Some aspects of head‐variance evaluation

We compare two methods of evaluating head covariance for two‐dimensional steady‐state flow in mildly heterogeneous bounded rectangular aquifers. The quasi‐analytical approach, widely used in stochastic subsurface hydrology, is based on the Green's function representation, and involves numerical four‐fold integration. We compare this approach with a numerical solution of the two‐dimensional boundary‐value problem for head covariance. We show that the finite differences integration of this problem is computationally less expensive than numerical four‐fold integration of slowly‐convergent infinite series. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

片、粉状触媒合成腔体内压力、温度的变化分析

对比分析了片状触媒合成体系和粉状触媒合成体系,在金刚石合成过程中,合成腔体内压力、温度的变化情况,并结合金刚石合成特征区分布图,分析辽些压力、温度变化对合成金刚石品质的影响,由此,指出粉状触媒是合成金刚石用触媒材料的较佳形态。     

广州市轨道交通二十一号线工程路基抗震性测试研究

传统路基动模量法大都进行单路基抗震性能分析,缺乏复合路基抗震性能分析,存在较高的偏差。对广州市轨道交通二十一号线工程路基抗震性进行测试,分析该地地质条件后,通过标准贯入实验法判断原始路基土质液化情况,使用瑞典条分法测试原始路基的抗震性能,判别出该路基液化土层滑动安全系数低、抗震稳定性差,应对其进行复合路基加固。通过圆弧滑动法对加固后的复合路基中碎石桩桩网结构路基以及CFG桩桩网结构路基进行抗震性测试。实验结果表明,所提方法抗干扰性能强且测试结果精度高。     

Grain size along two gravel-bed rivers: statistical variation,spatial pattern and sedimentary links

A new set of field data facilitates a detailed analysis of variations in bed material grain size within two confluent gravel-bed rivers in northeastern British Columbia, Canada. A preliminary assessment of grain-size variability establishes a basis for examination of the spatial pattern of grain-size change. Standard ANOVA techniques are inappropriate because individual samples have unequal variances and are not normally distributed. Alternative tests for homoscedasticity and comparison of means are therefore utilized. Within-site, between-sample variability is not significant. The grain-size distributions that were obtained at individual sites are therefore representative of the depositional environments that were sampled. In both rivers mean grain size does vary significantly between sites and there is therefore a basis for examining the data for spatial patterns such as downstream fining. Textural variations along the two rivers studied here are complex and show negligible overall fining (in over 100 km). This is the consequence of a large number of tributary inputs and non-alluvial sediment sources which are the legacy of Late Pleistocene glaciation. The identification of lateral sources like these is fundamental for understanding textural changes within rivers. The sedimentary link (a channel reach between significant lateral sediment inputs) provides a means of isolating fluvial maturation processes (abrasion and sorting) from contingent lateral inputs. Strong fining trends are apparent in most links and classification of grain-size measurements according to their location within particular links greatly improves the statistical explanation of textural variation. Identification of sedimentary links provides a means of applying models of fluvial fining processes, so isolation of link networks will aid the development of basin-scale models of textural variation. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

勉略构造带新元古代洋盆俯冲作用：来自略阳地区纸房沟岩片火山岩锆石U- Pb年龄和Lu- Hf同位素的证据

纸房沟岩片位于勉略构造带略阳地区。通过细致的岩石学和地球化学研究,将纸房沟岩片内的火山岩分为拉斑玄武岩系列（Ⅰ类）和钙碱性火山岩系列（Ⅱ类）。Ⅰ类火山岩稀土配分曲线左倾,富Na贫P,整体具有N- MORB特点,形成于洋脊构造环境。相比Ⅰ类火山岩,Ⅱ类火山岩具有更高的SiO2(49.02％~61.86％)和K2O(0.32％~1.55％)含量,相对亏损Nb、Ta、P和Ti,形成于陆缘弧构造环境。Ⅱ类火山岩锆石Lu- Hf同位素测试结果显示,εHf(t)值主体为负值,介于-8.01~+0.77,表明其主要为古老地壳物质熔融成因。Ⅱ类火山岩LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb测年结果为854±3Ma(MSWD=0.12, n=30)、844±4Ma (MSWD=0.03, n=15),表明纸房沟岩片火山岩结晶时代为新元古代早中期。综合前人成果认为,纸房沟岩片火山岩为新元古代勉略洋盆俯冲的产物,俯冲作用一直持续到800Ma左右,该俯冲过程很可能是对全球性Rodinia超大陆聚合事件的响应。     

TIN DEM线性内插不确定性的随机过程模型

基于随机过程模型导出了TIN DEM线性内插的随机过程模型,给出了不规则随机空间三角形的不确定性描述,讨论了TIN节点误差在线性内插中的传播问题。通过理论推导和实际算例,得到了TIN DEM线性内插点的点位方差和误差椭球半轴的解析表达式、线性内插精度最高点坐标的解析表达式,该结论与三角形的形状无关;对DEM线性外推导致精度急剧下降的必然性结论进行了理论证明;得到TIN线性内插的平均点位方差解析式,从理论上说明了本文结论的有效性。     

VRS动态随机模型建模方法的综合比较

阐述了4种传统虚拟参考站(virtual reference station,VRS)随机模型建模方法及VENUS随机模型建模方法的作业原理,从验后单位权方差、模糊度精度因子ADOP、F-ratio、滤波残差等多个角度综合分析了各方法作业水平的有效性及优劣程度。研究表明,传统的标准随机模型建模方法、信噪比建模方法及高度角建模方法在VRS中的应用有效性最弱,传统的自适应随机模型方法和VENUS建模方法在不同层面体现出各自的优势,有互相借鉴的科研价值。     

基于粒子群优化算法的最大类间方差多阈值图像分割

最大类间方差法是图像分割中一种常用的阈值分割方法,对于单阈值分割具有显著的效果,但是对于多阈值分割,计算复杂度大、耗时较多。本文将粒子群优化算法与最大类间方差法结合,提出了一种新的图像分割方法,该方法利用粒子群优化算法的寻优高效性,并由灰度图像的最大类间方差值作为适应值,搜索最优分割阈值,实现图像的多阈值分割。实验结果显示,新方法大大缩短了寻找最优阈值的时间,降低了运算复杂度,提高了图像分割速度,说明基于粒子群优化算法的图像分割算法是可行的、有效的。     

Helmert方差分量估计在跨江水准测量中的应用

Helmert方差分量估计是一种根据验后信息重新定权来保证观测值权值合理的方法之一,在很多领域已经得到了广泛的应用。本文把Helmert方差分量估计引入跨江水准测量的数据处理中,使观测数据的权值更加合理,平差结果更加准确。     

Helmert方差估计在桥梁跨江导线网中的应用

导线网在桥梁施工控制网的加密测量中得到广泛使用,由于存在两类不同性质的观测值以及导线边长度不等的问题,平差时应当考虑边角观测值权的统一和不同观测边权的合理取定。本文结合某特大型桥梁加密控制测量的实际情况,对跨江导线网中边长相差较大等问题,采用Helmert方差估计方法分析平差过程中权的合理取定问题,明显地提高了平差结果的精度。