民航客机平台夜光遥感方法在香港经济活动变化检测中的应用

大规模持续的示威游行活动会影响一个城市的经济活动。自2019年6月开始,香港地区持续性的示威游行活动对多个行业产生冲击,香港地区经济受到一定程度影响。快速准确地识别出经济活动受影响区域将有助于政府进行准确损失评估和制定有效的经济恢复政策。本文首次提出使用民航客机夜光遥感结合VGI数据识别经济活动受影响区域的方法。首先在民航客机平台上用手机获取了研究区域2019年8月28日的高度重叠的照片,然后基于摄影测量技术对照片进行拼接处理生成夜光遥感影像,再与珞珈一号-01星夜光遥感影像、POI密度图对比初步筛选出受影响区域。最后通过VGI照片数据进行验证,检测出观塘区有2个经济活动下降的区域,并做了定量分析,发现在观塘区有2个区域的DN值相关比例分别下降了9.52%和19.42%。利用本文的方法能快速识别香港经济活动受影响区域,对于研究其他城市的经济变化有着借鉴意义,在城市精准治理方面也有重要的应用价值。     

Assessment of digital camera-derived vegetation indices in quantitative monitoring of seasonal rice growth

A commercially available digital camera can be used in a low-cost automatic observation system for monitoring crop growth change in open-air fields. We developed a prototype Crop Phenology Recording System (CPRS) for monitoring rice growth, but the ready-made waterproof cases that we used produced shadows on the images. After modifying the waterproof cases, we repeated the fixed-point camera observations to clarify questions regarding digital camera-derived vegetation indices (VIs), namely, the visible atmospherically resistant index (VARI) based on daytime normal color images (RGB image) and the nighttime relative brightness index (NRBI_NIR) based on nighttime near infrared (NIR) images. We also took frequent measurements of agronomic data such as plant length, leaf area index (LAI), and aboveground dry matter weight to gain a detailed understanding of the temporal relationship between the VIs and the biophysical parameters of rice. In addition, we conducted another nighttime outdoor experiment to establish the link between NRBI_NIR and camera-to-object distance. The study produced the following findings. (1) The customized waterproof cases succeeded in preventing large shadows from being cast, especially on nighttime images, and it was confirmed that the brightness of the nighttime NIR images had spatial heterogeneity when a point light source (flashlight) was used, in contrast to the daytime RGB images. (2) The additional experiment using a forklift showed that both the ISO sensitivity and the calibrated digital number of the NIR (cDN_NIR) had significant effects on the sensitivity of NRBI_NIR to the camera-to-object distance. (3) Detailed measurements of a reproductive stem were collected to investigate the connection between the morphological feature change caused by the panicle sagging process and the downtrend in NRBI_NIR during the reproductive stages. However, these agronomic data were not completely in accord with NRBI_NIR in terms of the temporal pattern. (4) The time-series data for the LAI, plant length, and aboveground dry matter weight could be well approximated by a sigmoid curve based on NRBI_NIR and VARI. The results confirmed that NRBI_NIR was more sensitive to all of the agronomic data for overall season, including the early reproductive stages. VARI had an especially high correlation with LAI, unless yellow panicles appeared in the field of view.     

Experimentation of structured light and stereo vision for underwater 3D reconstruction

Current research on underwater 3D imaging methods is mainly addressing long range applications like seafloor mapping or surveys of archeological sites and shipwrecks. Recently, there is an increasing need for more accessible and precise close-range 3D acquisition technologies in some application fields like, for example, monitoring the growth of coral reefs or reconstructing underwater archaeological pieces that in most cases cannot be recovered from the seabed. This paper presents the first results of a research project that aims to investigate the possibility of using active optical techniques for the whole-field 3D reconstructions in an underwater environment. In this work we have tested an optical technique, frequently used for in air acquisition, based on the projection of structured lighting patterns acquired by a stereo vision system. We describe the experimental setup used for the underwater tests, which were conducted in a water tank with different turbidity conditions. The tests have evidenced that the quality of 3D reconstruction is acceptable even with high turbidity values, despite the heavy presence of scattering and absorption effects.     

应用暗原色先验规律的遥感影像去雾技术

遥感影像去雾技术具有重大的应用价值。暗原色先验规律的提出为遥感影像的去雾提供了一种新的方法。根据遥感影像的特点,对应用暗原色先验规律的去雾方法进行了简化。实验证明,这种简化的方法对遥感影像的去雾处理能够在有效简化计算步骤的前提下取得良好的效果。     

钻孔灌注桩施工中机械磨损对策分析

本文详细论述了机械磨损及磨损的类型.磨损的最后结果必然是更新.对磨损进行了比较深入的分析,具有一定的参考价值.     

The color reflectance of marine-terrigenous deposits in LZ908 borehole in south coastal plain of the Laizhou Bay

Color measuring is characterized by high resolution, high efficiency, and low cost. The application becomes increasingly common for tracing sediment sources and climate variation. Borehole LZ908 in the south coastal plain of the Laizhou Bay in northeast China, was used, of which the top 54 m containing all marine facies was focused, to test the feasibility of colorimetry as a climate indicator using visible light reflectance spectra and L^*a^*b^* measurement results. The results show a good correction between lightness and calcium carbonate content in marine-terrigenous deposits; therefore, these deposits can be used as a proxy to study climate changes. Factor-analysis on the first derivative values of the raw visible light reflectance spectra produced three principal factors corresponding to goethite, organic matter, and hematite. Down hole variations in the three factor scores, lightness, calcium carbonate content, and grain size were quite consistent. Moreover, high lightness and low factor scores in goethite, hematite, and organics indicated glacial regression deposits, while low lightness and high factor scores in goethite, hematite, and organics indicated interglacial transgression deposits.     

Effects of irradiance on pigment signatures of harmful algae during growth process

Three harmful algal bloom (HAB) species, Phaeocystis globosa, Thalassiosira rotula, and Proro-centrum donghaiense were isolated from the coast of China and cultured in batches at three light intensities (40, 70 and 150 μmol photons·m^-2·s^-1). The variation patterns of cell numbers and growth rates with light intensity during growth process were different among species. In P. globosa and T. rotula, maximum growth rates were found at 150 μmol photons·m^-2·s^-1 and ranged from 0.60 divisions per day in T. rotula, to 1.17 divisions per day in P. globosa. The highest growth rate of P. donghaiense, however, was found at 70 μmol photons·m^-2·s^-1 (0.36 divisions per day). In general, all the three HAB species showed adaptation to increasing light intensity by decreas-ing cellular concentrations of chlorophyll a (Chl a), but the variation patterns during the growth process were species-specific. The cellular concentrations of Chl a in P. donghaiense and T. rotula increased gradually with incubation time, but the opposite trend was found in P. globosa. Most of the pigment ratios and pigment indices of these three species were nearly constant during the growth process and showed small changes at different light intensities illustrating the applicability of chemotaxonomy during the initial and developing stages of HAB events, which is very important to study the ecological issues related to HAB species. Ratios of photoprotective carotenoids, such as diadinoxanthin, diatoxanthin and β,β-carotene to total chlorophylls a (Tchl a) showed the trend of increasing with the increase of light intensity during growth process. The species-specific and pigment-specific variations in pigment ratios/indices at different light intensities during growth pro-cess probably reflected the differences in the pigment composition as well as the adaption capabilities of different species to the changes of physical conditions.     

Physical and chemical processes promoting dominance of the toxic cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii

The freshwater cyanobacterium, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Wo?oszyńska) Seenayya and Subba Raju is a common species in lakes and reservoirs globally. In some areas of the world it can produce cyto- and hepatotoxins (cylindrospermopsins, saxitoxins), making blooms of this species a serious health concern for humans. In the last 10-15 years, there has been a considerable body of research conducted on the ecology, physiology and toxin production of this species and this paper reviews these studies with a focus on the cylindrospermopsin (CYN)-producing strains. C. raciborskii has low light requirements, close to neutral buoyancy, and a wide temperature tolerance, giving it the capacity to grow in many lentic waterbodies. It also has a flexible strategy with respect to nitrogen (N) utilisation; being able to switch between utilising fixed and atmospheric N as sources of N fluctuate. Additionally this species has a high phosphate (DIP) affinity and storage capacity. Like many cyanobacteria, it also has the capacity to use dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP). Changes in nutrient concentrations, light levels and temperature have also been found to affect production of the toxin CYN by this species. However, optimal toxin production does not necessarily occur when growth rates are optimal. Additionally, different strains of C. raciborskii vary in their cell quota of CYN, making it difficult to predict toxin concentrations, based on C. raciborskii cell densities. In summary, the ecological flexibility of this organism means that controlling blooms of C. raciborskii is a difficult undertaking. However, improved understanding of factors promoting the species and toxin production by genetically capable strains will lead to improved predictive models of blooms.     

使用GMS数值化卫星资料估计梅雨锋降水的初步探讨

应用ＧＭＳ可见光和红外通道数值化资料，针对梅雨锋云系特点，选用云顶红外计数值、可见光计数值、红外计数值梯度等因子，用逐步回归法导得高层高积云、多层云和积雨云的降水与上述因子的关系。并将估计结果与理论、实测降水比较，表明该方法估计效果较好，采用云分类降水估计结果比无云分类的要好。