphalerite make it a hyper-active photocatalyst and very attractive for solar energy utilization.     

Photocatalytic Reduction of Cr~Ⅳ by Natural Sphalerite Suspensions under Visible Light Irradiation

The photocatalytic reductive capability of a natural semiconducting mineral, sphalerite has been studied for the first time. The sphalerite from the Huangshaping deposit of Hunan Province performed great photoreductive capability that 91.95% of the Cr6+ was reduced under 9 h visible light irradiation, higher than the 70.58% under 9.5 h UV light irradiation. The highly reductive ability results from its super negative potential of electrons in the conduction band. Furthermore, Fe substitution for Zn introduces donor states, and the oxidation process of Fe2+ to Fe3+ makes it an effective hole-scavenger. Cd and Cu substitute for Zn also reduce the bandgap and help broaden the absorbing edge towards the visible light. These substituting metal ions in natural sphalerite make it a hyper-active photocatalyst and very attractive for solar energy utilization.     

澳门美高梅金殿工程大口径钻孔扩底灌注桩施工技术

澳门美高梅金殿工程主楼基础为38根钻孔扩底灌注桩，桩孔直径为3m扩底到4．2-4．5m，场地狭窄，且是在微风化花岗岩中扩底。根据工程的具体情况，采用贝诺特工法、反循环四翼刮刀钻头钻进、滚刀钻头钻进等组合钻进工艺，同时采用在港澳地区限制严格的泥浆护壁钻进。为港澳地区用泥浆钻桩孔作出了典范，且取得了良好的经济效益。     

GF-5卫星高光谱影像数据质量评价与分析

目前遥感影像质量评价的指标与方法虽较为成熟,但尚未发现针对高分五号(GF-5)卫星AHSI影像数据质量评价及其可用性的全面研究。该文在分析高光谱影像质量评价方法的基础上,利用噪声标准差、清晰度和信息熵3个指标,对GF-5可见短波红外谱段的数据质量与可用性进行分析评价,结果表明:GF-5AHSI影像不同波段数据质量存在差异,影像信息主要集中在VNIR和SWIR第1-95波段内(受水汽影响的波段除外),SWIR中第43-50、96-112(1359.03~1418.17nm、1805.44~1940.15nm)共25个波段受水汽影响严重,不可用,第113-180(1948.57~2513.25nm)波段影像质量较差、噪声严重,阻碍了该波段的应用。研究结果可为GF-5AH-SI影像数据的处理与应用提供技术参考。     

南海北部及台湾海峡夏季自养与异养区域的分布

采用黑白瓶方法,在2012年夏季测定了台湾海峡及南海北部16个站位群落总的初级生产力(gross primary production,GPP)和群落呼吸(community respiration,CR),总的初级生产力GPP水柱积分平均值为106.6±7.51mmol O2 m–2·d–1(mean±SE,以下同),群落呼吸CR平均为131.1±5.95mmol O2 m–2·d–1,净群落生产力(net community production,NPP)变化范围为-179.0~377.6mmol O2 m–2·d–1(中值为-40.4mmol O2 m–2·d–1)。受上升流的影响,琼东海域呈现明显的自养状态。在珠江口,由于珠江冲淡水的流入,该区域也呈现自养状态。相反,台湾海峡近岸以及粤东近岸均为异养区域。由此可见,异养区域的群落呼吸并不是完全由本地初级生产力决定,有机碳在空间上的输送对海洋浮游生物群落新陈代谢的影响可能极为重要。