Nouvelles données sur le téphra de Sarliève et le téphra CF7, marqueurs chrono-stratigraphiques de Grande Limagne (Massif central,France)

A trachytic tephra, discovered in the ancient lake of Sarliève, ‘Grande Limagne’, has been dated using the thermoluminescence technique. The obtained age, 16±4 ka ($\text{2}\text{σ}$), is older than that of the trachytic volcanoes of the Cha??ne des Puys, the ashes of which have already been locally recognised in the region. Its analysis confirms its originality. In the course of the comparisons made to search for its spring, it appears that the wide-dispersion tephra CF7, beforehand correlated by hypothesis to the Puy de Clierzou, probably originates from the Kilian crater or the Puy de Vasset. To cite this article: D. Miallier et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).     

Effects of the number of stations and time resolution on derivation

For at least 30 years now it has been well known that the Dst index can be modelled using the solar wind as input. Since then, many attempts have been made to improve the predictability of Dst using different approaches. These attempts are useful, for instance, to understand which features of the solar wind–magnetosphere interactions are most important in producing magnetospheric activity and how the Dst index would improve the space weather forecast. The Dst index is by far the most reliable and simple indication that a magnetic storm is in progress. In this work, the effect of using more than four magnetic stations and shorter time intervals than the hourly averages used in Sugiura's procedures is evaluated. The discussion is based on the results presented by Burton in 1975 and Feldstein in 1984 considering 4 or 12 magnetic stations and time averages of 2.5 min for a magnetic disturbed period that occurred from February 7–28, 1967, including two geomagnetic storms. The analysis has shown that the global representation of a magnetic storm by the standard Dst (Sugiura) is well preserved either using 4, 6, 12 magnetic stations or using 1 h, 2.5 min 1 min averages. A brief review of the current understanding of Dst has been included to support the discussions. The analysis performed has shown that a more refined Dst index (time and number of stations>4) would be useful to investigate the intrinsic processes and the different current systems involved in the ring current development during magnetic storms; the standard Dst, as it is conceived, is quite adequate to monitor geomagnetic storms and identify their overall features; concerning the magnetic stations normally considered, the inclusion of higher magnetic latitude stations (>35) may underestimate the observed Dst.     

Relationship of topography to surface water chemistry with particular focus on nitrogen and organic carbon solutes within a forested watershed in Hokkaido,Japan

We studied the relationships between streamwater chemistry and the topography of subcatchments in the Dorokawa watershed in Hokkaido Island, northern Japan, to examine the use of topography as a predictor of streamwater chemistry in a watershed with relatively moderate terrain compared with other regions of Japan. Topographic characteristics of the Dorokawa watershed and its subcatchments were expressed as topographic index (TI) values, which ranged from 4·5 to 20·4 for individual grid cells (50 × 50 m²), but averaged from 6·4 to 7·4 for the 20 subcatchments. Streamwater samples for chemical analyses were collected four times between June and October 2002 from 20 locations in the watershed. The pH of water that passed through the watershed increased from ～5·0 to 7·0, with major increases in Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ and marked decreases in NO₃^? and SO . Distinctive spatial patterns were observed for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and NO₃^? concentrations of streamwater across the watershed. Statistical analyses indicated significant linear relationships between the average TI values of subcatchments and DOC, DON, and NO₃^? concentrations. Furthermore, the proportion of DOC in streamwaters in the wet season increased with TI values relative to other nitrogen species, whereas NO₃^? concentrations decreased with TI. The gradients of soil wetness and the presence of wetlands explained many of the observed spatial and temporal patterns of DOC, DON, and NO₃^? concentrations in the surface waters of the Dorokawa watershed. Our results suggest that the TI is especially useful for predicting the spatial distribution of DOC, DON and NO₃^? in the surface waters of Hokkaido, where topographical relief is moderate and wetlands more common than in other regions of Japan. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

利用DRASTIC指标体系评价安徽省淮北平原浅层地下水脆弱性

依据美国DRASTIC指标体系的基本框架,充分吸收欧洲及国内有关地区的研究成果,结合安徽省淮北平原的实际情况,以MAPGIS和ACCESS为平台,评价了浅层地下水的脆弱性。在评价指标选择、指标等级评分和指数分级等方面进行了探索,使之更符合淮北平原的实际情况,更具操作性,为今后开展全省地下水脆弱性评价积累了经验。     

石漠化程度遥感信息提取方法研究

岩溶石漠化是中国西南地区的一种严重的生态环境问题。近年来有进一步恶化的趋势。本文以贵州省普定县典型研究区IKONOS遥感数据为例,给出了一种利用多光谱遥感数据定量提取岩溶石漠化程度信息的算法。在多维光谱的向量空间分析的基础上,提出了“植被线”的概念,并定义“石漠化几何指数”（GRI）为多维向量空间中不同程度的石漠化像元到“植被线”的归一化距离。作者认为使用这种方法提取石漠化程度,可以避免人工解译的主观性强,工作量大的缺点。使提取到的石漠化程度结果客观稳定。     

一种改进的等高线断点连接方法

介绍了几种现有的等高线断点连接方法,并在最小点对法的基础上提出了一种改进的断点连接方法。此方法在判断断点间距离大小之前先对等高线进行预处理,即将各条目标等高线自动赋予不同的颜色值,然后将图幅进行格网划分,在不同网格内搜索断点,根据颜色的差异及距离的远近自动进行等高线连接。此方法连接的准确率高于一般的断点连接方法。     

基于3D+-TPR-tree的点目标全时段移动索引设计

在经典3D R-tree基础上提出新的3D R-tree索引,通过改变待索引数据项的结构并重新设计查询处理算法,减少包容矩形死区,提高查询效率;为了满足全时段查询要求,设计一种称为3D -TPR-tree的联合索引结构,并对其中TPR-tree的参数包容矩形的调整算法进行优化。通过测试,证明3D R-tree的查询效率明显高于普通3D R-tree;此外,测试结果也表明经过优化的参数包容矩形的调整算法也部分提升了TPR-tree的查询性能。     

一种面向道路网3维数据的空间索引方法

根据数据沿道路呈线性分布,道路相互连通的特点,提出连通拓扑和动态分段相结合的混合索引机制,分两步来实现查询过程:第一步通过连通索引来进行粗略查询;第二步根据粗略查询结果,利用动态分段索引完成精确查询。以此建立的道路网及沿线3维数据的空间索引具有很高的查询速度,能确保数据的快速动态装载,可满足道路网3维可视化的要求。最后通过实验对算法进行实现,并在空间效率和时间效率上与R树索引进行了比较。     

淮河流域5～6月降水的年际及年代际变化

对淮河流域降水异常进行分析对于预测黄海绿潮具有重要意义。选取淮河流域10个站,长江流域15个站,通过对国家气象信息中心1951~2011年的逐月降水数据进行分析,研究淮河流域和长江流域5~6月平均降水异常。2000~2010年,淮河流域5~6月降水呈现增加趋势,与长江流域降水呈反位相变化。分别对淮河流域5~6月平均降水异常与印度洋偶极子指数(Dipole Mode Index,DMI),以及太平洋年代际振荡(the Pacific Decadal Oscillation,PDO)指数做相关性分析,结果表明:淮河流域5~6月平均降水异常与6个月前的DMI指数达到最大正相关,与20个月前的北太平洋(20°N以北)SST呈现明显的负相关,与PDO指数达到最大负相关。这表明,PDO、DMI指数对淮河流域5~6月降水异常的年代际、年际变化具有明显的指示作用。     

基于SQL Server Spatial的空间数据的组织与查询

论述了SQL Server Spatial技术理论,探讨了空间数据导入、索引的创建以及空间数据的查询方法。并以3维激光扫描获取的点云数据为例,采用C#连接SQL Server数据库,对点云数据进行了组织及查询,并在MapOb-ject组件下进行可视化。试验证明,建立空间索引后点云数据的检索效率较高。