北京地区臭氧垂直分布的演变趋势与特征的研究——卫星SBUV资料与地面遥感对比分析

利用地面遥感O₃垂直分布的逆转方法〈C〉测量出的北京上空O₃剖面资料,对雨云7号卫星的SBUV系统测量的同地区的O₃垂直分布数据进行了订正.对订正后的长达8年（1979-1986年）的完整的SBUV资料进行了较为仔细的分析,得出了这一时期内的O₃垂直分布长期演变呈下降趋势.并在上层O₃含量的季节变化特征和周期振荡等方面,有新的发现,得出一些有意义的结果.     

The abnormal mantle and deep tectonic process in the southern region of North China Plain

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垂向电导度的测量及在水位异常判别中的作用

为剖析咸水进水位异常，我们对位于唐山地震区附近的双桥１号井，双桥２号井及东台子井进行了多次井内垂向电导度的测量。在１９９１年１０月５日宁河ＭＬ４．６级地震及１９９２年７月２２日宁河ＭＬ４．９级地震前井下水电导度特别是含水层部位水电导度都曾出现过高值异常，这对于判别不异常是由于咸水层压力变化还是外来水的侵入是一种行之有效的简便的监测方法。     

苏北平原井下摆观测效果的讨论

文章以江苏省大丰台、盐城台、淮阴台、海安台，射阳台井下摆观测为例。比较它们的观测结果，分析认为井下摆的观测效果不仅与地面复盖层的厚度有关，而且与井下摆周围的环境干扰，观测用井的质量有关。为了提高井下摆观测效果，应尽量减少环境干扰，并注意井的垂直度和固井，文章还指出，沿海地区井下摆受海浪干扰相当显著的。     

油气垂向运移的形迹

油气由于地下的压力差、浓度差和比重差等因素,使烃类运移到地表。常见的油气苗是烃类渗漏的宏观标志,但更为普遍存在于地表的烃类渗漏是微观标志,它需要用精密的仪器才能检测出来。琼斯（1975年）发现近地表土壤气同地下储层气以及钻孔中遇到的显示气,在化学成份上十分一致。言文伯等（1990年）发现油气藏紫外吸收值,油浸岩的数值最高,其次是油层上方沉积岩,再则是油田上方土壤,而非油田上方土壤紫外吸收值最低。井中化探的烃类指标浓度或相对强度,从油气层至地表是递减的,为油气垂向运移的形迹提供了直观依据。     

大地电磁二维层状模型参数化反演

本文针对目前二维反演存在求解参数过多和求其偏导数困难的两个问题，在近年来关于连续介质二维大地电磁测深资料快速反演的理论基础上，对二维层状模型反演的目标函数，进行线性近似，采用加权法来近似计算二维模型参数的偏导数。从而实现比较快速的二维层状模型的参数化反演。理论模型的反演试验表明，反演迭代可以较快地以足够的精度拟合视电阻率和相位资料，并收敛接近理论模型。     

Prediction of the abiotic degradability of organic compounds in the troposphere

A statistically relevant correlation between the reaction rate coefficient, k _OH, for the OH radical reaction with 161 organic compounds in the gas phase at 300 K, and the corresponding vertical ionisation energies E _i,v, reveals two classes of compounds: aromatics where –log(k _OH/cm³s^-1)3/2E _i,v(eV)–2 and aliphatics where –log(k _OH/cm³s^-1)4/5E _i,v(eV)+3. The prediction of the rate coefficient, k _OH, for the reaction of OH with organic molecules from the above equations has a probability of about 90%. Assuming a global diurnal mean of the OH radical concentration of 5×10⁵ cm³, the upper limit of the tropospheric half-life of organic compounds and their persistence can be estimated.     

Tropospheric methane in the mid-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere

Results of more than 800 new measurements of methane (CH₄) concentrations in the Southern Hemisphere troposphere (34–41° S, 130–150° E) are reported. These were obtained between September 1980 and March 1983 from the surface at Cape Grim, Tasmania, through the middle (3.5–5.5 km) to the upper troposphere (7–10 km). The concentration of CH₄ increased throughout the entire troposphere over the measurement period, adding further support to the view that CH₄ concentrations are currently increasing on a global scale. For data averaged vertically through the troposphere the rate of increase found was 20 ppbv/yr or 1.3%/yr at December 1981. In the surface CH₄ data a seasonal cycle with a peak to peak amplitude of approximately 28 ppbv is seen, with the minimum concentration occurring in March and the maximum in September–October. A cycle with the same phase as that seen at the surface, but with a significantly decreased amplitude, is apparent in the mid troposphere but no cycle is detected in the upper tropospheric data. The phase and amplitude of the cycle are qualitatively in agreement with the concept that the major sink for methane is oxidation by hydroxyl radicals. Also presented is evidence of a positive vertical gradient in methane, with a suggestion that the magnitude of this gradient has changed over the period of measurements.     

The global distribution of methane in the troposphere

Methane has been measured in air samples collected at approximately weekly intervals at 23 globally distributed sites in the NOAA/GMCC cooperative flask sampling network. Sites range in latitude from 90° S to 76° N, and at most of these we report 2 years of data beginning in early 1983. All measurements have been made by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector at the NOAA/GMCC laboratory in Boulder, Colorado. All air samples have been referenced to a single secondary standard of methane-in-air, ensuring a high degree of internal consistency in the data. The precision of measurements is estimated from replicate determinations on each sample as 0.2%. The latitudinal distribution of methane and the seasonal variation of this distribution in the marine boundary layer has been defined in great detail, including a remarkable uniformity in background levels of methane in the Southern Hemisphere. We report for the first time the observation of a complete seasonal cycle of methane at the South Pole. A significant vertical gradient is observed between a sea level and a high altitude site in Hawaii. Globally averaged background concentrations in the marine boundary layer have been calculated for the 2 year-period May 1983–April 1985 inclusive, from which we find an average increase of 12.8 ppb per year, or 0.78% per year when referenced to the globally averaged concentration (1625 ppb) at the mid-point of this period. We present evidence that there has been a slowing down in the methane growth rate.Presented at the Conference on the Scientific Application of Baseline Observations of Atmospheric Composition (SABOAC), Aspendale, Australia, 7–9 November 1984.     

A second derivative method of resistivity sounding

The second vertical derivatives of gravity and magnetic potential are widely used in geophysical prospecting because of their better resolution. On the same basis an attempt has been made to obtain the expressions for the second vertical derivative of the electrical potential and to compute its nature for comparison. Derivative responses over a two-layered earth and also over an anticlinal structure have been computed and it is shown that the second vertical derivative sounding could be employed for greater accuracy in finding out the thickness of such beds or the inclination of the sides of the anticline and its depth when compared with normal resistivity sounding