广饶县蔬菜基地生态地质环境研究

为了解广饶县蔬菜基地生态地质环境质量,通过对水、土环境质量现状进行调查,重点研究了四大蔬菜基地的生态地质环境特征,结果表明四大蔬菜基地生态环境质量相对较好,蔬菜质量也达到无公害标准。发现在花官乡及稻庄镇存在土壤硒元素富集区,大蒜及芹菜中硒元素含量也较高,对引导当地绿色高效生态农业发展具有重大意义。     

南方某工业区周边土壤和蔬菜中铅的健康风险评估

在南方某城市工业区周边采集了蔬菜样品100个、土壤样品145个,分析了土壤和蔬菜中铅的含量水平,对其健康风险进行了评估;并通过计算富集系数筛选出抗铅污染能力较强的蔬菜品种。研究区土壤中铅累积明显,共有135个土壤样品中的铅含量超过了二级土壤环境质量标准。蔬菜样品中铅含量范围为1.41～303.10mg·kg-1,均超过食品中污染物限量标准,超标率达到100%。其中,叶类蔬菜的铅含量明显高于根茎类和瓜果类蔬菜;瓜果类蔬菜的铅富集系数最低,抗污染能力最强,而根茎类和叶类蔬菜对人群健康存在严重的健康风险。     

塔里木盆地一类新海相原油的地球化学特征

对塔中52等井奥陶系储层产出的原油进行的分析结果表明,它们的三环萜烷系列较为特殊,主要表现为其相对丰度呈C19>C20>C21>C23>C24>C25>C26阶梯状的模式,C24四环萜烷异常丰富,且其丰度远高于C26三环萜烷,这一分布模式一般出现在淡水沼泽相和浅湖相沉积地层与原油中。在三萜烷分布特征上,其伽马蜡烷含量很低,甾烷系列和藿烷系列的分布与组成特征与该地区来源于中上奥陶统烃源岩的海相原油十分接近,同时它们的全油均具有轻的碳同位素组成,其δ13Ｃ值都小于-30‰,具有海相成因原油的特征。而塔中12井上奥陶统良里塔格组4-5段烃源岩中生物标志物的分析结果进一步证实了该类原油与那些富含宏观藻残片,且有机质类型偏腐殖型的上奥陶统海相烃源岩关系密切,是该地区油气勘探中值得关注的对象。      

典型冰冻圈地区植被变化对人类活动的响应研究 ——以祁连山为例

在全球气候变化、种植业结构调整等背景下,亟需对祁连山区的植被展开长期有效的监测和持续研究。基于2000-2017年分辨率为250 m的MODIS数据,采用Mann-Kendall时间序列非参数估计模型、相关分析等方法,分析了祁连山区生长季NDVI与植被盖度的时空变化特征及其与气候因子的相关性,并从正反两方面就人类活动对对植被的影响做了讨论,得出结论如下：（1）从东向西祁连山年平均NDVI整体上逐渐减小,NDVI随海拔升高呈先增大后减小的特征,NDVI最大的区域分布在海拔2 700~2 900 m的范围内;（2）祁连山区域内NDVI显著减小的区域占祁连山总面积的0.6%,而显著增加的区域占总面积的33.6%,植被呈现出整体向好,局部退化的趋势;（3）2000-2017年,林地、草地和其他土地利用区的植被盖度分别以0.0029、0.0026和0.0004的速率增加,工矿用地的覆盖度以0.0112的速率在减少,反映出工矿业开发活动是造成植被盖度下降的主要因子;（4）植树造林区植被NDVI以0.0455的速度增加,而工程实施和矿产开发区NDVI以0.0125速度降低,表明人类活动是导致植被群落变化的主要因素之一。     

Geochemistry and charge history of oils from the Yuqi area of Tarim Basin,NW China

The geochemistry, origin and charge history of oils from the Yuqi area of Tarim Basin have been investigated, through GC, GC-MS and fluid inclusion microthermometry analysis. The Yuqi oils accumulated mainly in three intervals: (1) in the Lower-Middle Ordovician Yingshan Formation (O_1-2y) carbonate reservoirs; (2) in the overlying Upper Triassic Halahatang Formation (T₃h); and (3) in the Lower Cretaceous Yageliemu Formation (K₁y) sandstones. Oils from different reservoirs have distinct physical properties, varying from extra-heavy (O_1-2y), heavy (T₃h), to light oils (T₃h and K₁y). However, their geochemical compositions show a high degree of similarity, which indicates that they derive from the same source rock. Abundant tricyclic terpanes, gammacerane, dibenzothiophene and C₂₁C₂₂steranes, together with a low level of diasteranes, indicate an anoxic marine source rock for oils in the Yuqi area. Oil-oil correlation shows that Yuqi oils derive from the same source bed as Tahe oils. The co-occurrence of intact n-alkanes and 25-norhopanes in all the samples supports the proposition that there is a mixture of an early filled severely biodegraded oil and a late filled fresh oil.In this study, charge history is examined on the basis of integration of fluid inclusion homogenization temperature data with 1D burial-thermal history models. Two episodes of oil charging are identified in the O_1-2y reservoir (well YQX1-1) at around 436-420 Ma (Middle-Late Silurian) and 10-3 Ma (Miocene to Pliocene), respectively. For the samples from the T₃h and K₁y intervals, only one episode of oil charge is indicated by the homogenization temperatures of coexisting aqueous inclusions with an inferred timing around 10-3 Ma. The T₃h heavy oil reservoir is assumed to be a secondary hydrocarbon pool, which accumulated by re-migration and re-distribution of hydrocarbons from O_1-2y hydrocarbon pools. The few early biodegraded oils in the K₁y light oils were probably picked up along the migration pathway during the late fresh oil charging.     

Heavy metal concentrations of agricultural soils and vegetables from Dongguan, Guangdong

A total of 118 of agricultural soil and 43 of vegetable samples were collected from Dongguan City, Guangdong, China. The spatial distribution, sources, accumulation characteristics and potential risk of heavy metals in the agricultural soils and vegetables were depicted in details by three different approaches, including total contents of eight metal elements in soils and vegetables, GIS maps and multivariate analysis of heavy metals in soils in the study. The results show that there are higher accumulation of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd and Hg in agricultural soils, and the contents of Pb (65.38 mg kg?1) and Hg (0.24 mg kg?1) are 1.82 and 2.82 times of the background contents of the corresponding heavy metals in soils of Guangdong Province, respectively. There are about 3.4% of Cu, 5.9% of Ni, 1.7% of Cd and 28% of Hg in all collected soil samples from all investigated sites which have overran the contents for heavy metals of the China Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB15618-1995, Grade Ⅱ). The pollution characteristics of multi-metals in soils are mainly reflected by Hg. There are different sources to eight metal elements in soils, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr and As are predominantly derived from parent materials, and Pb, Hg and Cd are affected by anthropogenic activities. The spatial distribution shows that the Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, As and Hg contents of agricultural soils are high in the west and low in the east, and Cd contents are high in the northwest, southeast and low in the southwest in Dongguan. The ratios of vegetable samples which Ni, Pb and As concentrations higher than the Maximum Levels of Contaminants in Foods (GB2762-2005) are 4.7%, 16.3% and 48.8%, respectively. The order of bio-concentration factors (BCF) of heavy metals in vegetables is Cd > Zn > Cu > As > Ni > Hg > Cr > Pb. It is necessary to focus on potential risk of heavy metals for food safety and human’s health from agricultural soils and vegetables in Dongguan City, Guangdong Province.     

东营凹陷南斜坡孔店组原油地球化学特征及其来源

在分析东营凹陷缓坡带孔店组多个原油样品的类异戊二烯烷烃、甾类化合物、萜类化合物和碳同位素构成的基础上,揭示了孔店组原油的典型地球化学特征。孔店组原油甾类化合物主要由规则甾烷构成,异构化程度较低,明显富有C₂₉规则甾烷;三环萜烷相对含量高,三环萜烷/五环萜烷分布范围为0.15～0.53;碳同位素组成偏轻,δ¹³Ｃ值普遍小于－29‰。由于孔店组原油与研究区已认定的Es^x₃亚段、Es^s₄亚段和Ek₂亚段三套生油岩都缺少成因联系,该区可能存在一套尚未落实的生油岩。依据原油的典型生物标志化合物构成特征推断,孔店组原油应来自下第三系深层一套贫粘土矿物且富含化学盐岩的生油岩层。     

利用卫星遥感信息解译山东冬小麦产量类型分布

利用1991～2000年NOAA气象卫星遥感资料和同期山东冬小麦产量资料，分区建立了冬小麦产量与植被指数之间的关系式，推算出每个像元点的产量，按照划分高中低产田的阈值，将该像元点确定为某一产量类型，在GIS的支持下，形成了山东省冬小麦高、中、低产田分布图，同时，对于中低产田的成因进行了初步分析。     

Identification of petroleum hydrocarbons using a reduced number of PAHs selected by Procrustes rotation

Identifying petroleum-related products released into the environment is a complex and difficult task. To achieve this, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of outstanding importance nowadays. Despite traditional quantitative fingerprinting uses straightforward univariate statistical analyses to differentiate among oils and to assess their sources, a multivariate strategy based on Procrustes rotation (PR) was applied in this paper. The aim of PR is to select a reduced subset of PAHs still capable of performing a satisfactory identification of petroleum-related hydrocarbons. PR selected two subsets of three (C₂-naphthalene, C₂-dibenzothiophene and C₂-phenanthrene) and five (C₁-decahidronaphthalene, naphthalene, C₂-phenanthrene, C₃-phenanthrene and C₂-fluoranthene) PAHs for each of the two datasets studied here. The classification abilities of each subset of PAHs were tested using principal components analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and Kohonen neural networks and it was demonstrated that they unraveled the same patterns as the overall set of PAHs.