浅析计算机病毒对气象业务网络的危害与防范

简要地介绍了对气象业务网络危害极大的计算机病毒，分析了计算机病毒发展的趋势。介绍了武汉气象中心防病毒系统的设计及实践。表明“分组、分级”管理模式的计算机病毒防御系统能有效地抵御病毒对网络的进攻，保证气象业务正常运行。     

一种带节点移动的手机蓝牙病毒传播模型

研究了手机节点的空间特性和移动特性,提出了一种新的手机蓝牙病毒传播模型。结合人类运动的行为模式,给出了移动环境下手机节点平均度的计算方法。结合渗流理论分析了蓝牙病毒大规模爆发的可能性,讨论了节点分布密度、蓝牙连接概率等参数对手机蓝牙病毒传播的影响。仿真结果表明,该模型较好地模拟了手机蓝牙病毒的传播过程,符合手机蓝牙病毒的传播规律。     

对虾细胞培养的研究现状、存在问题及建立细胞系策略

近年来,对虾病毒病的爆发,使我国养殖对虾的年产量大幅度下降,造成了巨大的经济损失。就对虾细胞培养研究现状、应用前景和存在的关键问题等进行了综述和讨论。     

咳喘宁对哮喘豚鼠IL-6、TNF-α的调节作用研究

目的：研究咳喘宁对哮喘豚鼠白细胞介素（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）的调节作用。方法：将60只豚鼠随机分为空白组10只、造模组50只。利用呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）感染豚鼠建立动物模型,加鸡卵白蛋白（OVA）诱导建立哮喘模型。造模组成功后再将其随机分为模型组,咳喘宁高、中、低剂量组,西药组,每组各10只。咳喘宁高、中、低剂量组分别给予不同剂量的咳喘宁口服液,西药组给予地塞米松+利巴韦林,空白组、模型组给予0.9%氯化钠注射液。经治疗7 d后,应用HE染色法检测咳喘宁对RSV哮喘豚鼠模型的治疗效果;收集支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）并采集心脏血,用酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法分析血清、BALF中IL-6和TNF-α的含量。结果：血清、BALF中IL-6、TNF-α含量,模型组与空白组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,说明造模成功。咳喘宁高、中、低剂量组及西药组与模型组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。咳喘宁高剂量组与西药组比较,差异亦有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：咳喘宁可以降低炎性因子水平,控制气道炎症,调节IL-6和TNF-α含量,改善哮喘模型豚鼠的肺组织病理变化。     

Mesoscale and microscale spatial variability of bacteria and viruses during a Phaeocystis globosa bloom in the Eastern English Channel

Sampling was conducted within inshore and offshore sites, characterized by highly dissimilar hydrodynamic and hydrobiological conditions, in the Eastern English Channel. The eutrophic inshore site was dominated by the influence of a dense bloom of the Prymnesiophyceae phytoplankton species Phaeocystis globosa, while the offshore site was characterized by more oceanic conditions. Within each site the microscale distributions of chlorophyll a and several flow cytometrically-defined subpopulations of heterotrophic bacteria and viruses were measured at a spatial resolution of 5 cm. The inshore site was characterized by comparatively high levels of microscale spatial variability, with concentrations of chlorophyll a, heterotrophic bacteria, and viruses varying by 8, 11 and 3.5-fold respectively across distances of several centimeters. Within the offshore site, microscale distributions of chlorophyll a and bacteria were markedly less variable than within the inshore site, although viruses exhibited slightly higher levels of heterogeneity. Significant mesoscale variability was also observed when mean microbial parameters were compared between the inshore and offshore sites. However, when the extent of change (max/min and coefficient of variation) was compared between meso- and microscales, the variability observed at the microscale, particularly in the inshore site, was substantially greater. This pattern suggests that microscale processes associated with Phaeocystis globosa bloom dynamics can generate heterogeneity amongst microbial communities to a greater degree than large scale oceanographic discontinuities.     

"红肉病"文蛤(Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus)中发现的3种病毒样颗粒

本文报道了在患“红肉病”文蛤组织中发现的 3种病毒样颗粒。 1种主要存在于鳃上皮下的结缔组织中 ,呈球形或椭球形 ,大小 (5 0～ 6 0 ) nm× (5 0～ 110 ) nm,无囊膜包裹。另 1种为球形 ,直径 16 0～ 180 nm,有囊膜 ,存在于外套膜上皮细胞及结缔组织细胞质中。第 3种存在于消化盲囊上皮细胞质内 ,为无囊膜包裹的球形病毒样颗粒 ,直径为 5 0～ 80 nm。     

STUDIES ON IMMUNODIAGNOSIS OFHEPATOPANCREATIC PARVO- LIKEVIRUS DISEASE OF THE CHINESEPENAEID, PENAEUS CHINENSISI. PURIFICATION OF THE VIRUS

The viral disease of penaeids is indistinct but highly dangerous because their symptoms are often masked by some secondary ones.In order to gain knowledge on how to prevent the occurrence and spread of this viral disease, diagnostic studies on the early phase of the hepatopancreatic parvo-like viral (HPV)disease of cultured Penaeus chinensis was conducted using immuno-serological techniques. The purification of HPV was successfully done by density gradient ultracentrifugation of cane sugar.     

杂色鲍裂壳病球状病毒的初步观察

1999年以来 ,广东汕尾地区养殖杂色鲍Haliotisdiversicolor出现了“裂壳病” ,经电镜观察 ,发现感染了一种球状病毒 ,大小为 1 5 0— 2 2 0nm ,皆存在于细胞的细胞质中 ,细胞核内没有发现病毒。主要侵染鲍的腹足、外套膜、性腺、肝、鳃等部位。病鲍表现为头端壳缘外翻 ,呼吸孔融合成一条线 ,活力减弱 ,身体消瘦 ,逐渐死亡。     

老爷海潟湖内底层缺氧规模对南海季风气候节律的响应

在海南岛形成春旱时,老爷海潟湖内常常发生网箱养殖鱼类因缺氧(DO2mg/L或者30%)而迅速(1—2天内)大规模死亡的事件;然而,其中的缺氧成因至今仍未见相关研究报道。本文在2008—2011年对老爷海执行了7个航次的生物地球化学调查。在形成充沛春雨的2009年春季季风转换期所执行航次(气象条件表现为风速高和多雨)中,很难观察到底层缺氧现象;与此相对应,潟湖水体的垂直稳定度差,浮游植物群落以微微型(2μm)和微型(2—10μm)藻类占优势。在形成显著春旱的2010年春季季风转换期所执行航次(气象条件表现为微风和少雨)中有大规模底层缺氧形成,缺氧水体从内湾深坑水柱(水深约6m)底层一直蔓延到外湾浅水养殖区;与此相对应,内湾深坑水柱明显层化并形成高盐度生境,浮游植物群落以海洋角管藻(硅藻)占优势,而病毒丰度则达到所有7个航次调查中的最高值。在2008、2009和2011年西南季风盛行期所执行航次(气象条件表现为高温、微风和多雨)中都有小规模底层缺氧形成,且仅局限在内湾深坑底层水中;与此相对应,深坑水柱强烈层化并形成低盐度生境,浮游植物群落以微微型和微型藻类占优势。以上调查结果说明,老爷海潟湖内的底层缺氧规模对上界面的南海季风气候节律有着明显响应;其中,春旱气象条件在潟湖内湾所营造的水柱层化(阻碍复氧)和高盐度生境(有利于硅藻成为浮游植物群落优势种)相耦合,则可促成从潟湖内湾深坑底层一直蔓延到外湾网箱养殖区的大规模底层缺氧现象。