断陷盆地深层油气地球化学分析研究——以东营凹陷为例

正东营凹陷历经近60年的勘探,已达到高勘探程度阶段,勘探层系逐渐由中浅层向深层转移。然而,相较中浅层勘探,深层油气勘探程度较低,传统的油气地球化学分析技术难以直接应用于深层油气地球化学研究,对深层油气资源潜力的认识不足。因此,本文采用了化学态生物标志化合物提取、     

Modelling of benzene distribution in the subsurface of an abandoned gas plant site after a long term of groundwater table fluctuation

The non‐aqueous phase liquid simulator was used to model and interpret the occurrence of a thin benzene‐contaminated soil layer 9.0 m below the groundwater table in an abandoned gas plant site. The simulator was first evaluated in column tests under similar conditions to the contaminated site. Saturation–capillary pressure (S–P) relationships were extended from the laboratory scale of the column tests to the field scale of the subsurface at the abandoned site. Dynamic boundary conditions were established in order to prevent the model from generating excessive vertical velocities. The modelled benzene layer formation process agreed well with the in situ observations. With falling and then rising of the water table, benzene release from the surface migrated downward and then upward and distributed itself below and above the water table. Biochemical degradation of benzene made the distribution discontinuous in the subsurface. These two factors resulted in the thin benzene‐contaminated layer below the groundwater table. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

青海省草地资源净初级生产力遥感监测

在研究特定区域的草地光能利用率和环境影响因素典型特点的基础上,建立基于光能利用率的草地NPP遥感估算模型,模拟并分析2006年青海省草地FPAR、光能利用率、NPP的空间分布和季相变化特征。研究结果表明,2006年青海省草地净初级生产力平均值为173.28 gC/(m2.a)。青海省东南部、南部和青海湖周围三个地区,是青海省草地NPP较高的区域。不同草地类型的NPP存在差异,高覆盖度草地的单位面积平均NPP为193.82 gC/(m2.a),中覆盖度草地NPP为157.14 gC/(m2.a),低覆盖度草地NPP为121.08 gC/(m2.a)。     

基于空间认知的三维地图光影模型

针对现有三维地图在光照与阴影表达上存在的表现手法单一、调节功能欠缺、认知作用有限等诸多不足,从色彩学的角度探讨光照与阴影的颜色随经纬度和时间变化而变化的规律,充分考虑人们的空间认知习惯,建立一种简单可行的三维地图光影模型,可以非常方便、逼真地模拟任何地方的光照与阴影时空变化过程及规律,为人们在使用已有三维建模软件或利用组件式技术开发三维地图可视化软件时提供依据,以增强三维地图的视觉表达效果。     

基于线结构光视觉方法的绝缘子防污参数测量

提出了基于结构光视觉量测原理的绝缘子防污参数测量方法,采用非接触的测量方式高效地获取绝缘子带有结构光条影像,充分利用摄影测量、视觉量测技术和目标旋转体的几何结构特性,实现了变电站输变电设备带电工作状态下的绝缘子几何模型重建和防污参数量测。试验证明,该方法的自动化程度和精度可以满足绝缘子防污参数工程测量的要求,为变电设备调爬、带电水冲洗等防污工作的开展提供高精度的数据服务。     

遥感GPP模型在高寒草甸的应用比较

随着遥感数据时空分辨率的提高,大范围实时监测总初级生产力GPP(Gross Primary Productivity)的变化成为可能。本研究收集了黑河流域阿柔冻融观测站的气象观测资料和MODIS数据,驱动VPM、TG、VI和EC-LUE4个模型估算了该站点的GPP,并应用涡动相关观测的GPP验证了模拟结果,并比较了这4个模型的模拟精度。结果表明:阿柔站2009年的涡动相关观测的GPP、NEE(Net Ecosystem Exchange)和ER(Ecosystem Respiration)分别为:804.2gC/m2/yr、129.6gC/m2/yr和673.6gC/m2/yr。该站点光合作用固定的碳有83.8%通过生态系统的呼吸作用释放到大气中。基于遥感的GPP模型能够很好地模拟高寒草甸的GPP,全年的判定系数在0.94以上,生长季的判定系数大于0.84。     

基于轻型直升机为飞行平台的低空遥感系统应用研究

利用轻型直升机为飞行平台,搭载以全姿态纠正云台为核心的低空航摄设备进行试验研究,研发制造了相应的减震设备,有效地消除了直升机旋翼振动的影响。通过试验证明了该系统能够满足大比例尺成图的精度要求。在我国山区具有很好的推广价值。     

虚拟卫星法在 GNSS / INS组合导航中的应用

在 GNSS / INS车载组合导航系统中,GNSS信号易受遮挡或干扰而失锁,造成组合导航精度有所降低.针对这种情况,将虚拟卫星法应用于 GNSS / INS组合导航系统中.通过增加虚拟卫星,构造虚拟观测量,将实测观测量、虚拟观测量用于组合导航 Kalman滤波器解算.试验结果表明,此方法能够有效地提高系统的可观测性和导航精度.     

Limnology of Lake Waikaremoana with special reference to littoral and pelagic primary producers

Lake Waikaremoana, the North Island's deepest lake (248 m), lies in a natural forested catchment, but the lake itself has been modified for hydro‐electric power generation and by the introduction of trout, smelt, and adventive aquatic plants. The lake is a warm monomictic water body of low conductivity (82 μS cm^‐1) and a high seasonal water column stability. The waters are oligotrophic, with epilimnetic dissolved reactive phosphorus concentrations typically < 1 mg m^‐3. The concentration of NO₃‐N is seasonally variable but generally high in winter and spring with maximum epilimnetic values approaching 70 mg m ³. This contrasts with other central North Island lakes. Horizontal variability in surface chlorophyll a is low as are the absolute values (< 1–2 mg m^‐3). A notable feature is the formation of a deep chlorophyll maximum within the metalim‐nion comprised largely of Sphaewcystis schweteri as opposed to diatoms and flagellates which normally dominate the epilimnion. Vascular macro‐phytes (maximum biomass 659 g m² dry weight) extended to 9 m and characeans (maximum biomass 447 g m²dry weight) to 16 m. Total phyto‐plankton primary production was calculated as 4524 tCy^‐1 and macrophyte production as 578 t C y^‐1. The proportion of macrophyte to phy‐toplankton production (0.14) is higher than in the other deep lakes of the central North Island.     

Composition and flight periodicity of adult caddisflies in New Zealand hill‐country catchments of contrasting land use

A total of 6085 adult Trichoptera (excluding Hydroptilidae) representing 12 families, 31 genera, and 56 species were collected by a combination of Malaise net and light trapping from July 1998 to July 1999 at three hill‐country sites of contrasting catchment land use (100% native forest, a pasture site with native forest headwaters, and 100% pasture) in the Waikato, northern New Zealand. Forty‐eight species of Trichoptera were collected from Malaise nets and 45 species from light traps. Eleven species of Trichoptera were only ever collected from the Malaise nets and seven species from only the light traps. At the native forest site, Malaise nets collected more species and taxa of conservation interest than did light traps, possibly reflecting diurnal activity or non‐attraction to light by some species. Several species of Trichoptera showed site specificity and most of these were found at the native forest site. Twenty‐eight species were active for at least 6 months of the year with at least four species active all year. A minimum overnight air temperature of at least 9°C was required to induce Trichoptera flight activity, but large‐scale flight activity may require temperatures greater than 14°C. Trichoptera with free‐living and net spinning larvae exhibited extended flight periods, and for three species examined there were bi‐modal activity peaks. Adult caddisflies with cased larvae which grazed on epilithic food resources generally had reduced flight periods and one species had a well‐defined, synchronous periodicity. These findings suggest flight periodicity may partly be a functional response to larval food availability.