风电场风资源测量与计算的精度控制

根据多个复杂地形风电场观测操作实践和大量观测数据的计算分析,提出了对观测数据和计算质量精度控制的主要措施,包括:复杂地形测风站布设的5个原则,仪器的合理选型和设置;对由于测风仪固有的系统误差和缺测数据的插补订正可能引起的计算误差进行了定量估算,通过对大量实测数据的对比计算显示:①目前普遍采用的进口风速计的相对偏差在1.6%～5.25%之间,由此可导致轮毂高度附近的年平均风功率密度误差在5%以上,最大达13.8%;②在季风气候区、复杂地形和风的年变率较大的地区,进行缺测数据插补订正时,应选取同季或同一主导风向的数据作为插补订正的基础数据,否则可能导致其平均风功率密度相对误差达20%～50%.     

京津冀地区霾成因机制研究进展与展望

为满足当前对京津冀地区霾研究和控制的迫切要求,本文梳理了近年来京津冀地区霾的长期变化特征、天气学特征、污染物来源等相关研究成果,发现:从2000年以后,京津冀地区的霾日数呈现出了下降趋势;北京细颗粒物(PM2.5)质量浓度也在总体上呈现下降的趋势,但2013年年均质量浓度仍高达89.5μg m–3,约为我国空气质量标准的3倍(35μg m–3),京津冀空气污染的形势依然严峻;近年来京津冀地区的霾污染事件频发可以归因为不利天气条件与大量污染物人为排放的共同作用;大量的研究表明,区域输送对京津冀地区霾事件的形成和维持有不可忽视的影响;京津冀地区的大气污染不再局限于一时一地,针对重污染天气的预警以及应急控制应该以区域预报为基础实现区域联动;京津冀地区独特的地理环境条件加上城市群的快速发展,形成的局地大气环流也会对局地的污染过程产生重大的影响;大气边界层内气象要素的变化对重污染发生具有显著贡献。京津冀地区的污染控制需要城市群的联动应对治理。     

LASG/IAP和BCC大气环流模式模拟的云辐射强迫之比较

通过与ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project)逐月辐射资料的比较,本文从气候态和对ENSO响应的角度,评估了国内的三个大气环流模式BCC AGCM、IAP GAMIL和IAP SAMIL对云辐射强迫的模拟能力,讨论了影响模拟结果不确定性的因素.分...     

长度检定场设计及控制测量

长度检定场是电磁波测距仪量值传递的主要标准,主要用于各等级电磁波测距仪的常数测定,本文根据相关的测量规范,就建场设计及其控制测量中一些技术问题作了一些分析和探讨.     

Application of Greek lignite as an additive for controlling rheological and filtration properties of water–bentonite suspensions at high temperatures: A review

This review paper presents the results of an extensive study investigating whether addition of 3% w/w Greek lignite to 6.42% w/w water–bentonite suspensions, after being exposed to high temperatures, can prevent gelation and control filtration characteristics. Two different bentonites and eight lignites from different Greek basins have been used while a commercial lignite product has been used as standard. The lignite-free bentonite suspensions heated to 177 °C for 16 h (thermal aging) thicken considerably, increasing the yield stress and the yield point. Fluid consistency and flow behavior indices also change while no significant change is observed for plastic viscosity. Thermal aging of the suspensions results in unacceptably high fluid loss values.Addition of Greek lignite to water–bentonite suspensions, followed by thermal aging, provided the rheological stability of the suspensions by maintaining the low yield stress/point regardless of the type of bentonite. Some of the lignites performed as well as their commercial counterpart. No specific trends for rheological improvement have been identified with respect to various characteristics of lignites such as contents of humic, fulvic acids, humins and other parameters such as specific surface area and cation exchange capacity.Furthermore, addition of lignite in most cases provided very good filtration control of the water–bentonite suspensions after exposure to 177 °C, with some Greek lignites being superior to the commercial product. The same lignite parameters examined for rheological control, were also examined to determine their effect on fluid loss of these suspensions for both bentonites. The content of humic and fulvic acids of two groups of lignites showed weak inverse correlations with the fluid loss volumes for both bentonites, while all other parameters did not seem to directly correlate with the effectiveness of the lignites.     

Rejection of arsenic minerals in sulfide flotation — A literature review

Arsenic is one of the most dangerous inorganic pollutants and thus a penalty element in many base metal concentrates. Arsenic removal in sulphide flotation has been studied extensively with various approaches, including pre-oxidation of flotation pulp, E_h control during flotation and the use of selective depressants/collectors. Pre-oxidation of flotation pulp using oxidizing agents or aeration conditioning represents a simple approach in arsenic removal and was found effective in many cases. Selective flotation of arsenic minerals through E_h control has made significant advances in recent years with promising results achieved. In addition, various depressants and collectors have also been studied in arsenic removal. In this communication, the various approaches used in selective flotation of arsenic minerals are reviewed with emphasis on the development in recent years.     

新疆晚古生代裂谷中同生断裂的控矿问题

新疆晚古生代裂谷中同生断裂具有明显的控矿作用,体现出"三同一体"和多组断裂构造交会的区域构造特征.以构造的不同级别、期次,对矿带、矿田、矿床予以控制,在构造交会和构造复合地段使矿田或矿床就位.由于构造的近等距性发育,从而制约矿田或矿床的近等距分布,更由于裂谷同生断裂的多次开合和地质动力性质转换,形成了多层次、多形式、多矿种、多类型、且具有矿种分带性的综合矿产链.     

贵州后槽铝土矿古岩溶地貌控矿作用及找矿意义

后槽铝土矿区位于黔中遵义铝土矿带中部,受NE向岩溶盆地控制,发育众多形态各异的中、小型的溶洼、溶坑和溶沟,在这些溶蚀洼地中,沉积了下石炭统九架炉组含铝岩系.文章通过对后槽地区354个钻探工程揭露的含铝岩系厚度、矿体厚度及化学成分的系统统计分析,研究了该区岩溶古地貌特征及其控矿作用,并进行找矿靶区预测.研究结果表明,后槽...     

道路工程平面坐标系的统一性理论研究

传统上道路工程勘测、设计、施工各单位统一采用以初测导线点处垂线为基准线、水准面为基准面的,把各相邻测站处局部水准面相连拼接成一个统一带状的平面坐标系统（定义为道路工程渐变平面坐标系）。本文提出顾及地球重力场模型,用GPS直接建立垂线和水准面系统的道路工程渐变平面坐标系的解决方案,从理论上统一了勘测坐标系（GPS平面坐标系）和设计、施工坐标系（道路工程渐变平面坐标系）,消除了其间存在的系统误差。     

昆虫雷达：从研究型到实用型

ZLC制式的问世使雷达昆虫学的发展方向出现重大转折，往常对昆虫迁出活动的短期，集中的观测将被对迁入事件的长期监测所取代，全自动运行，雷达信号的即时分析与处理使得迁飞性害早的灾变预警可望实现，简要述评了ZLC制式雷达的特性及其在中国的应用前景。