Historical change and future scenarios of sea level rise in Macau and adjacent waters

Against a background of climate change, Macau is very exposed to sea level rise(SLR) because of its low elevation,small size, and ongoing land reclamation. Therefore, we evaluate sea level changes in Macau, both historical and, especially,possible future scenarios, aiming to provide knowledge and a framework to help accommodate and protect against future SLR. Sea level in Macau is now rising at an accelerated rate: 1.35 mm yr-1over 1925–2010 and jumping to 4.2 mm yr-1over 1970–2010, which outpaces the rise in global mean sea level. In addition, vertical land movement in Macau contributes little to local sea level change. In the future, the rate of SLR in Macau will be about 20% higher than the global average, as a consequence of a greater local warming tendency and strengthened northward winds. Specifically, the sea level is projected to rise 8–12, 22–51 and 35–118 cm by 2020, 2060 and 2100, respectively, depending on the emissions scenario and climate sensitivity. Under the +8.5 W m-2Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP8.5) scenario the increase in sea level by2100 will reach 65–118 cm—double that under RCP2.6. Moreover, the SLR will accelerate under RCP6.0 and RCP8.5, while remaining at a moderate and steady rate under RCP4.5 and RCP2.6. The key source of uncertainty stems from the emissions scenario and climate sensitivity, among which the discrepancies in SLR are small during the first half of the 21 st century but begin to diverge thereafter.     

Assessment of freely available CartoDEM V1 and V1.1R1 with respect to high resolution aerial photogrammetric DEM in high mountains

The accuracy of DEMs shows wide variations from one terrain to another and it needs to be determined. This study evaluates NRSC (National Remote Sensing Centre, Hyderabad, India) CartoDEM V1 and V1.1R1 with respect to resampled ADS80 DEM for parts of the Himalayas. Both the test DEMs were properly registered with reference to resampled ADS80 DEM and then individually subtracted to get the difference DEMs. Visual and statistical analyses were performed to assess the quality of the tested DEMs in terms of visible terrain and vertical accuracy. For calculating the accuracies in different terrain classes, slope and aspect maps were generated from the ADS80 DEM. Properly registered Landsat5 TM data were used for the development of the land cover map with four classes. The overall vertical accuracy measured for CartoDEM V1 was 269.9 m (LE90), while CartoDEM V1.1R1 showed huge improvement in the accuracy with 68.5 m (LE90).     

Big data analytics: six techniques

Abstract

Big data have 4V characteristics of volume, variety, velocity, and veracity, which authentically calls for big data analytics. However, what are the dominant characteristics of big data analysis? Here, the analytics is related to the entire methodology rather than the individual specific analysis. In this paper, six techniques concerning big data analytics are proposed, which include: (1) Ensemble analysis related to a large volume of data, (2) Association analysis related to unknown data sampling, (3) High-dimensional analysis related to a variety of data, (4) Deep analysis related to the veracity of data, (5) Precision analysis related to the veracity of data, and (6) Divide-and-conquer analysis related to the velocity of data. The essential of big data analytics is the structural analysis of big data in an optimal criterion of physics, computation, and human cognition. Fundamentally, two theoretical challenges, ie the violation of independent and identical distribution, and the extension of general set-theory, are posed. In particular, we have illustrated three kinds of association in geographical big data, ie geometrical associations in space and time, spatiotemporal correlations in statistics, and space-time relations in semantics. Furthermore, we have illustrated three kinds of spatiotemporal data analysis, ie measurement (observation) adjustment of geometrical quantities, human spatial behavior analysis with trajectories, data assimilation of physical models and various observations, from which spatiotemporal big data analysis may be largely derived.     

同时改进背景值和初始条件的一种GM(1,1)预测方法

传统GM(1,1)模型在背景值和初始条件的选取方面存在不足,为了提高灰色GM(1,1)模型的预测精度和拟合精度,本文提出了一种同时改进背景值和初始条件选取的新模型,此模型对以往单独对背景值或初始条件的优化进行了改进,将两个影响条件整合到一起。最后通过实例将该新模型与几种模型的拟合和预测数据比较,显示出了新模型的预测精度高。     

机载LiDAR在河南省重要成矿区带1∶5000地形图测绘中的应用

机载LiDAR技术具有穿透能力强、受天气影响小、数据精度高等特点。河南省重要成矿带位于豫西和豫西南山区,部分区域内更是人迹罕至。应用LiDAR技术测绘该区域内地形图具有其他测绘技术不可比拟的优势。     

基于内容的遥感图像数据库植被区域检索

随着遥感图像数量的急剧增加,基于内容的遥感图像检索系统已成为一个研究热点。该文在以综合区域匹配算法为图像相似度度量的前提下,提出了以空间绿颜色特征值降序排序的遥感图像数据库植被区域检索方法。首先,用综合区域匹配算法对图像进行相似度度量;然后,依据这些图像的空间绿颜色特征值对图像进行降序排序,从而得到含有植被区域这一高级语义特征的检索结果。实验表明:该方法将检索查准率提高了20%,检索效率明显提高,可满足用户的需求。     

FJCORS在矿山测量中的应用

介绍了FJCORS系统的基本原理及基本结构,结合在福建省某矿区地质普查项目实例,阐述了FJCORS技术在矿山测量中的应用方法,并通过对测量成果进行比对,分析其精度,证明了采用FJCORS技术测绘成果精度可靠性,总结了FJCORS技术在矿山测量实际应用中的优点与不足,指出FJCORS技术将在矿山测量中得到更广泛的应用。     

基于DLG数据的DEM精细化(二维)制作探讨

通过宁夏DEM精细化制作,探讨基于1∶10 000 DLG数据的DEM精细化生产过程中的技术,进一步细化生成多尺度数字高程模型数据。     

数字水准仪在高程控制测量中的应用

在测绘技术及仪器技术不断提升的同时,基础测绘以及工程测量等对于水准测量的精度要求也越来越高,数字水准仪运用到高程控制测量也具备了实现的可能性。本文针对实际工程中基本设计对测量精度的要求来探讨数字水准仪的测量精度和可靠性。     

金融危机前后基于垂直专业化的中国出口价值份额分析

2008年全球金融危机使中国出口增速放缓,也给中国提升出口贸易的质量效益带来了机会。利用2007年和2010年中国30省区市区域间投入产出表计算了中国和省域以及国外在中国出口中分享的单位出口价值份额。研究结果发现,金融危机后在中国单位出口中,全国分享的经济收益整体有所提升,进一步从省域格局来看,分享中国单位出口经济收益较高的省域主要分布在东部沿海地区,而从出口部门来看,全国带有技术含量的制造业分享的经济收益在2007~2010年增长最多,而依赖资源和劳动力投入的低端产品制造分享的经济收益下降最多,沿海出口大省仍然是分享制造业出口价值份额最主要的地区,地理区位依旧是出口贸易最有利的条件之一。尽快淘汰落后产能,推动产业升级转型,加大科技含量,才能促使“中国制造”尽快完成向“中国智造”转变。