盛源盆地铀成矿特征与成矿模式

盛源盆地是我国一个重要产铀盆地,具深源地质作用和深源成矿特点,３个火山岩型铀矿床有３种矿石类型,即Ｕ－赤铁矿型,Ｕ－胶磷矿型和Ｕ－萤石型,前二者属火山沉积型铀矿化,后者是火山期后火山热液作用的产物,ＥＷ向断裂是主要控矿因素,成矿物质有壳源,也有慢源,铀成矿与地幔流体作用密切相关。     

Geochemical and isotopic evidence for a magmatic-hydrothermal origin of the polymetallic vein-type Zn-Pb deposits in the northwest margin of Jiangnan Orogen,South China

Polymetallic vein-type Zn-Pb deposits are located in the Xiangxi–Qiandong zinc-lead metallogenic belt (XQMB) of the northwestern margin of the Jiangnan Orogen, South China. Ores are mainly found in fault-bounded quartz veins hosted in the upper part of the Banxi Group that consists of low-grade metamorphic sandstone, siltstone with minor tuff interbeds. The Zn-Pb deposits primarily contain sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite and pyrite, accompanied by quartz and minor calcite. Zinc, lead, copper, indium and gallium are enriched in these ores. Investigation of the ore fluid reveals low temperature (87–262 °C) with scattered salinity (range from 2.73 to 26.64 wt% NaCl_eqv.). Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of fluid inclusions in quartz indicate mixing of magmatic hydrothermal fluid and meteoric water (δ¹⁸O_{H2O SMOW} = 0.2‰ to 4.2‰; δD_{H2O SMOW} = −126‰ to −80‰). Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of carbonate samples indicate the magmatic hydrothermal origin of CO₃²⁻ or CO₂ in ore-forming fluid (δ¹³C_PDB = −6.9‰ to −5.7‰, δ¹⁸O_SMOW = 11.3‰ to 12.7‰). Sulfur and lead isotopic compositions (δ³⁴S_VCDT = 8.8–14.2‰ and ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 17.156–17.209, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.532–15.508, ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 37.282–37.546) demonstrate that sulfur sources were relatively uniform, and low radiogenic lead isotopic compositions indicate that ore metals were derived from a relatively unradiogenic source, probably by mixing of mantle with crust. Therefore, polymetallic vein-type Zn-Pb mineralization in this area probably arose from a magmatic-related hydrothermal system, and the deposition of sulfides occurred in response to cooling and boiling of magmatic hydrothermal fluids (high salinity, high δ¹⁸O_H2O and δD_H2O and metal-bearing), and is mainly the result of emplacement into open space and mixing with meteoric water (low salinity, low δ¹⁸O_H2O and δD_H2O). This study provides direct evidence that magmatism was involved in the ore-forming processes of the low temperature metallogenic district, South China, and it raises awareness about the presence of polymetallic vein-type Zn-Pb deposits in the northwest margin of Jiangnan Orogen and their potential as a source of zinc, copper, indium and gallium.     

甘蒙北山北带古生代地壳演化与成矿作用

北山北带古生代期间先后经历了两期板块构造体制和两次主要的造山作用。早古生代以沙泉子—明水—小黄山蛇绿岩带洋壳残片,显示俯冲带的存在,早泥盆世闭合、碰撞造山,这是早期板块体制。与此同时形成了一系列的金属矿床（点）,比如方山口、双鹰山和塔水等钒—磷—铀或磷矿床（点）,白云山—东七一山火山热液—沉积型的铜铁矿床（点）,公婆泉...     

New Evidence for Genesis of the Zoige Carbonate-Siliceous-Pelitic Rock Type Uranium Deposit in Southern Qinling: Discovery and Significance of the 64 Ma Intrusions

The carbonaceous-siliceous-argillitic rock type uranium deposit in the Zoige area is located in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, and has gained much attention of many geologists and ore deposit experts due to its scale, high grade and abundant associated ores. Because of the insufficient reliable dating of intrusive rocks, the relationship between mineralization and the magmatic activities is still unknown. In order to study this key scientific issue and the ore-forming processes of the Zoige uranium ore field, the LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of magmatic rocks was obtained:64.08±0.59 Ma for the granite-prophyry and ~200 Ma for the dolerite. U-Pb dating results of uraninite from the Zoige uranium ore field are mainly concentrated on ~90 Ma and ~60 Ma. According to LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating, the ages for the dolerite, porphyry granite and granodiorite are 200 Ma, 64.08 Ma approximately and 226.5-200.88 Ma, respectively. This indicates that the mineralization has close relationship with activities of the intermediate-acidic magma. The ages of the granite porphyry are consistent with those uraninite U-Pb dating results achieved by previous studies, which reflects the magmatic and ore-forming event during the later Yanshanian. Based on the data from previous researches, the ore bodies in the Zoige uranium ore field can be divided into two categories:the single uranium type and the uranium with polymetal mineralization type. The former formed at late Cretaceous(about 90 Ma), while the latter, closely related to the granite porphyry, formed at early Paleogene(about 60 Ma). And apart from ore forming elemental uranium, the latter is often associated with polymetallic elements, such as molybdenum, nickel, zinc, etc.     

西藏玉龙铜矿床成矿斑岩的厘定及地质意义

位于青藏高原东缘的玉龙铜矿是我国最大的斑岩铜矿之一,其形成一致认为与矿区中心产出的二长花岗质复式斑岩体有关,但成矿与复式岩体的确切关系并不清楚。本文通过详细的野外地质填图,特别是矿床8号勘探线12个钻孔的重新编录,在复式岩体中识别出一套花岗斑岩岩枝,岩枝中不规则状石英-钾长石脉广泛发育,同时还见有单向固结结构、粗晶及细晶结构,这些特征表明该岩浆中的流体曾经发生过饱和。同时结合矿床高品位(0.6%,质量分数)铜矿化紧密围绕花岗斑岩分布、含矿脉体自花岗斑岩向外围逐渐由高温石英-钾长石A脉过渡为中低温石英-硫化物脉、热液蚀变自花岗斑岩向外由高温钾硅酸盐化过渡为中低温石英-绢云母化的规律,最终确定这套花岗斑岩为玉龙矿床的成矿斑岩。玉龙铜矿成矿斑岩的厘定,较好地解释了矿床矿化类型及金属的分布规律,为进一步深入理解矿床形成过程提供了帮助。     

广东大降坪硫(铅锌)矿床岩浆热液叠加作用——来自闪锌矿Rb-Sr年龄及硫同位素的证据

广东大降坪硫(铅锌)矿床位于与岩浆作用有关的大绀山多金属矿田的中部,主矿体为赋存在震旦纪变质岩中的层状、透镜状黄铁矿矿体,最近在两个不同产状的黄铁矿矿体下部又新发现了脉状及层状铅锌矿体。文章通过对铅锌矿体的年龄及硫同位素研究,探讨其与主矿体的成因关系,获得了脉状铅锌矿体中闪锌矿的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为(88.5±3.9)Ma,即晚白垩世,与上部黄铁矿矿体的年龄(约630 Ma)相差较大,而与整个大绀山多金属矿田的成矿作用时限一致。三种不同产状的矿体硫同位素组成差异明显:层状黄铁矿矿体富集硫的轻同位素(δ34S=-10.90‰~-25.55‰),且与围岩的硫同位素范围一致,说明硫来自生物的细菌还原硫;透镜状黄铁矿矿体δ34S组成范围较宽(-9.38‰~22.69‰),具多源性硫的特征;铅锌矿体的δ34S在-7.1‰~6.4‰之间变化,硫可能来自深源岩浆,并受围岩成分混染。多方面的证据表明,大降坪黄铁矿矿体下部的铅锌矿体形成于晚白垩世的岩浆热液成矿作用,透镜状黄铁矿矿体受到岩浆热液的叠加。     

区域矿产评价模型——以赤峰红花沟金矿为例

在矿床模型综合地质信息预测方法中,区域矿产评价模型包括远景区圈定要素组合、远景区优选要素组合、矿床数估计要素组合和资源量估算要素组合,它们成功地解决了矿产预测中的信息不对称以及知识驱动和数据驱动相结合的问题.通过对赤峰燕山期红花沟式岩浆热液型金矿资源的定位、定量预测,共圈定远景区11个,其中A类远景区4个,B类远景区3个,C类远景区4个;预测潜在矿床数8个,潜在资源量306.532 t.本区该类型金矿资源潜力巨大,具有很好的找矿远景.     

内蒙古二连盆地中部古河道型铀矿床中烃类流体特征与铀成矿关系

通过对二连盆地中部下白垩统赛汉组上段古河道型铀矿床砂岩中的酸解烃特征进行分析,探讨了酸解烃中烃类气体组成特征、成因及来源,并结合该区铀矿分布富集的地质特征初步探讨了该区油气与砂岩型铀成矿关系。结果表明,赛汉组上段古河道砂体中CH_4及C_2~+含量与铀含量呈正比,且在氧化带、氧化还原过渡带和还原带内烃类含量具明显的分带性。酸解烃气体组成特征参数C_1/ΣC、C_1/C_2+、C_2/iC_4、C_2/C_3、iC_4/nC_4、iC_5/nC_5、ln(C_1/C_2)、ln(C_2/C_3)表明,研究区赛汉组上段古河道砂体中的烃类气为有机成因的油型气,烃类气主要处于成熟-高成熟阶段,主要为原油伴生气和原油裂解气。根据研究区烃源岩地球化学特征及生排烃史分析认为,该区下白垩统赛汉组上段古河道型铀矿床中烃类气主要来源于下白垩统阿尔善组(K_1ba)湖相腐泥型或偏腐泥型烃源岩,其次为腾一段(K_1bt~1)低熟-成熟阶段的湖相烃源岩。研究区深大断裂、不整合面、主砂体或裂隙是该区深部油气向上逸散的主要通道,深大断裂及不整合面附近应是该区砂岩型铀矿找矿的重点方向;油气在该区古河道砂岩型铀成矿作用过程中具有吸附作用、还原作用和保矿作用,区内砂岩型铀成矿期次、油气聚散史明显受控于晚白垩世末—古新世期的反转构造作用。     

吉林省新华龙钼矿床流体包裹体

新华龙钼矿床位于中国东北地区吉林省东部,是一个新发现的斑岩型钼矿床。矿床产于花岗闪长斑岩中。矿床成矿阶段包括石英-浸染状辉钼矿、石英-网脉状辉钼矿、石英-黄铁矿-黄铜矿、石英-多金属硫化物和石英-碳酸盐化5个阶段。流体包裹体实验结果表明：流体包裹体的类型主要为气液两相包裹体,其次为纯气相和纯液相包裹体,还有少量含子矿物的多相包裹体。流体包裹体的均一温度为172～385 ℃,盐度(w(NaCl))为8.51%～45.44%。从早阶段到晚阶段成矿流体温度具有规律的演化,均一温度分别为360～390 ℃、270～350 ℃、250～260 ℃、220～230 ℃、170～190 ℃。其中:含子矿物多相包裹体均一温度为272～385 ℃,盐度为35.79％～45.44％,密度为1.07～1.08 g/cm³;气液两相包裹体均一温度为172～381 ℃,盐度为8.51％～23.36％,密度为0.70～0.99 g/cm³。激光拉曼光谱分析表明,包裹体的气体成分主要为CO₂、H₂O、N₂和CH₄。包裹体岩相学及测温表明,流体由早期的高温、高盐度、含二氧化碳的含矿流体在主成矿阶段发生流体包裹体的沸腾、CO₂逸出、温度降低等过程,导致大量金属硫化物沉淀。结合氢氧同位素特征,初步确定该矿床的成矿流体主要以岩浆水为主,后期有大气水的加入。流体沸腾是新华龙钼矿床成矿的重要机制。     

新疆阿勒泰市阿巴宫铁矿磷灰石微量和稀土元素特征及矿床成因探讨

阿巴宫铁矿床产于阿尔泰南缘晚志留世-早泥盆世的酸性火山岩中.矿体呈透镜状、脉状及似层状,受火山断裂构造控制,与围岩界线清楚;围岩蚀变不很发育,矿石品位较高;磷灰石与磁铁矿共生.其特征可以与瑞典北部Kiruna型铁矿床、宁芜玢岩铁矿床等进行对比.对阿巴宫铁矿床两个不同矿区磷灰石的稀土元素及微量元素组成的分析结果表明,磷灰石中∑REE变化于1352.96×10-6～6986.33×10-6之间,平均值为3717.70×10-6; (La/Yb)N比值变化于1.37～9.77之间,平均值5.22;δEu范围在0.22～0.30之间,平均值0.25;以轻稀土元素富集、轻重稀土元素分馏较弱和Eu的显著负异常为特征,与瑞典北部Kiruna型铁矿床、宁芜玢岩铁矿床相一致,表明阿巴宫铁矿床与上述铁矿床成因相同,均属岩浆分异成因.变质流纹岩稀土元素分布曲线形态与磷灰石的非常相似,微量元素特征也基本一致,表明铁的成矿作用与花岗质岩浆的分异-矿浆侵入有关. 