贞丰竹林堡石林景观特征及其美学价值探讨

在实地调研收集资料的基础上, 论述了贞丰竹林堡石林的地质背景、成景条件以及景观特征, 并对其美学价值进行了探讨。竹林堡石林位于早三叠世奥伦期相变带上, 是贵州三叠纪喀斯特石林的重要代表, 具有表观形态美、空间结构美、景观组合美等美学特征, 新发现的"新双乳峰"物质组成与原双乳峰同为安顺组白云岩, 是竹林堡石林不可分割的有机整体。      

Shaking table testing and numerical simulation of the seismic response of a typical Mexican colonial temple

A shaking table testing program was undertaken with the main objective of providing basic information for the calibration of analytical models, and procedures for determining seismic response of typical stone masonry temples of the 16–18th centuries stone masonry construction in Mexico. A typical colonial temple was chosen as a prototype. A model at a 1:8 geometric scale was built with the same materials and techniques as the prototype, and was subjected to horizontal and vertical motions of increasing intensities. The maximum applied intensity corresponded to a base shear force of about 58 of the total building weight. Vertical component of the base motion significantly affected the response and increased the damage of the model. Damage patterns were similar to those observed in actual temples. Damping coefficients of the response ranged from 7 for undamaged state, reached about 14 for severe damage. The main features of the measured response were compared with those computed using a nonlinear, finite element model; for the latter, a constitutive law developed for plain concrete was adopted for reproducing cracking and crushing of the irregular stone masonry. Observed damage patterns as well as measured response could be reproduced with reasonable accuracy by the analytical simulation, except for some local vibrations, as those at the top of the bell towers. It can be concluded that the simple constitutive law adopted for the simulation was able to reproduce the experimental response with reasonable level of accuracy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

传统矿产资源储量估算软件实现中的夹石及采空区快速扣除方法

合理扣除矿体块段空间范围内的夹石、小块段、采空区是获取真实资源储量的前提.根据我国传统矿产资源储量估算方法的特点,提出了一种新的基于空间关系的计算机辅助夹石、小块段、采空区快速扣除的方法;并根据该方法实现了QuantyMine矿产资源勘查与开发软件中的垂直剖面法矿产资源储量估算子系统.经实际矿山应用对比,该系统可有效地解决围岩夹石、小块段、采空区扣除等复杂问题,为用户提供一个基于传统方法的矿产资源储量动态估算与管理平台.     

碎石桩联合土工格栅复合地基处理湿地软基的机制研究

高原湿地软基的突出特点是含有地质条件很差的泥炭层。采用碎石桩联合土工格栅复合地基处理湿地软基是一个新的尝试。在有限元分析的基础上,给出了碎石桩联合土工格栅复合地基处理高原湿地软基的受力、变形特征与作用机制,结果表明,碎石桩可以加快软基的排水固结,提高地基的承载力,土工格栅的主要作用在于限制路堤的侧向位移和减小差异沉降。     

Turbidity Removal from Wastewaters of Natural Stone Processing by Coagulation/Flocculation Methods

The effectiveness of coagulation (at pH values of 6, 7.5, and 9), flocculation (at pH 9), and coagulation plus flocculation (at pH 9) on turbidity removal from natural stone (travertine) processing wastewaters (NSPW) were examined by applying classical sedimentation tests. FeCl₃·6 H₂O, AlCl₃, and Al₂(SO₄)₃·16 H₂O were used as coagulants and a polyacrylamide based anionic polymer was used as the flocculant. In this way, it was found that the coagulation method alone was not sufficient to purify NSPW, whereas flocculation and coagulation plus flocculation methods provided superior purification. Among the coagulants used, AlCl₃ gave the best result in terms of turbidity removal by coagulation from NSPW at pH 6 and 9, whereas the turbidity removal performances of the three coagulants were almost identical at pH 7.5. In addition, relatively low pH (i. e., pH 6) improved the purification performance of all coagulants. During coagulation of NSPW at pH 6, a charge neutralization mechanism played a decisive role in turbidity removal. However, in neutral (pH 7.5) and slightly basic (pH 9) media, a sweep coagulation mechanism was predominant. For flocculation of NSPW, the basic mechanism comprised of polymer bridging.     

Low impact surface hardness testing (Equotip) on porous surfaces – advances in methodology with implications for rock weathering and stone deterioration research

The Equotip surface hardness tester is becoming a popular method for rock and stone weathering research. In order to improve the reliability of Equotip for on‐site application this study tested four porous limestones under laboratory conditions. The range of stone porosity was chosen to represent likely porosities found in weathered limestones in the field. We consider several key issues: (i) its suitability for soft and porous stones; (ii) the type of probe required for specific on‐site applications; (iii) appropriate (non‐parametrical) statistical methods for Equotip data; (iv) sufficient sampling size. This study shows that the Equotip is suitable for soft and porous rock and stone. From the two tested probes the DL probe has some advantages over the D probe as it correlates slightly better with open porosity and allows for more controlled sampling in recessed areas and rough or curved areas. We show that appropriate sampling sizes and robust non‐parametric methods for subsequent data evaluation can produce meaningful measures of rock surface hardness derived from the Equotip. The novel Hybrid dynamic hardness, a combination of two measuring procedures [single impact method (SIM) and repeated impact method (RIM)], has been adapted and is based on median values to provide a more robust data evaluation. For the tested stones in this study we propose a sample size of 45 readings (for a confidence level of 95%). This approach can certainly be transferred to stone and rock with similar porosities and hardness. Our approach also allows for consistent comparisons to be made across a wide variety of studies in the fields of rock weathering and stone deterioration research. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

巴江流域演变与路南石林发育耦合分析

本文分析了巴江喀斯特流域的水系、地貌结构特征,通过多次野外调研,探讨了石林的形态及其在巴江流域内的空间分布特征。研究表明石林主要发育在二叠系的栖霞组、茅口组灰岩上,岩性和地层的差异对石林的形状有较大影响;石林的分布在地貌部位上并无明显的选择性,在洼地、斜坡及山顶均可发育,但石林的形态和高度在三种地貌部位间有明显的变化规律;以路南群为中心,往北、东方向距路南群越远,石林的高度有逐渐减小的趋势,同时石柱间的距离也越来越大,由簇状石林向分离程度很好的单个石柱变化;天生桥为一地貌裂点,石林的形态和分布特征在其上、下也表现出明显的差异。同时,根据石林发育的“三元剥蚀”机制,结合路南地区的水文、地质、地貌演化史,作者进一步分析了路南石林发育和巴江流域演变之间的内在联系,并把路南石林的发育划分为三个时期,即路南古湖期、石林遍生期和流域回春期。作者认为,石林的出现和大范围分布并非偶然,而是巴江流域演变到一定阶段的产物。     

振冲碎石桩在龙头石水电站坝基加固中的应用

针对龙头石水电站坝基的深厚砂砾石地层.采用振冲碎石桩处理,通过检测,处理后的地基达到工程要求.并消除了液化,效果较好.     

Heritage stone in South Australia

South Australia has the greatest utilisation of heritage or building stone in Australia because of its lack of timber resources. Consequently, natural stone was intensively used from the beginning of European colonisation. Building stones in South Australia, notable for their variety given the State’s diverse geology, can be challenging to designate as to their international importance. However, dimension stone in South Australia can also be designated as having national, regional, local or prospective importance. Commonly, stone in South Australia is restricted in use to a specific town, or even a single construction, and has only local significance except where use involves special stone characteristics, unusual stone masonry or use in a building with significant heritage. For instance, the town of Second Valley has a localised use of marble, likely the earliest use (1849) of this rock type in the State. Another example, ‘Adelaide Black Granite’, quarried since 1958, should probably be recognised internationally as a ‘Global Heritage Stone Resource’, as it has had intensive monumental use around Australia, utilisation as cladding in modern buildings, as well as paving and walling in Australia’s National Parliament in Canberra. It has also been exported, notably used for the Australian Embassy in Japan and for a major War Memorial at Le Hamel, France. South Australian slate quarries also provide significant heritage stone. For example, the Willunga Slate quarry south of Adelaide has been sourced for roofing slate and walling since 1840 and is arguably the longest continuous mining operation in Australia; this resource has obvious national significance given a period of quarrying extending to the present, coupled with national distribution of its products. Probably the most widespread stone sourced in South Australia is the surface limestone or calcrete, quarried in the Adelaide area until the 1850s and used for general construction. The stone continues to be used in rural areas. While arguably only of local significance, it could be considered to have national importance because of its extensive use in churches, public building, hotels, houses and simple walling across a vast area of South Australia. Additional research is needed to clarify the heritage status of many building stones used in South Australia.