The evolution of the electronics industry in Johor (Malaysia): Strategic coupling,adaptiveness, adaptation,and the role of agency

Bringing together concepts from the global production networks and evolutionary economic geography literature, this article empirically examines the trajectory of the electrical and electronics industry in Johor (Malaysia). Based on trends in firm entries and exit as well as interviews with companies, we find limited robustness in the industry’s trajectory. While there is evidence of the role of ‘structure’ in this outcome, we argue that human agency – particularly the actions of subnational policy-makers – is key. This is manifest in a preference for fostering regional ‘adaptiveness’ through the often uncritical promotion of a diversity of economic sectors. This compromises the meaningful pursuit of regional ‘adaptation’ in the form of new and more complex branches emerging from existing industries. This arrested development, in turn, hinders an effective strategic coupling between the regional economy and multinational corporations, thus undermining regional resilience.     

塔西台地寒武纪沉积环境演化与海陆耦合

碳酸盐岩台地作为陆地与深海间的过渡带,其沉积记录了海洋和邻近陆地的演化。结合已有的沉积学工作,对塔里木盆地西部台地寒武系碳酸盐岩进行全岩及酸不溶物地球化学研究。塔西台地寒武纪主要发育局限台地、局限-蒸发台地或蒸发台地相沉积。碳酸盐岩的地球化学特征主要受沉积环境和成岩作用影响,对研究区寒武系白云岩来说,其元素组成极易受沉积微相的控制,氧同位素组成则很可能已被成岩作用改造,仅原生、准同生白云岩的Sr/Ba、Fe/Mn和C同位素可反映沉积相演化对应的古盐度、离岸距离等沉积环境特征的变化,酸不溶物化学蚀变指数（CIA值）则指示邻近陆地的化学风化强度与气候特征。寒武纪时期,塔西台地在相对海平面较高时发育局限台地相沉积,以水体盐度较低、沉积环境离岸较远和生物活动相对较弱为特征,陆地化学风化强度适中,气候温暖湿润;在相对海平面较低时发育蒸发台地相沉积,具有水体盐度较高、沉积环境离岸较近和生物活动相对较强等特点,陆地化学风化强烈,气候炎热极端;在相对海平面适中时发育局限-蒸发台地,沉积环境和邻近陆地的特征介于前述二者之间。沉积相演化对应的较长周期的海陆演化可能主要受全球海平面升降及宏观气候变化控制,具体表现为相对海平面升降所导致的海相沉积环境的变化,以及气候变化引起的陆地化学风化强度的变化。寒武纪塔西台地所处区域的海洋-陆地演化具有高度耦合的特征。     

基于势流理论和OpenFOAM的耦合模型对多向不规则波浪的模拟

基于势流理论的数值水池可以快速计算波浪的传播及其对建筑物的作用,但是势流理论是基于波浪的无黏性假设的,而在工程中,通常需要在固体边界及波浪破碎的区域考虑黏性效应。针对基于求解Navier-Stokes方程的黏性水池计算量较大、速度较慢的缺点,采用耦合的方法模拟多向不规则波浪的传播,即在外域通过基于势流理论的数值水池产生多向不规则波浪,内域采用求解Navier-Stokes方程和流体体积法(VOF方法)对自由表面进行追踪,通过外域所提供的边界波浪,内域计算可以在较小区域进行计算,从而达到减少计算量、提高计算效率的目的。     

鲁西隆起和济阳拗陷耦合关系分析

通过分析鲁西隆起和济阳拗陷的地壳结构特征,结合二者的空间分布、时间演化及构造上的相关性,发现同处于伸展构造环境且相邻的鲁西隆起和济阳拗陷在地壳结构特征存在明显不同.济阳拗陷表现为地壳均衡的镜像结构特征,不同于地壳呈向上隆起状的鲁西隆起,说明鲁西隆起和济阳拗陷在成因上存在明显差异.济阳拗陷的伸展过程并非由地幔物质主动上涌造成,应是鲁西隆起在隆升过程对济阳拗陷地壳的拖拽作用,鲁西隆起和济阳拗陷的地壳结构特征反映出它们在成因上具有明显的耦合性.     

克拉美丽山南缘西段盆山耦合机制

克拉美丽山位于准噶尔盆地东部,晚古生代克拉美丽洋盆向北俯冲消亡,西伯利亚板块与准噶尔地块在该地区发生碰撞造山。目前,就石炭纪之后克拉美丽山的构造活动存在持续挤压、拉分、伸展、挤压-伸展转换多种观点,构造样式也各不相同。本文应用断层相关褶皱理论,从盆山过渡带现今构造样式入手来探讨克拉美丽山南缘西段盆山耦合机制。研究结果表明,克拉美丽山西段在石炭纪之后经历了中二叠世早期、早三叠世早期、晚三叠世末期、晚侏罗世-早白垩世、晚白垩世早期和古新世末期6 次构造隆升。前4 期相对稳定沉积,晚白垩世早期,晚古生代地层沿着下二叠统底部的泥岩层滑脱面以叠瓦状构造楔样式向南楔入,构造缩短量大于15 km,现今盆山构造样式初步形成。始新世构造楔遭受后期突破断层改造。始新世后,克拉美丽山大规模的构造活动基本停止,地层遭受剥蚀最终形成现今地质结构。     

渤海湾盆地庙西中南洼围区原油成因类型及分布主控因素

通过原油生物标志化合物参数聚类分析,在对比沙河街组不同层系烃源岩地化特征的基础上,分析了渤海海域庙西中南洼已发现原油的成因类型、来源及其分布规律。结果表明,研究区目前已发现的原油主要有Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型3种成因类型,其中：Ⅰ型原油来源于沙三段烃源岩,主要分布在垦利6-4区和蓬莱25区,其进一步可分为Ⅰ₁和Ⅰ₂两个亚类,分别对应中高熟沙三型原油和中低熟沙三型原油;Ⅱ型原油来源于沙三段和沙四段烃源岩,主要分布在蓬莱31区;Ⅲ型原油主要来源于沙四段烃源岩,可能有少量的沙三段烃源岩贡献,主要分布在渤中36区。原油地化特征及分布规律指示研究区为近源成藏特征。综合烃源岩分布特征及断层活动性分析认为蓬莱25区和垦利6-4区原油类型主要受烃源岩控制,而蓬莱31区和渤中36区原油类型和分布受断裂和烃源岩联合控制。     

Generation of oceanic internal gravity waves by a cyclonic surface stress disturbance

Atmospheric cyclones with strong winds significantly impact ocean circulation, regional sea surface temperature, and deep water formation across the global oceans. Thus they are expected to play a key role in a variety of energy transport mechanisms. Even though wind-generated internal gravity waves are thought to contribute significantly to the energy balance of the deep ocean, their excitation mechanisms are only partly understood.The present study investigates the generation of internal gravity waves during a geostrophic adjustment process in a Boussinesq model with axisymmetric geometry. The atmospheric disturbance is set by an idealized pulse of cyclonic wind stress with a Rankine vortex structure. Strength, radius and duration of the forcing are varied. The effect upon wave generation of stratification with variable mixed-layer depth is also examined.Results indicate that internal gravity waves are generated after approximately one inertial period. The outward radial energy flux is dominated by waves having structure close to vertical mode-1 and with frequency close to the inertial frequency. Less energetic higher mode waves are observed to be generated close to the sea floor underneath the storm. The total radiated energy corresponds to approximately 0.02% of the wind input. Deeper mixed-layer conditions as well as weaker stratification reduce this fraction.The low energy transfer rates suggest that other processes that drive vertical motion like surface heat fluxes, turbulent motion, mixed region collapse and storm translation are essential for significant energy extraction by internal gravity waves to occur.     

Bed material texture in low order streams on the Queen Charlotte Islands,British Columbia

Low order channels comprise a large proportion of the links of every drainage basin, and are often at the centre of land management concerns. They exhibit hydrological and geomorphological characteristics atypical of higher order links. This paper examines the nature and causes of variations in the bed material texture of two streams on the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. The extant, functional exponential model is found to be inadequate for explaining observed changes in grain size parameters with distance downstream. Recurrent disruption of sediment transport by large organic debris jams, and the sporadic contamination of the fluvial sediment population by colluvial inputs, preclude the development of longitudinal structure. Rather, grain size varies erratically over short distances. A stochastic model best describes the observed variations, and should be adopted as an alternative to the exponential model in low order links. Characteristic variances are controlled by the degree of hillslope-channel coupling, and the extent and characteristics of non-alluvial storage mechanisms.     

江汉叠合盆地及邻区中生代以来盆山耦合数值模拟研究

江汉叠合盆地位于扬子地台中部,夹持于秦岭-大别及江南造山带中段之间。中生代以来,先后经历了北部陆陆碰撞、南部陆内挤压造山与断陷、裂陷成盆的演化历程,区域构造体制在中生代发生了重大转换,其中复合、联合了众多的地质现象;盆地历经的海盆、煤盆、盐盆、陆相广盆四个盆地世代详细记录有中国南北大陆联合及东北亚大陆构造体制转换的运动学过程,是认识欧亚大陆东部深层动力地质作用过程的关键地区之一。盆地沉积充填过程可简要概括为前陆、裂陷、坳陷三种基本样式。系统的盆山构造样式及运动学分析结果表明:叠合盆地前陆期发育于同碰撞-造山后作用阶段早期,断、坳陷期发育于造山后作用阶段晚期-非造山裂解阶段。本文运用大陆动力学数值模拟(FLAC软件)方法,从挤压和伸展两方面效验了山-盆演化分别受控于印支-早燕山期的华南与华北陆块的旋转碰撞造山,以及随后的晚燕山-喜山早期碰后陆内俯冲作用所产生的板片断离引起的地幔物质上升与对流作用,晚喜山期太平洋板块俯冲作用以及由此产生的地幔调整等三期动力学系统。为南方中小型叠合盆地动力学解析提供了一种新的思路与研究方法。     

关于暴时电离层电流分布的南北半球不对称性

采用国际上广泛认可的高层大气和电离层经验模式提供的各种参数, 通过电离层电流连续方程, 计算出强磁暴条件下6月至日和12月至日内, 磁纬±72°和磁地方时00:00～24:00之间电离层电场、电流等的分布. 计算中考虑了地磁和地理坐标间的偏离; 除中性风场感生的发电机效应外, 还包含了磁层耦合(极盖区边界的晨昏电场和二区场向电流)的驱动外源. 结果表明, 6月至日时, 磁层扰动自极光区向中低纬的穿透情况在南、北半球内基本接近, 北半球内略强; 但12月至日时, 呈现明显的不对称性, 南半球的电流穿透远强于北半球, 而电场的穿透则是在北半球更强. 无论南北半球, 在中高纬地区, 午夜至黎明时段出现较强的东向电场分量, 其[WTHX]E×B[WTBZ]的向上漂移效应, 正是解释我们以往不少研究现象中所期盼的物理机制.